Recently, the interests in optical memory based on persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) are increased because of its possibility of the application to high density optical memory. PSHB was observed for an organic dye doped in polymer and rear earth or transition metal doped in inorganic crystal or glasses up to now. Since PSHB was observed by two Russian groups (Gorokhovskii et al. and Kharlamov et al.) for free base phthalocyanine in a n-octane Shpol'skii matrix1 and for perylene and 9-aminoacridine molecules in glassy ethanol matrix2, PSHB materials are studied primarily for the polymer doped with an organic dye. But such materials can make hole only at very low temperature. Room temperature PSHB phenomena were observed on Sm2+ doped fluoride crystals3-5 and glasses6 recently, however these materials' Гih(inhomogeneous line width)/Гh(homogeneous line width)'s which are the parameters of data multiplicity in PSHB optical memory are an order of unity. For the application of PSHB materials to optical memory, high operating temperature, high Гih/Гh, and rapid reaction rate are wanted. Glass has a superiority on the view point of optical memory application because of its broad inhomogeneous line width and productivity. Our group has discovered room temperature PSHB for Sm2+ in borate glass systems whose Гih/Гh is 24.7 PSHB for rear earth metal in glass matrix has not been studied seriously, yet. It is thought that the study of the relationship between the optical hole and glass structure is necessary.
近年来，基于持续光谱烧孔(PSHB)的光存储技术因其在高密度光存储领域的应用前景而受到越来越多的关注。目前对有机染料在聚合物中掺杂和无机晶体或玻璃中掺杂稀土或过渡金属均观察到PSHB。由于两个俄罗斯研究组(Gorokhovskii et al.和Kharlamov et al.)观察到PSHB在正辛烷Shpol'skii基质中的游离碱酞菁x1和玻璃状乙醇基质中的苝和9-氨基吖啶分子x2，因此PSHB材料主要研究了掺杂有机染料的聚合物。但是这种材料只能在很低的温度下才能打洞。近年来在Sm2+掺杂的氟化物晶体3-5和玻璃6上观察到室温PSHB现象，但这些材料作为PSHB光存储器中数据多重性参数的Гih(非均匀线宽)/Гh(均匀线宽)是一个统一的数量级。PSHB材料在光存储器中的应用需要高工作温度、高Гih/Гh和快速反应速率。从光存储应用的角度来看，玻璃具有宽的非均匀线宽和生产率的优势。本课组在硼酸盐玻璃体系中发现了Sm2+的室温PSHB，其Гih/Гh为24.7，但对玻璃基体中后方土金属的PSHB尚未进行认真研究。认为对光孔与玻璃结构之间的关系进行研究是必要的。
{"title":"Room Temperature Hole-Burning in Sm2+-doped Borate Glasses","authors":"K. Hirao","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.thg1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.thg1","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the interests in optical memory based on persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) are increased because of its possibility of the application to high density optical memory. PSHB was observed for an organic dye doped in polymer and rear earth or transition metal doped in inorganic crystal or glasses up to now. Since PSHB was observed by two Russian groups (Gorokhovskii et al. and Kharlamov et al.) for free base phthalocyanine in a n-octane Shpol'skii matrix1 and for perylene and 9-aminoacridine molecules in glassy ethanol matrix2, PSHB materials are studied primarily for the polymer doped with an organic dye. But such materials can make hole only at very low temperature. Room temperature PSHB phenomena were observed on Sm2+ doped fluoride crystals3-5 and glasses6 recently, however these materials' Гih(inhomogeneous line width)/Гh(homogeneous line width)'s which are the parameters of data multiplicity in PSHB optical memory are an order of unity. For the application of PSHB materials to optical memory, high operating temperature, high Гih/Гh, and rapid reaction rate are wanted. Glass has a superiority on the view point of optical memory application because of its broad inhomogeneous line width and productivity. Our group has discovered room temperature PSHB for Sm2+ in borate glass systems whose Гih/Гh is 24.7 PSHB for rear earth metal in glass matrix has not been studied seriously, yet. It is thought that the study of the relationship between the optical hole and glass structure is necessary.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126435696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Croci, T. Irngartinger, M. Pirotta, V. Palm, T. Plakhotnik, W. Moerner, A. Renn, U. Wild
Spectral shifts of the molecular resonance frequency have been observed since the early days of single molecule spectroscopy (SMS) [4]. We call these effects for concreteness light-induced spectral shifts (LISS) or spontaneous spectral shifts (SSS or S3) to distinguish the two possible reasons for the spectral change. In order to gain a more complete picture of these effects we have undertaken three different approaches.
