Pub Date : 2018-04-13DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2018-0001
Asim Yaqub, M. Isa, H. Ajab, S. Kutty, E. H. Ezechi, R. Farooq
Abstract In this study IrO2 (Iridium oxide) was coated onto a titanium plate anode from a dilute (50 mg/10 ml) IrCl3×H2O salt solution. Coating was done at high temperature (550∘C) using thermal decomposition. Surface morphology and characteristics of coated surface of Ti/IrO2 anode were examined by FESEM and XRD. The coated anode was applied for electrochemical removal of organic pollutants from synthetic water samples in 100 mL compartment of batch electrochemical cell. About 50% COD removal was obtained at anode prepared with low Ir content solution while 72% COD removal was obtained with anode prepared at high Ir content. Maximum COD removal was obtained at 10 mA/cm2 current density.
{"title":"Preparation of Ti/IrO2 Anode with Low Iridium Content by Thermal Decomposition Process: Electrochemical removal of organic pollutants in water","authors":"Asim Yaqub, M. Isa, H. Ajab, S. Kutty, E. H. Ezechi, R. Farooq","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study IrO2 (Iridium oxide) was coated onto a titanium plate anode from a dilute (50 mg/10 ml) IrCl3×H2O salt solution. Coating was done at high temperature (550∘C) using thermal decomposition. Surface morphology and characteristics of coated surface of Ti/IrO2 anode were examined by FESEM and XRD. The coated anode was applied for electrochemical removal of organic pollutants from synthetic water samples in 100 mL compartment of batch electrochemical cell. About 50% COD removal was obtained at anode prepared with low Ir content solution while 72% COD removal was obtained with anode prepared at high Ir content. Maximum COD removal was obtained at 10 mA/cm2 current density.","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128306091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2017-0003
Shaik Liyakhath Ahmed, Sunil Kumar Thamida, N. Narasaiah
Abstract Polarization data characterize the corrosion behavior of a metal giving a quick estimate of corrosion current density icorr and corrosion potential Ecorr. These two characteristics determine the corrosion rate and position of the metal in galvanic series. The chosen system for the study is steel (SS304) in NaCl solution. In these studies, icorr and Ecorr of Butler-Volmer equation are obtained by fitting the full expression to experimental current vs potential data unlike the graphical method using Tafelslopes. MATLAB optimization tool box is utilized for this purpose. The novel optimization technique is explained for determining Ecorr and icorr
{"title":"Novel optimization technique to determine polarization characteristics of a corroding metal","authors":"Shaik Liyakhath Ahmed, Sunil Kumar Thamida, N. Narasaiah","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2017-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2017-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polarization data characterize the corrosion behavior of a metal giving a quick estimate of corrosion current density icorr and corrosion potential Ecorr. These two characteristics determine the corrosion rate and position of the metal in galvanic series. The chosen system for the study is steel (SS304) in NaCl solution. In these studies, icorr and Ecorr of Butler-Volmer equation are obtained by fitting the full expression to experimental current vs potential data unlike the graphical method using Tafelslopes. MATLAB optimization tool box is utilized for this purpose. The novel optimization technique is explained for determining Ecorr and icorr","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123974333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2017-0001
Baskar Thangaraj, K. Mahadevan
Abstract Aluminum oxide films on SS 304 deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique were studied with respect to the composition of the sputter gas (Ar:O2), gas pressure, substrate temperature, current etc. to achieve good insulating films with high corrosion resistance. The films were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were made under static conditions in order to evaluate the corrosion performance of the alumina-coated SS 304 for various immersion durations in 0.5 M and 1 M NaCl solution. Alumina-coated SS 304 has low corrosion value of 0.4550 and 1.1090MPY for 24 h immersion time in both solutions. The impedance plots for the alumina coated SS 304 in 1 M NaCl solution at different durations are slightly different to when compared to its immersion in 0.5 M NaCl solutions and are composed of two depressed semi circles. For the alumina coated film, the impedance spectrum decreased, when immersion time increased.
