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Rules-Based Optimal Mitigation of Economic Uncertainty 基于规则的经济不确定性最优缓解
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2023.19.1.3
Pei-Tha Gan, K. Kwek
A notable attribute of the empirical studies on monetary rules is that few published articles rely on the normative evaluation in eliminating unwanted economic uncertainty. To prevail over this shortcoming, this paper introduces the optimal mitigation of economic uncertainty and determines its applicability through a sample of 14 selected countries. Using the combination of the theoretically derived optimal mitigation of economic uncertainty with the empirical estimations leads to specific monetary rules. The findings of this paper provide some policy implications; the optimal mitigation of economic uncertainty can characterise the optimal use of the interest rate and exchange rate to eliminate economic uncertainty and serve as a monetary policy guide in the adjustment process to restore macroeconomic conditions of the equilibrium that eventually promote the best macroeconomic outcomes.
货币规则实证研究的一个显著特点是,很少有已发表的文章依靠规范性评估来消除不必要的经济不确定性。为了克服这一缺点,本文引入了经济不确定性的最优缓解,并通过选定的14个国家的样本确定了其适用性。将理论推导的经济不确定性最优缓解与经验估计相结合,得出具体的货币规则。本文的研究结果提供了一些政策启示;最优缓解经济不确定性的特点是最优地利用利率和汇率来消除经济不确定性,并在调整过程中作为货币政策指南,以恢复均衡的宏观经济条件,最终促进最佳的宏观经济结果。
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引用次数: 0
Stock Liquidity and Cash Holdings: Evidence from Malaysia 股票流动性与现金持有:来自马来西亚的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2023.19.1.4
Shiang Shen Kwan, Roy W. L. Khong, Woan Ting Hung
The level of cash held by listed companies has raised academic interest. In particular, many studies have been conducted to understand the reason why companies hold so much cash. Previous studies on the determinants of cash holdings have focused on firm-specific characteristics. More recently, researchers have found that stock liquidity played an important role in explaining the cash holding behaviour. This study examines the effect of stock liquidity on cash holdings among listed companies in Malaysia. The findings indicate that stock liquidity has a positive impact on cash holdings. This suggests that companies have a higher propensity to hold cash to repurchase its own stocks, which resulted in higher stock liquidity.
上市公司持有的现金水平引起了学术界的兴趣。特别是,已经进行了许多研究来了解公司持有如此多现金的原因。以往关于现金持有决定因素的研究都集中在企业的特定特征上。最近,研究人员发现,股票流动性在解释现金持有行为方面发挥了重要作用。本研究考察了股票流动性对马来西亚上市公司现金持有量的影响。研究结果表明,股票流动性对现金持有量有积极影响。这表明,公司更倾向于持有现金回购自己的股票,这导致了更高的股票流动性。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Industry-Adjusted Profitability and S-Curve Targeted Industry on Capital Structure: Evidence from Thailand 行业调整盈利能力和s曲线目标行业对资本结构的影响:来自泰国的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2023.19.1.9
Sirada Nuanpradit
This study examines the impact of industry-adjusted profitability and S-curve targeted industries under an innovation-driven economy on firms’ capital structures in Thailand. The results demonstrate that a superior degree of industry-adjusted profitability reduces the need for debt financing. Within the industry, franchise and harvest firms with sufficient earnings have a lower debt overhang than under-performing firms. Furthermore, the S-curve targeted industries, which typically use debt to finance their expensive investments, appear to use fewer loans when they feel pressured by the investment support policy to intensify research and development (R&D) activities. Overall, in the emerging market geared toward a new economic roadmap, firms’ capital structures are shaped by competitive performance as well as industry and policy forces.