{"title":"Single molecule spectroscopy: measurements of spectral shifts and fluorescence images","authors":"M. Croci, T. Irngartinger, M. Pirotta, V. Palm, T. Plakhotnik, W. Moerner, A. Renn, U. Wild","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd1","url":null,"abstract":"Spectral shifts of the molecular resonance frequency have been observed since the early days of single molecule spectroscopy (SMS) [4]. We call these effects for concreteness light-induced spectral shifts (LISS) or spontaneous spectral shifts (SSS or S3) to distinguish the two possible reasons for the spectral change. In order to gain a more complete picture of these effects we have undertaken three different approaches.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134424503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have extended our room-temperature hole burning studies, first performed on SrFCI0.5Br0.5: Sm2+ mixed crystals [1], to a wider class of single crystal materials with general composition MeIyMeII1-y YXIxXII1-x: Sm2+(Me=Ca,Sr,Ba; Y=F,H; X=CI,Br,l). This allowed to widen the spectral range for hole burning and to study the functional properties in dependence of the material structure. Because of the possibility to vary the composition (x,y) almost continuously and because of the relatively simple description of the disorder in the mixed crystals the formation of inhomogeneous broadening could have been described in a very detailed manner in these materials [2]. The above mentioned reasons make it enticing to study also the electronic and ionic movements through the hole burning at elevated temperatures.
{"title":"High-temperature spectral hole burning on single crystal materials of PbFCl:Sm2+family","authors":"R. Jaaniso, H. Bill","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.thg3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.thg3","url":null,"abstract":"We have extended our room-temperature hole burning studies, first performed on SrFCI0.5Br0.5: Sm2+ mixed crystals [1], to a wider class of single crystal materials with general composition MeIyMeII1-y YXIxXII1-x: Sm2+(Me=Ca,Sr,Ba; Y=F,H; X=CI,Br,l). This allowed to widen the spectral range for hole burning and to study the functional properties in dependence of the material structure. Because of the possibility to vary the composition (x,y) almost continuously and because of the relatively simple description of the disorder in the mixed crystals the formation of inhomogeneous broadening could have been described in a very detailed manner in these materials [2]. The above mentioned reasons make it enticing to study also the electronic and ionic movements through the hole burning at elevated temperatures.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131801629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most popular system for single molecule spectroscopy up to now is pentacene molecules introduced into p-terphenyl single crystal. P-terphenyl is a birefringent crystal and here arises a problem about the state of light polarization at the site of pentacene: the fluorescence intensity depends on the angle between the polarization and transition dipole moment of the molecule. This circumstance has found application in the measurement of the distance of the molecule from the crystal entrance surface [1]. In Ref.[1] formulae for finding the distance and the orientation of the dipole moment have been given and the respective values have been calculated. The aim of this paper is to derive more accurately formulae for these values, taking into account more precisely the properties of the electric field of the wave propagating in a birefringent crystal.