摘要:采用直流反应磁控溅射技术，对溅射气体(Ar:O2)的组成、气体压力、衬底温度、电流等因素进行了研究，得到了具有良好绝缘性能和高耐蚀性的s304表面氧化铝膜。采用XRD和SEM对膜进行了表征。在静态条件下，通过动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱测量，评价了氧化铝涂层SS 304在0.5 M和1 M NaCl溶液中不同浸泡时间的腐蚀性能。镀铝SS 304在两种溶液中浸泡24 h时，腐蚀值较低，分别为0.4550和1.1090MPY。氧化铝包覆的SS 304在1 M NaCl溶液中不同时间的阻抗图与浸泡在0.5 M NaCl溶液中的阻抗图略有不同，由两个凹陷的半圆组成。氧化铝涂层的阻抗谱随浸泡时间的增加而减小。
{"title":"Corrosion studies of DC reactive magnetron sputtered alumina coating on 304 SS","authors":"Baskar Thangaraj, K. Mahadevan","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aluminum oxide films on SS 304 deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique were studied with respect to the composition of the sputter gas (Ar:O2), gas pressure, substrate temperature, current etc. to achieve good insulating films with high corrosion resistance. The films were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were made under static conditions in order to evaluate the corrosion performance of the alumina-coated SS 304 for various immersion durations in 0.5 M and 1 M NaCl solution. Alumina-coated SS 304 has low corrosion value of 0.4550 and 1.1090MPY for 24 h immersion time in both solutions. The impedance plots for the alumina coated SS 304 in 1 M NaCl solution at different durations are slightly different to when compared to its immersion in 0.5 M NaCl solutions and are composed of two depressed semi circles. For the alumina coated film, the impedance spectrum decreased, when immersion time increased.","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128187684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2017-0005
P. Shinde, V. Lokhande, Amar M. Patil, T. Ji, C. Lokhande
Abstract To enhance the energy density and power performance of supercapacitors, the rational design and synthesis of active electrode materials with hierarchical mesoporous structure is highly desired. In the present work, fabrication of high-performance hierarchical mesoporous WO3-MnO2 composite nanostructures on carbon cloth substrate via a facile hydrothermal method is reported. By varying the content of MnO2 in the composite, different WO3-MnO2 composite thin films are obtained. The formation of composite is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis reveals maximum specific surface area of 153 m2 g−1. The optimized WO3-MnO2 composite electrode demonstrates remarkable electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance of 657 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and superior longterm cycling stability (92% capacity retention over 2000 CV cycles). Furthermore, symmetric flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on WO3-MnO2 electrodes has been fabricated. The device exhibits good electrochemical performance with maximum specific capacitance of 78 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and specific energy of 10.8 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 0.65 kW kg−1. The improved electrochemical performance could be ascribed to the unique combination of multivalence WO3 and MnO2 nanostructures and synergistic effect between them
{"title":"Design and synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous WO3-MnO2 composite nanostructures on carbon cloth for high-performance supercapacitors","authors":"P. Shinde, V. Lokhande, Amar M. Patil, T. Ji, C. Lokhande","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2017-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2017-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To enhance the energy density and power performance of supercapacitors, the rational design and synthesis of active electrode materials with hierarchical mesoporous structure is highly desired. In the present work, fabrication of high-performance hierarchical mesoporous WO3-MnO2 composite nanostructures on carbon cloth substrate via a facile hydrothermal method is reported. By varying the content of MnO2 in the composite, different WO3-MnO2 composite thin films are obtained. The formation of composite is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis reveals maximum specific surface area of 153 m2 g−1. The optimized WO3-MnO2 composite electrode demonstrates remarkable electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance of 657 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and superior longterm cycling stability (92% capacity retention over 2000 CV cycles). Furthermore, symmetric flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on WO3-MnO2 electrodes has been fabricated. The device exhibits good electrochemical performance with maximum specific capacitance of 78 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and specific energy of 10.8 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 0.65 kW kg−1. The improved electrochemical performance could be ascribed to the unique combination of multivalence WO3 and MnO2 nanostructures and synergistic effect between them","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114315828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2017-0002
S. Selvaganesh, P. Dhanasekaran, S. Bhat
Abstract Durability is a major issue and has been the growing focus of research for the commercialization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Corrosion of carbon support is a key parameter as it triggers the Pt catalyst degradation and affects cell performance, which in turn affects the longevity of the cells. Herein, we describe a hybrid composite support of TiO2-nanowires and Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that offers resistance to corrosion under stressful operating conditions. Titania nanowireswhich have been shown to be more efficient and catalytically active than spherically shaped TiO2. TiO2-MWCNT composites are prepared through a hydrothermal method, followed by Pt deposition using a polyol method. Crystal structure, morphology, and oxidation state are examined through various characterization techniques. Electrochemical performance of TiO2-nanowire/MWCNT composite-supported Pt at various ratios of TiO2/MWCNT is assessed in PEFCs. Pt on support with optimum composition of TiO2-nanowires to MWCNTs exhibits fuel cell performance superior to Pt onMWCNTs. Accelerated stress testing (AST) between 1 and 1.5 V reveals that the designed catalyst on nanocomposite support possesses superior electrochemical activity and shows only 16% loss in catalytic activity in relation to 35% for Pt/MWCNTs even after 6000 potential cycles. Subsequently, the samples were characterized after AST to correlate the loss in fuel cell performance
