A biological system has a huge internal degree of freedom originating from the variety of its function. Proteins of which a biological system is composed have a huge number of conformational substates microscopically and show complex dynamics. Elucidation of the microscopic dynamics and the internal degree of freedom in biological systems is thought to be a key to the elucidation of the physiological activity and life.
{"title":"Photon echo spectroscopy on biological systems: Application to tissues and antigen-antibody systems","authors":"Akira Furusawa, T. Suga, K. Uchikawa","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.fc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.fc3","url":null,"abstract":"A biological system has a huge internal degree of freedom originating from the variety of its function. Proteins of which a biological system is composed have a huge number of conformational substates microscopically and show complex dynamics. Elucidation of the microscopic dynamics and the internal degree of freedom in biological systems is thought to be a key to the elucidation of the physiological activity and life.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123089686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent experimental results on femtosecond accumulated photon echo in dye-polymer system are reviewed. This talk consists of two parts. The first half is concerned with the linear electron-phonon coupling in dye-polymer systems.1) The aim of this research is to clarify the parameter that is most important in significantly affecting the linear electron-phonon coupling in these materials,2) and to find the materials which have extremely weak linear electron-phonon coupling. In the theory of electron-phonon interaction, two parameters of Huang-Rhys factor and phonon frequency are important to characterize each material. Therefore, this research is closely related to the unsettled problem on the low frequency phonon mode in amorphous materials. It has been found that the peak frequency of the phonon sideband spectrum nearly coincides with the frequency of the boson peak that is observed in the Raman scattering spectrum of polymers,3) and that the Debye-Waller factor is larger for the polymers with higher boson peak frequency, such as hydrogen-bonded polymers. However, there seems to exist a maximum of the boson peak frequencyat around 40 cm-1 in organic polymers. This result explains the reason why it is difficult to develope the PHB memory material that works above the temperature of liquid nitrogen, so long as the dye-polymer systems are employed. As far as the dye-polymer system is concerned, the porphyrin substituted hemeproteins are, to the best of our knowledge, samples with very weak linear electron-phonon coupling.4) It is my opinion that the hydrophobic compartmentalization of the chromophores is the dominant mechanism that markedly reduces the electron-phonon coupling in the iron-free hemeproteins.
{"title":"Photon Echo Spectroscopy in Dye-Polymer Systems","authors":"S. Saikan","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.tha1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.tha1","url":null,"abstract":"Recent experimental results on femtosecond accumulated photon echo in dye-polymer system are reviewed. This talk consists of two parts. The first half is concerned with the linear electron-phonon coupling in dye-polymer systems.1) The aim of this research is to clarify the parameter that is most important in significantly affecting the linear electron-phonon coupling in these materials,2) and to find the materials which have extremely weak linear electron-phonon coupling. In the theory of electron-phonon interaction, two parameters of Huang-Rhys factor and phonon frequency are important to characterize each material. Therefore, this research is closely related to the unsettled problem on the low frequency phonon mode in amorphous materials. It has been found that the peak frequency of the phonon sideband spectrum nearly coincides with the frequency of the boson peak that is observed in the Raman scattering spectrum of polymers,3) and that the Debye-Waller factor is larger for the polymers with higher boson peak frequency, such as hydrogen-bonded polymers. However, there seems to exist a maximum of the boson peak frequencyat around 40 cm-1 in organic polymers. This result explains the reason why it is difficult to develope the PHB memory material that works above the temperature of liquid nitrogen, so long as the dye-polymer systems are employed. As far as the dye-polymer system is concerned, the porphyrin substituted hemeproteins are, to the best of our knowledge, samples with very weak linear electron-phonon coupling.4) It is my opinion that the hydrophobic compartmentalization of the chromophores is the dominant mechanism that markedly reduces the electron-phonon coupling in the iron-free hemeproteins.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121435726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well known that porphin derivatives such as tetraphenylporphin (TPP) molecularly dispersed in organic polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) exhibit photochemical hole burning (PHB). In this kind of porphin/polymer system of simple dispersion type, large irreversible broadening of photochemical holes is observed even at extremely low temperatures around liquid helium temperature [1]. This broadening, or spectral diffusion, is caused by the energy shift of the electronic states of the porphin molecule brought about by the structural changes which take place in the organic amorphous polymer. The reduction of this spectral diffusion is one of the main subjects for the possible application of PHB to high-density optical memory. In the previous paper [1], we reported on the spectral diffusion in the copolymer of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and TPP derivative with four functional groups and showed that the spectral diffusion is suppressed by the covalent bonds formed between TPP and the host polymer. Besides, we reported that the hydrogen bonds formed in the host polymer also suppress the spectral diffusion, which was confirmed for the several porphin derivatives with ionic substituents dispersed in polyvinylalcohol (PVA), one of the most efficient hydrogen bonding polymers [2]. Then, we may expect still less spectral diffusion in such materials that have both the covalent bonds between TPP and the host polymer, and the hydrogen bonds in the latter. In this study, we will show that this anticipation is true.