本研究考察了创新驱动经济下行业调整后的盈利能力和S曲线目标行业对泰国企业资本结构的影响。结果表明,行业调整后的盈利能力越高,对债务融资的需求就越少。在行业内,收入充足的特许经营和收获公司的债务负担低于表现不佳的公司。此外,以S曲线为目标的行业,通常使用债务为其昂贵的投资提供资金,当他们感到受到投资支持政策的压力,需要加强研发活动时,似乎使用更少的贷款。总体而言,在面向新经济路线图的新兴市场中,企业的资本结构由竞争表现以及行业和政策力量决定。
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引用次数: 0
Corporate Social Responsibility and Revenue Misclassification: Evidence from India 企业社会责任与收入错误分类:来自印度的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2023.19.1.8
Manish Bansal
The study examines the relationship between Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) and revenue misclassification in Indian institutional settings. Malikov et al. model has been used to operationalise revenue misclassification. Using a sample of Bombay Stock Exchange listed firms spanning over 14 years (March 2009 until March 2022), I find that CSR-oriented firms prefer revenue misclassification over expense misclassification for managing core earnings, consistent with the notion that CSR firms prefer earnings management (EM) tool having a greater relative advantage in terms of reporting favourable operating performance metrics. The subsequent tests suggest that big four auditors have a constraining effect on the revenue misclassification practices of firms. The findings alert auditors about the suspected firms (high-CSR firms) that are more likely to manage earnings through revenue misclassification and suggest authorities make more mandatory disclosure requirements for recording revenue items to curb the corporate misfeasance of revenue misclassification.
该研究考察了印度制度设置下企业社会责任(CSR)与收入错误分类之间的关系。Malikov等人的模型已被用于实施收入错误分类。利用孟买证券交易所14年(2009年3月至2022年3月)的上市公司样本,我发现CSR导向的公司更喜欢收入错误分类而不是费用错误分类来管理核心收益,这与CSR公司更喜欢盈余管理(EM)工具在报告有利的经营绩效指标方面具有更大相对优势的概念一致。随后的测试表明,四大审计机构对公司的收入误分类行为具有约束作用。研究结果提醒审计人员注意那些更有可能通过收入错误分类来管理收益的可疑公司(高csr公司),并建议当局对记录收入项目制定更多强制性披露要求,以遏制公司收入错误分类的不当行为。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Cash Holdings on Firm Value: Role of Election Induced Political Uncertainty 现金持有量对企业价值的影响:选举引发的政治不确定性的作用
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2023.19.1.2
Omar Farooq, Zakir Pashayev
This paper uses presidential elections as the proxy for political uncertainties to investigate the impact of election induced political uncertainties on the relationship between cash holdings and firm value for a sample of non-financial firms from the U.S. The findings suggest that the impact of cash holdings on firm value goes down significantly during the years of presidential elections. This finding, however, is confined only to elections in which both presidential candidates are new and for firms headquartered in the states that have always voted for the Democrat candidates in the presidential elections. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the impact of political uncertainties on the relationship between cash holdings and firm value does not hold for gubernatorial elections. Our results are robust after including number of firm-specific and country-specific control variables and after taking into account potential endogeneity concerns.
本文利用总统选举作为政治不确定性的代理,对美国非金融公司样本的选举引发的政治不确定性对现金持有量与公司价值之间关系的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,在总统选举期间,现金持有量对公司价值的影响显著下降。然而,这一发现仅限于两位总统候选人都是新候选人的选举,以及总部位于在总统选举中一直投票给民主党候选人的州的公司。此外,我们的研究结果表明,政治不确定性对现金持有量和公司价值之间关系的影响不适用于州长选举。在考虑了一些特定于企业和国家的控制变量并考虑了潜在的内生性问题后,我们的结果是稳健的。
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引用次数: 0
Market Reaction to Modified Audit Opinions: A Systematic Literature Review in Both Developed and Developing Countries 市场对修改审计意见的反应:发达国家和发展中国家的系统文献综述
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2023.19.1.10
Amine El Badlaoui, Mariam Cherqaoui, Issam Er-Rami
The purpose of this paper is to review the empirical literature on value relevance of audit reports by providing current evidence on the market reaction to modified audit opinions (MAOs). This study is motivated by the argument that recent research has resolved the research designs problems raised by the pre-2010 studies that resulted in unmitigated and contradictory results. We adopt a systematic literature review based on the guidelines presented by Kitchenham et al. to review papers published between 2010 and 2020. The main findings of our review show sufficient evidence that MAOs are indeed useful to investors in making decisions in developed countries, which is evidenced by the fact that the MAOs have a negative effect on the share prices of companies. In contrast, evidence from studies conducted in developing countries shows null market reaction to MAOs, with the exception of the Chinese market, which shows a significant reaction. The methodological limitations and alternative causes behind the null market reaction to MAOs of studies conducted in developing countries are discussed in this paper.