{"title":"TiO2-nanowire/MWCNT composite with enhanced performance and durability for polymer electrolyte fuel cells","authors":"S. Selvaganesh, P. Dhanasekaran, S. Bhat","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2017-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2017-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Durability is a major issue and has been the growing focus of research for the commercialization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Corrosion of carbon support is a key parameter as it triggers the Pt catalyst degradation and affects cell performance, which in turn affects the longevity of the cells. Herein, we describe a hybrid composite support of TiO2-nanowires and Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that offers resistance to corrosion under stressful operating conditions. Titania nanowireswhich have been shown to be more efficient and catalytically active than spherically shaped TiO2. TiO2-MWCNT composites are prepared through a hydrothermal method, followed by Pt deposition using a polyol method. Crystal structure, morphology, and oxidation state are examined through various characterization techniques. Electrochemical performance of TiO2-nanowire/MWCNT composite-supported Pt at various ratios of TiO2/MWCNT is assessed in PEFCs. Pt on support with optimum composition of TiO2-nanowires to MWCNTs exhibits fuel cell performance superior to Pt onMWCNTs. Accelerated stress testing (AST) between 1 and 1.5 V reveals that the designed catalyst on nanocomposite support possesses superior electrochemical activity and shows only 16% loss in catalytic activity in relation to 35% for Pt/MWCNTs even after 6000 potential cycles. Subsequently, the samples were characterized after AST to correlate the loss in fuel cell performance","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134175702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-13DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2016-0003
G. Tulskiy, A. Tulskaya, L. Skatkov, V. Gomozov, S. Deribo
Abstract A new active composite coating for graphite gas diffusion electrode for hybrid sulfur cycle was proposed. The kinetics of oxidation of SO2 were studied on porous graphite anodes with different catalytic coatings. It was shown that the most efficient composite coating is based on activated carbon and platinum supported on graphite gas diffusion substrate. The voltage drop in the laboratory electrochemical cell was 1.3 V at a current density of 1000 A·m−2. This corresponds to a specific consumption of 3.1 kWh electric energy per 1 m3 of hydrogen.
{"title":"Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen with depolarization of the anodic process","authors":"G. Tulskiy, A. Tulskaya, L. Skatkov, V. Gomozov, S. Deribo","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new active composite coating for graphite gas diffusion electrode for hybrid sulfur cycle was proposed. The kinetics of oxidation of SO2 were studied on porous graphite anodes with different catalytic coatings. It was shown that the most efficient composite coating is based on activated carbon and platinum supported on graphite gas diffusion substrate. The voltage drop in the laboratory electrochemical cell was 1.3 V at a current density of 1000 A·m−2. This corresponds to a specific consumption of 3.1 kWh electric energy per 1 m3 of hydrogen.","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122270035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2016-0001
Mahendra S. Gaikwad, C. Balomajumder
Abstract This mini review deals with a recently developing water purification technology, i.e. capacitive deionization. It presents the current progress achieved with polymer coated electrodes in capacitive deionization for desalination. The introduction covers capacitive deionization, application of polymer or polymer composite in capacitive deionization electrode, comparative study and discussion on fabrication of electrode. This paper aims at indicating novel research prospects in capacitive deionization technology for desalination.
{"title":"Polymer coated Capacitive Deionization Electrode for Desalination: A mini review","authors":"Mahendra S. Gaikwad, C. Balomajumder","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This mini review deals with a recently developing water purification technology, i.e. capacitive deionization. It presents the current progress achieved with polymer coated electrodes in capacitive deionization for desalination. The introduction covers capacitive deionization, application of polymer or polymer composite in capacitive deionization electrode, comparative study and discussion on fabrication of electrode. This paper aims at indicating novel research prospects in capacitive deionization technology for desalination.","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128559725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2016-0002
J. Vondrak, M. Musil, M. Sedlaříková, R. Kořínek, K. Bartusek, A. Fedorková
Abstract Ionic mobility and solvent vapor pressure were studied on gels containing sodium perchlorate, polymethylmethacrylate and sulfolane as a solvent. The excess of solvent increases markedly the mobility of ions and is indicated by solvent evaporation at elevated temperature. The solvent is bonded similarly as in the liquid solution of sodium salt. The heat of solvent evaporation from gels is near to that of pure solvents.