{"title":"Photochemical Hole Burning of Porphin-Cross-Linked Polymers","authors":"M. Maeda, K. Sakoda","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd39","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that porphin derivatives such as tetraphenylporphin (TPP) molecularly dispersed in organic polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) exhibit photochemical hole burning (PHB). In this kind of porphin/polymer system of simple dispersion type, large irreversible broadening of photochemical holes is observed even at extremely low temperatures around liquid helium temperature [1]. This broadening, or spectral diffusion, is caused by the energy shift of the electronic states of the porphin molecule brought about by the structural changes which take place in the organic amorphous polymer. The reduction of this spectral diffusion is one of the main subjects for the possible application of PHB to high-density optical memory. In the previous paper [1], we reported on the spectral diffusion in the copolymer of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and TPP derivative with four functional groups and showed that the spectral diffusion is suppressed by the covalent bonds formed between TPP and the host polymer. Besides, we reported that the hydrogen bonds formed in the host polymer also suppress the spectral diffusion, which was confirmed for the several porphin derivatives with ionic substituents dispersed in polyvinylalcohol (PVA), one of the most efficient hydrogen bonding polymers [2]. Then, we may expect still less spectral diffusion in such materials that have both the covalent bonds between TPP and the host polymer, and the hydrogen bonds in the latter. In this study, we will show that this anticipation is true.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115139371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been a great deal of interest in the use of rare earth doped materials such as Eu3 +: Y 2 SiO 5 for ultra-high density data storage using time domain techniques 1,2,3,4. These materials can exhibit T2 times as long as 800 μsec or more3,5 with corresponding projected linewidths of only several hundred Hertz. Since the typical linewidth of lasers used to investigate these materials (e.g. dye lasers) is of the order of 1 to 5 MHz, detailed studies of phenomena which can exploit the long coherence time of the excited state are difficult. Studies of phase modulation, continuous correlation, population gratings, free induction decay and so forth are greatly impacted by the laser linewidth. In addition, the actual linewidth of single persistent spectral holes has never been directly measured in these materials.
{"title":"High Density Frequency Domain Data Storage using a Stabilized Dye Laser","authors":"Miao Zhu, C. M. Jefferson","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wc3","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a great deal of interest in the use of rare earth doped materials such as Eu3 +: Y\u0000 2\u0000 SiO\u0000 5\u0000 for ultra-high density data storage using time domain techniques 1,2,3,4. These materials can exhibit T2 times as long as 800 μsec or more3,5 with corresponding projected linewidths of only several hundred Hertz. Since the typical linewidth of lasers used to investigate these materials (e.g. dye lasers) is of the order of 1 to 5 MHz, detailed studies of phenomena which can exploit the long coherence time of the excited state are difficult. Studies of phase modulation, continuous correlation, population gratings, free induction decay and so forth are greatly impacted by the laser linewidth. In addition, the actual linewidth of single persistent spectral holes has never been directly measured in these materials.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114376099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahua Zhang, Hongwei Song, Yu Zhao, M. Tian, K. Dou, Shi-hua Huang, Jiaqi Yu
In Sm2+ doped alkline earth halides, hole burning process is two step photoionization of Sm2+ following electron trapping [1]. The first step is using burning laser to excite electron of Sm2+ from the ground state 7F0 to the excited energy level 5DJ. The second step is using gating laser to excite the electron from the 5DJ level to the conduction band, where the free electron will be captured either by trap or by the ionized Sm2+ ion again. The overall process depends on the factors: excitation rate, the trapping rate and the recombination rate.
{"title":"The Study on Spectral Hole Burning Rate in BaFCl0.5Br0.5: Sm2+","authors":"Jiahua Zhang, Hongwei Song, Yu Zhao, M. Tian, K. Dou, Shi-hua Huang, Jiaqi Yu","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd25","url":null,"abstract":"In Sm2+ doped alkline earth halides, hole burning process is two step photoionization of Sm2+ following electron trapping [1]. The first step is using burning laser to excite electron of Sm2+ from the ground state 7F0 to the excited energy level 5DJ. The second step is using gating laser to excite the electron from the 5DJ level to the conduction band, where the free electron will be captured either by trap or by the ionized Sm2+ ion again. The overall process depends on the factors: excitation rate, the trapping rate and the recombination rate.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114777145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The method of selective laser excitation (SLE) of active ions in strongly disordered media allows one to receive important information, in particular, about the structure of inhomogeneously broadened bands of absorption and fluorescence and about schemes of Stark splitting of the levels during consecutive excitations of different optical centers [1], Glasses of different compositions are the most popular disordered media due to easy method of fabrication of the samples. However, disordered crystals, which occupy intermediate position between glasses and ordered crystals, are also of a considerable interest as objects of investigation due to unique combination of their properties.