本文的目的是通过提供市场对修改后的审计意见(MAOs)的反应的现有证据来回顾审计报告价值相关性的实证文献。这项研究的动机是,最近的研究已经解决了2010年前研究提出的研究设计问题,这些问题导致了完全矛盾的结果。我们采用基于Kitchenham等人提出的指南的系统文献综述,对2010年至2020年间发表的论文进行综述。本文的主要研究结果充分证明,在发达国家,MAOs对投资者的决策确实有用,这一点可以通过MAOs对公司股价的负面影响来证明。相比之下,在发展中国家进行的研究表明,除了中国市场表现出明显的反应外,市场对mao没有任何反应。本文讨论了在发展中国家进行的研究中市场对mao无反应的方法局限性和其他原因。
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引用次数: 1
The Hedging Ability of Gold, Silver and Bitcoin against Inflation in ASEAN Countries 东盟国家黄金、白银和比特币对通货膨胀的对冲能力
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2023.19.1.5
Shaista Arshad, Thi Hong Nhung Vu, Too Shaw Warn, Loke Mei Ying
This paper examines the hedging ability of gold, silver, and Bitcoin against inflation in ASEAN countries. The inclusion of Bitcoin as a hedge is relatively new in literature and the effect of hedging has been exacerbated post Global Financial Crisis, when the prices of precious metals have increased continuously. To serve that objective, the student-t EGARCH (1,1) model is first used to study the relationship between average asset return and inflation and next a quantile regression model is applied to explore the relationship between different quantiles of asset return and inflation. This ensures the hedging potential of each asset to be equally strong in bearish and bullish conditions. The tests show that the results from student-t EGARCH (1,1) model and quantile regression model are different while the results pre and post GFC are similar in most of the cases. The quantile regression model, which accounts for different quantiles for asset returns, indicates that gold, silver, and Bitcoin appear to be a hedge and safe haven in ASEAN countries. However, from the student-t EGARCH (1,1) model, which accounts for average asset returns, Bitcoin is a hedge asset but none of the three assets serves as a safe haven in ASEAN countries.
本文考察了东盟国家黄金、白银和比特币对通胀的对冲能力。将比特币作为对冲工具在文献中相对较新,在全球金融危机后,当贵金属价格持续上涨时,对冲的影响加剧了。为了实现这一目标,首先使用studentt-t EGARCH(1,1)模型来研究平均资产收益率与通货膨胀之间的关系,然后应用分位数回归模型来探索资产收益率的不同分位数与通胀之间的关系。这确保了每种资产在看跌和看涨条件下的对冲潜力同样强大。测试表明,studentt-t EGARCH(1,1)模型和分位数回归模型的结果不同,而GFC前后的结果在大多数情况下是相似的。分位数回归模型解释了资产回报的不同分位数,表明黄金、白银和比特币似乎是东盟国家的对冲和避风港。然而,根据studentt-t EGARCH(1,1)模型,比特币是一种对冲资产,但这三种资产都不是东盟国家的避风港。
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引用次数: 0
Innovation and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Intellectual Capital among Chinese Companies 创新与企业绩效:智力资本在中国企业中的调节作用
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2023.19.1.6
Chunya Ren, Irene Wei Kiong Ting, Qian Long Kweh, Cheng Zhang
This study examines the impact of innovation on firm performance and how intellectual capital (IC) moderates the association between innovation and firm performance. We apply an innovation index that measures the frequency of innovative related words, which appear in firm financial reports to proxy for innovation. IC is estimated through the value-added IC (VAICTM) model. This study analyses Chinese firm-year observations of financial profitability (firm value) datasets, which total 19,152 (18,276) over the years from 2007 to 2019. Results indicate that the innovation index is positively related to financial profitability and firm market value. Moreover, the moderating outcomes suggest that IC boosts the positive relationship between innovation index and firm performance. Overall, this study highlights the importance of having innovation and IC together for gaining firm competitive advantages and progressing profitably. That is, firms should be innovative and must manage their IC well.