{"title":"The role of the solvent in PMMA gel polymer electrolytes","authors":"J. Vondrak, M. Musil, M. Sedlaříková, R. Kořínek, K. Bartusek, A. Fedorková","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ionic mobility and solvent vapor pressure were studied on gels containing sodium perchlorate, polymethylmethacrylate and sulfolane as a solvent. The excess of solvent increases markedly the mobility of ions and is indicated by solvent evaporation at elevated temperature. The solvent is bonded similarly as in the liquid solution of sodium salt. The heat of solvent evaporation from gels is near to that of pure solvents.","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128692148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-23DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2016-0005
R. Holze
At the very beginning (and still thereafter) electrodes (not exactly the proper designation following W. Nernst) for electrolytic and galvanic processes (think of chloralkaline, aluminum production, copper refining) were flat and smooth ones, only some coarse surface structuring supporting gas bubble transport was applied sometimes. On the contrary electrodes in electrochemical conversion and storage devices were non-flat (with the notable exception of lithium, zinc and copper in primary batteries). Even today this contrast persists, only recently packed bed electrodes, i.e. porous bodies, have been suggested for some electroorganic processes [1]. The reasons are wellknown: Many of the electrode reactions in the latter devices proceed at fairly low rates causing possibly large charge transfer overpotentials. And because overpotentials (in this case more precisely charge transfer or activation overpotentials) are related by the Butler-Volmer equation to the charge transfer current density increasing the operating surface area is the most obvious way to smaller overpotentials. These porous electrodes provide further benefits beyond the large surface area: They enable the establishment of stable three-phase boundaries in gasdiffusion electrodes. A proper distinction between these basically two classes of electrodes has never been clearly established. At first glance the flat ones can be called 2D, the non flat 3D. A rough electrode with a low roughness factor (the ratio of the true area vs. the apparent or geometric surface area; numerous methods to determine electrochemically active surface areas are known [2]) may still appear flat and may thus be assigned to the first class but where
{"title":"The modeling gap: What we are missing between molecular dynamics of electrode reactions and simulation of battery packs","authors":"R. Holze","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"At the very beginning (and still thereafter) electrodes (not exactly the proper designation following W. Nernst) for electrolytic and galvanic processes (think of chloralkaline, aluminum production, copper refining) were flat and smooth ones, only some coarse surface structuring supporting gas bubble transport was applied sometimes. On the contrary electrodes in electrochemical conversion and storage devices were non-flat (with the notable exception of lithium, zinc and copper in primary batteries). Even today this contrast persists, only recently packed bed electrodes, i.e. porous bodies, have been suggested for some electroorganic processes [1]. The reasons are wellknown: Many of the electrode reactions in the latter devices proceed at fairly low rates causing possibly large charge transfer overpotentials. And because overpotentials (in this case more precisely charge transfer or activation overpotentials) are related by the Butler-Volmer equation to the charge transfer current density increasing the operating surface area is the most obvious way to smaller overpotentials. These porous electrodes provide further benefits beyond the large surface area: They enable the establishment of stable three-phase boundaries in gasdiffusion electrodes. A proper distinction between these basically two classes of electrodes has never been clearly established. At first glance the flat ones can be called 2D, the non flat 3D. A rough electrode with a low roughness factor (the ratio of the true area vs. the apparent or geometric surface area; numerous methods to determine electrochemically active surface areas are known [2]) may still appear flat and may thus be assigned to the first class but where","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132724054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-04DOI: 10.1515/eetech-2016-0004
Mahendra S. Gaikwad, C. Balomajumder
Abstract A mini review of a recently developing water purification technology capacitive deionization (CDI) applied for removal of pollutant ions is provided. The current progress of CDI for removal of different pollutant ions such as arsenic, fluoride, boron, phosphate, lithium, copper, cadmium, ferric, and nitrate ions is presented. This paper aims at motivating new research opportunities in capacitive deionization technology for removal of pollutant ions from polluted water.
{"title":"Current Progress of Capacitive Deionization for Removal of Pollutant Ions","authors":"Mahendra S. Gaikwad, C. Balomajumder","doi":"10.1515/eetech-2016-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2016-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A mini review of a recently developing water purification technology capacitive deionization (CDI) applied for removal of pollutant ions is provided. The current progress of CDI for removal of different pollutant ions such as arsenic, fluoride, boron, phosphate, lithium, copper, cadmium, ferric, and nitrate ions is presented. This paper aims at motivating new research opportunities in capacitive deionization technology for removal of pollutant ions from polluted water.","PeriodicalId":443383,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical Energy Technology","volume":"447 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122474903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：