{"title":"Selective Laser Excitation and Inhomogeneous Spectral Line Broadening of Nd3+ Ions in Disordered CaF2-YF3 Crystals","authors":"T. Basiev, A. Karasik, R. Shubochkin","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd34","url":null,"abstract":"The method of selective laser excitation (SLE) of active ions in strongly disordered media allows one to receive important information, in particular, about the structure of inhomogeneously broadened bands of absorption and fluorescence and about schemes of Stark splitting of the levels during consecutive excitations of different optical centers [1], Glasses of different compositions are the most popular disordered media due to easy method of fabrication of the samples. However, disordered crystals, which occupy intermediate position between glasses and ordered crystals, are also of a considerable interest as objects of investigation due to unique combination of their properties.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115885351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photochemical hole burning (PHB) is attracting an interest as a means for frequency-domain optical storage. Besides, PHB is expected as a probe for understanding the dynamic behavior in polymers at low temperatures. The low-temperature properties of polymers have been investigated mechanically and dielectricly for many years. In the present study, excursion temperature dependence of hole profile for chromophore/polymer systems is investigated, and is compared with mechanical and dielectric behavior of polymers, so as to get hold of the relationship between relaxation properties and chemical structure of polymers.
{"title":"Low-Temperature Structural Relaxation in Polymers Probed by PHB","authors":"Satomi Tanaka, S. Machida, K. Horie, T. Yamashita","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd35","url":null,"abstract":"Photochemical hole burning (PHB) is attracting an interest as a means for frequency-domain optical storage. Besides, PHB is expected as a probe for understanding the dynamic behavior in polymers at low temperatures. The low-temperature properties of polymers have been investigated mechanically and dielectricly for many years. In the present study, excursion temperature dependence of hole profile for chromophore/polymer systems is investigated, and is compared with mechanical and dielectric behavior of polymers, so as to get hold of the relationship between relaxation properties and chemical structure of polymers.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123686647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sõnajalg, A. Débarre, J. Le Gouët, I. Lorgeré, P. Tchénio
The persistent spectral hole burning property is known to add a fourth dimension to the optical data storage volume. Full advantage of the large capacity of such memories and of the intrinsic parallelism due to their optical nature can be taken in an application such as image storage. In this frame, the read-out operation has to be effected at video rate at least. This is not achieved by currently developed image-addressing methods. The present paper proposes a new procedure to overcome the so far encountered limitations.
{"title":"Spectral Phase-Encoding Of Addresses For Optical Data Storage In Frequency Selective Media","authors":"H. Sõnajalg, A. Débarre, J. Le Gouët, I. Lorgeré, P. Tchénio","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd10","url":null,"abstract":"The persistent spectral hole burning property is known to add a fourth dimension to the optical data storage volume. Full advantage of the large capacity of such memories and of the intrinsic parallelism due to their optical nature can be taken in an application such as image storage. In this frame, the read-out operation has to be effected at video rate at least. This is not achieved by currently developed image-addressing methods. The present paper proposes a new procedure to overcome the so far encountered limitations.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125770331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tian, T.-W. F. Chang, Jiahua Zhang, B. Luo, Shi-hua Huang, Jiaqi Yu
Photon-gated spectral hole-burning in the organic donor-acceptor electron transfer system has attracted extensively interests because of its application background in frequency-domain optical storage. Several materials have been investigated from the aspects in hole-burning process[1–3], such as photon-gating effect, temperature dependence of hole width and hole-burning efficiency. A few works on hole-filling processes have been done[4], however, the filling mechanisms are not clear now.
{"title":"Thermally Induced Hole-filling Process In Donor-acceptor Electron Transfer System","authors":"M. Tian, T.-W. F. Chang, Jiahua Zhang, B. Luo, Shi-hua Huang, Jiaqi Yu","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd23","url":null,"abstract":"Photon-gated spectral hole-burning in the organic donor-acceptor electron transfer system has attracted extensively interests because of its application background in frequency-domain optical storage. Several materials have been investigated from the aspects in hole-burning process[1–3], such as photon-gating effect, temperature dependence of hole width and hole-burning efficiency. A few works on hole-filling processes have been done[4], however, the filling mechanisms are not clear now.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121261390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The molecular Rydberg states have more complicated structure than the atomic ones. The phenomenon is due to the rotational spectrum being characteristic of molecules unlike atoms. Inasmuch as the distance between rotational levels of the molecular core is comparable to the distance between high excited levels in the pure Coulomb field, rotational states mix with Rydberg ones and form rotational-Rydberg (ro-Ry) states.
{"title":"Rotational Rydberg states in polar molecules","authors":"V. Chernov, D. L. Dorofeev, B. Zon","doi":"10.1364/shbs.1994.wd59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/shbs.1994.wd59","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular Rydberg states have more complicated structure than the atomic ones. The phenomenon is due to the rotational spectrum being characteristic of molecules unlike atoms. Inasmuch as the distance between rotational levels of the molecular core is comparable to the distance between high excited levels in the pure Coulomb field, rotational states mix with Rydberg ones and form rotational-Rydberg (ro-Ry) states.","PeriodicalId":443330,"journal":{"name":"Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130653402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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