{"title":"Dependence Of The Fluorescence Of A Single Impurity Molecule On Light Polarization In Birefringent Crystals (Pentacene In P-Terphenyl)","authors":"I. Rebane","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd4","url":null,"abstract":"The most popular system for single molecule spectroscopy up to now is pentacene molecules introduced into p-terphenyl single crystal. P-terphenyl is a birefringent crystal and here arises a problem about the state of light polarization at the site of pentacene: the fluorescence intensity depends on the angle between the polarization and transition dipole moment of the molecule. This circumstance has found application in the measurement of the distance of the molecule from the crystal entrance surface [1]. In Ref.[1] formulae for finding the distance and the orientation of the dipole moment have been given and the respective values have been calculated. The aim of this paper is to derive more accurately formulae for these values, taking into account more precisely the properties of the electric field of the wave propagating in a birefringent crystal.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133494530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kawazoe, Tetsuya Yamamoto, L. Zimin, Y. Masumoto
Persistent hole-burning phenomena in ion-doped glass and organic-molecule-doped organic glass have been well known. In recent years semiconductor nanocrystals have been studied extensively because of their novel optical properties such as large optical nonlinearities, and their possibility for applications, such as lasers, ultrafast optical devices, and so on. However, so far "persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB)" phenomenon in semiconductor nanocrystals has never been reported until the PSHB phenomenon was observed in CdSe and CuCl nanocrystals in our laboratory. Therefore, we may be able to find the other semiconductor nanocrystals which show persistent hole-burning phenomenon. In this publication, we report the persistent hole-burning phenomenon in CuBr semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in glass. Our experiment shows the spectral hole in CuBr nanocrystals remains for more than 8 hours without any detectable relaxation.
{"title":"Persistent spectral hole-burning in CuBr nanocrystals","authors":"T. Kawazoe, Tetsuya Yamamoto, L. Zimin, Y. Masumoto","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd51","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent hole-burning phenomena in ion-doped glass and organic-molecule-doped organic glass have been well known. In recent years semiconductor nanocrystals have been studied extensively because of their novel optical properties such as large optical nonlinearities, and their possibility for applications, such as lasers, ultrafast optical devices, and so on. However, so far \"persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB)\" phenomenon in semiconductor nanocrystals has never been reported until the PSHB phenomenon was observed in CdSe and CuCl nanocrystals in our laboratory. Therefore, we may be able to find the other semiconductor nanocrystals which show persistent hole-burning phenomenon. In this publication, we report the persistent hole-burning phenomenon in CuBr semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in glass. Our experiment shows the spectral hole in CuBr nanocrystals remains for more than 8 hours without any detectable relaxation.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132715577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Fukumi, Kimiko Nakao, T. Sakaguchi, K. Ohta, M. Miya
Effect of laser irradiation on the reflectivity of phase-conjugate signal from semiconductor nanoparticles was examined. Experimental setup employed in the present study is illustrated in Fig.(1).
研究了激光辐照对半导体纳米粒子相位共轭信号反射率的影响。本研究采用的实验装置如图1所示。
{"title":"Effect of laser irradiation on reflectivity of phase-conjugate signal from semiconductor nanoparticles","authors":"T. Fukumi, Kimiko Nakao, T. Sakaguchi, K. Ohta, M. Miya","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd44","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of laser irradiation on the reflectivity of phase-conjugate signal from semiconductor nanoparticles was examined. Experimental setup employed in the present study is illustrated in Fig.(1).","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133108464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the discovery of photochemical hole-burning(PHB),1,2) this phenomenon is sometimes called site-selective spectroscopy. This site-selective feature has been proposed for wavelength domain recording to achieve ultra-high recording density.3)
{"title":"Photochemical hole-burning: its non-site-selective aspects and applicability to optical memory","authors":"N. Murase, K. Horie","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd37","url":null,"abstract":"Since the discovery of photochemical hole-burning(PHB),1,2) this phenomenon is sometimes called site-selective spectroscopy. This site-selective feature has been proposed for wavelength domain recording to achieve ultra-high recording density.3)","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124448999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. In conventional optical addressing the diffraction limit λ3 selects a body about 1010 molecules to be under illumination. Out of them 104 are impurities, if their relative concentration is 10-6. Single impurity molecule spectroscopy (SMS) has to deal with one molecule at the back-ground of 1010molecules, whose frequencies are out of resonance with the excitation by a few thousands of cm-1 (the host molecules) and 104 molecules in the inhomogeneous impurity band distributed over about 1-1000 cm-1 around the resonance. The single molecule subject to SMS (which is really a spectroscopy, not only detection) must have a sharp and intense absorption line towering well above the spectral background created by the other 1010 molecules under illumination [1,2]. The purely electronic zero-phonon line (ZPL), “the optical analog of the Mossbauer γ-resonance line” ([3] and references therein) is a proper candidate to that role.