本研究考察了创新对企业绩效的影响,以及智力资本如何调节创新与企业绩效之间的关系。我们应用了一个创新指数来衡量公司财务报告中出现的创新相关词汇的频率,以代表创新。IC是通过增值IC(VAICTM)模型来估计的。本研究分析了中国企业年度财务盈利能力(企业价值)数据集的观测结果,这些数据集在2007年至2019年期间共有19152个(18276个)。结果表明,创新指数与财务盈利能力和企业市值呈正相关。此外,调节结果表明,IC促进了创新指数与企业绩效之间的正向关系。总的来说,这项研究强调了创新和集成电路对获得企业竞争优势和盈利的重要性。也就是说,企业应该创新,必须管理好他们的IC。
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引用次数: 0
Whether Economic Policy Uncertainty Instigates an Increase in The Cash Holdings of Singaporean-Listed Firms? 经济政策的不确定性是否促使新加坡上市公司现金持有量增加?
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2023.19.1.1
Thi Huong Giang Vuong, Huu Manh Nguyen, Wing-Keung Wong
Our paper investigates how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects Singaporean-listed firms’ corporate cash holdings after the global financial crisis. We apply various technical analyses for panel models of 4,253 yearly observations. Our results indicate that the Singaporean-listed firms’ cash holdings ratio (CHR) decreases when Singapore’s EPU increases in the period 2009–2018. Further, either global EPU or U.S. EPU indicators are correlated negatively with Singaporean-listed firms’ cash reserves. The corporate managers’ precautionary motive was not urged by the rise of EPU in the Singapore market. On the other hand, our empirical evidence suggests that Singapore’s corporate managers have an explicit speculative incentive in the context of the increased EPU in the post-financial crisis period. This research provides evidence that is at odds with the corporate managers’ classical view on precautionary cash savings in the context of the increased uncertainty of economic policy.
本文研究了全球金融危机后经济政策的不确定性对新加坡上市公司现金持有量的影响。我们对4253个年度观测的面板模型进行了各种技术分析。我们的研究结果表明,在2009-2018年期间,新加坡上市公司的现金持有率随着新加坡EPU的增加而下降。此外,全球EPU或美国EPU指标与新加坡上市公司的现金储备呈负相关。EPU在新加坡市场的兴起并没有促使企业经理们采取预防措施。另一方面,我们的实证证据表明,在后金融危机时期EPU增加的背景下,新加坡的企业经理有明确的投机动机。这项研究提供的证据与企业经理在经济政策不确定性增加的背景下预防性现金储蓄的经典观点不一致。
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引用次数: 1
Does Uncertainty Affect Corporate Investment Decisions? Evidence from Turkish Firms 不确定性会影响企业投资决策吗?土耳其公司提供的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2022.18.2.5
O. Tan, Hakan Cavlak, Yasin Cebeci, Necati Güneş
In this study, we analyse the impact of uncertainty on the corporate investment of 164 Turkish manufacturing firms. The time covers the period from 2005 to 2019. Our results reveal that there is a negative association between corporate investment and uncertainty. Under uncertainty, firms opt to decline their investment. Additionally, financially constrained (non-dividend payers) firms are negatively affected more than financially unconstrained firms. The use of alternative measurements of uncertainty and investment ensures the validity of our results. Policymakers should deal with the uncertainty and implement economic policies to decrease the country’s risk premium.
在这项研究中,我们分析了不确定性对164家土耳其制造业公司企业投资的影响。时间涵盖2005年至2019年。我们的研究结果表明,企业投资与不确定性之间存在负相关。在不确定的情况下,企业选择减少投资。此外,财务受限的(非股息支付者)公司比财务不受限的公司受到的负面影响更大。不确定性和投资的替代测量方法的使用确保了我们的结果的有效性。政策制定者应该应对不确定性,实施经济政策以降低国家的风险溢价。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance
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