{"title":"Zero-Phonon Line as the Corner Stone of Single Impurity Center Spectroscopy","authors":"K. Rebane","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wb5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wb5","url":null,"abstract":"1. In conventional optical addressing the diffraction limit λ3 selects a body about 1010 molecules to be under illumination. Out of them 104 are impurities, if their relative concentration is 10-6. Single impurity molecule spectroscopy (SMS) has to deal with one molecule at the back-ground of 1010molecules, whose frequencies are out of resonance with the excitation by a few thousands of cm-1 (the host molecules) and 104 molecules in the inhomogeneous impurity band distributed over about 1-1000 cm-1 around the resonance. The single molecule subject to SMS (which is really a spectroscopy, not only detection) must have a sharp and intense absorption line towering well above the spectral background created by the other 1010 molecules under illumination [1,2]. The purely electronic zero-phonon line (ZPL), “the optical analog of the Mossbauer γ-resonance line” ([3] and references therein) is a proper candidate to that role.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125797305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent experiments on time-resolved hole-burning (TRHB) [1-3] and nonexponential photon-echo decays [4,5] in low-temperature ion-doped crystals have demonstrated the multi-timescale dynamics of host nuclei whose spin flips provide the main source of stochastic fluctuations Ut of an impurity ion transition frequency ωab(ωabt=ωab+Ut) leading to optical dephasing and spectral diffusion. Such complicated spin dynamics results from the existence around the impurity ion of the "frozen core" of nuclear spins with their flip rates to be greatly slowed compared to the unperturbed bulk spins.
{"title":"Multi-timescale stochastic theory of time-resolved hole-burning in low-temperature ion-doped crystals. Application to laser-dependent dephasing and spectral diffusion in ruby","authors":"S. Kilin, A. Nizovtsev, N. S. Onishchenko","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd15","url":null,"abstract":"Recent experiments on time-resolved hole-burning (TRHB) [1-3] and nonexponential photon-echo decays [4,5] in low-temperature ion-doped crystals have demonstrated the multi-timescale dynamics of host nuclei whose spin flips provide the main source of stochastic fluctuations Ut of an impurity ion transition frequency \u0000ωab(ωabt=ωab+Ut) leading to optical dephasing and spectral diffusion. Such complicated spin dynamics results from the existence around the impurity ion of the \"frozen core\" of nuclear spins with their flip rates to be greatly slowed compared to the unperturbed bulk spins.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132167236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. De Caro, T. Creemers, R. W. Visschers, R. van Grondelle, S. Völker
The initial step in the photosynthetic process is the absorption of light by chlorophyll-type molecules bound to proteins in so-called light-harvesting (LH) complexes, and the subsequent transfer of the excitation energy among these antennae until it is trapped by the reaction center (RC). This entire process occurs in less than 100 ps. In the RC an electron is then transferred across the biological membrane, by which an electrochemical potential gradient is generated and the energy stored for subsequent processes.
{"title":"Spectral Hole-Burning in Photosynthetic Pigment-Protein Complexes: Size-Dependent Dynamics","authors":"C. De Caro, T. Creemers, R. W. Visschers, R. van Grondelle, S. Völker","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd19","url":null,"abstract":"The initial step in the photosynthetic process is the absorption of light by chlorophyll-type molecules bound to proteins in so-called light-harvesting (LH) complexes, and the subsequent transfer of the excitation energy among these antennae until it is trapped by the reaction center (RC). This entire process occurs in less than 100 ps. In the RC an electron is then transferred across the biological membrane, by which an electrochemical potential gradient is generated and the energy stored for subsequent processes.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126234709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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