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Do State Ownership and Business Environment Explain Corporate Cash Holdings? Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Country 国有制和商业环境能解释企业现金持有量吗?来自一个新兴国家的经验证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2021.17.1.1
Tran Thai Ha Nguyen, W. Wong
This study evaluates the relationship between state ownership and corporate cash holdings by taking into account the role of the business environment in the context of an emerging economy. Both linear and non-linear models are employed for listed enterprises’ financial data during the period from 2011 to 2019 in Vietnam. The empirical results show that state ownership reduces the corporate cash holdings in the linear model, and there is a U-shaped relation between corporate cash holdings and state ownership in a non-linear manner. By using the extended models, this study obtains consistent evidence to show that corporates reduce their cash holdings when the business environment becomes better and vice versa. Specifically, we find that the speed of cash adjustment in Vietnam is smaller than that in the developed countries, implying that corporates can shelter their liquid assets in order to avoid the negative effects stemming from agency problems between managers and state-shareholders. However, they are willing to hold more cash because of the mitigated agency problems in the case of the dominant state ownership. Ultimately, the business environment’s quality will have more power in determining the behaviour of corporates’ cash holding to meet market risks than state ownership. This study contributes to financial literature by determining the business environment’s critical role in the relationship between state ownership and corporate cash holdings.
本研究通过考虑商业环境在新兴经济背景下的作用,评估了国家所有权和企业现金持有之间的关系。越南2011年至2019年上市企业财务数据采用线性和非线性模型。实证结果表明,在线性模型中,国家所有制减少了企业现金持有量,企业现金持有与国家所有制之间存在非线性U型关系。通过使用扩展模型,本研究获得了一致的证据,表明当商业环境变得更好时,企业会减少现金持有量,反之亦然。具体而言,我们发现越南的现金调整速度小于发达国家,这意味着企业可以保护其流动资产,以避免管理者和国有股东之间的代理问题带来的负面影响。然而,他们愿意持有更多的现金,因为在国家所有权占主导地位的情况下,代理问题得到了缓解。最终,商业环境的质量将比国家所有权在决定企业现金持有以应对市场风险的行为方面更具影响力。本研究通过确定商业环境在国家所有权和公司现金持有量之间关系中的关键作用,为金融文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 12
Corporate Pension Systems and Pension Funding Status in ASEAN Countries 东盟国家企业年金制度与养老基金状况
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2021.17.1.6
Eriko Kasaoka
National pension systems will vary among countries because of several factors. The role of the corporate pension in sustaining and supporting a country’s retirees is also different among nations. There are two main pension plans defined in International Accounting Standard No. 19: Employee Benefits, namely, defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans. The defined benefit plan requires a company to recognise its pension funding status on the balance sheet. In contrast, in a defined contribution plan, only the contribution amount to the plan is recognised as an expense on the firm’s income statement. The aim of this paper is to investigate in ASEAN countries the relationship between the presence of corporate pension plans and specific financial factors in companies. The result of the empirical research shows companies with higher profitability and efficiency tend to provide corporate pension plans to their employees.
由于几个因素,各国的养老金制度会有所不同。企业养老金在维持和支持一个国家退休人员方面的作用也因国而异。《国际会计准则第19号:雇员福利》规定了两种主要的养老金计划,即设定受益计划和设定缴款计划。固定收益计划要求公司在资产负债表上确认其养老金资金状况。相比之下,在固定缴款计划中,只有该计划的缴款金额被确认为公司损益表上的费用。本文的目的是调查东盟国家企业养老金计划的存在与公司特定财务因素之间的关系。实证研究结果表明,盈利能力和效率较高的企业倾向于为员工提供企业养老金计划。
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引用次数: 0
Does the Adoption Process of Financial Technology in Africa Follow an Inverted U-Shaped Hypothesis? An Evaluation of Rogers Diffusion of Innovation Theory 金融技术在非洲的采用过程是否遵循倒u型假说?罗杰斯创新扩散理论述评
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2021.17.1.10
T. Okoli, D. Tewari
As the global financial system evolves towards a technology-enabled financial solution-Fintech, its implication to the future of the financial system becomes a policy concern. This study investigates non-linear/inverted U-shaped Fintech adoption process among a panel of 32 African countries spanning from 2002–2018. The study argues that Fintech adoption in Africa will continue to rise and not follow the inverted U-shaped process if sustained through greater trade openness. The dynamic system GMM techniques found a strong evidence for an inverted U- shaped adoption process for the 32 African markets and 24 frontier African markets but violated among the emerging (N = 3) and fragile (N = 5) groups. The first lag of Fintech compatibility and the contemporaneous levels of relativeadvantage, complexity, trial-ability and observe-ability were its main determinants. The study concludes that Fintech will be replaced with new innovations in future irrespective of possible sustainability strategy. The need to strengthen African financial markets’ innovativeness to have a competitive edge on Fintech’s replacement is stressed.
随着全球金融体系向技术驱动的金融解决方案——金融科技(fintech)发展,其对金融体系未来的影响成为一个政策问题。本研究调查了2002年至2018年期间32个非洲国家的非线性/倒u型金融科技采用过程。该研究认为,如果通过更大的贸易开放来维持,非洲的金融科技采用率将继续上升,而不是遵循倒u型过程。动态系统GMM技术在32个非洲市场和24个前沿非洲市场中发现了倒U型采用过程的有力证据,但在新兴(N = 3)和脆弱(N = 5)群体中却没有。金融科技兼容性的第一次滞后以及相对优势、复杂性、试验能力和可观察性的同期水平是其主要决定因素。该研究的结论是,无论可能的可持续发展战略如何,金融科技将在未来被新的创新所取代。强调需要加强非洲金融市场的创新性,以便在金融科技的替代方面具有竞争优势。
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引用次数: 1
Capital Structure and Performance: Examination of Managerial Ability as Moderating Role 资本结构与绩效:管理能力的调节作用考察
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2021.17.1.7
Alex Johanes Simamora
The debate on capital structure contribution occurs in many studies of finance. This research aims to examine the moderating role of managerial ability on the effect of capital structure on firms’ performance. The research sample includes 383 manufacturing firms years listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The capital structure is measured by the leverage variables. Managerial ability is measured by a manager-specific efficiency score. The analysis method uses firm and year fixed effect regression tests. Based on the result, higher debts can improve firms’ performance when higher managerial ability occurs. Managers with managerial ability can promote the debt benefits and mitigate the cost of the debt so that the use of debt can increase firms’ performance. This research provides new evidence that managerial ability can fill the gap of inconsistent previous findings of the relationship between capital structure and performance.
关于资本结构贡献的争论出现在许多金融研究中。本研究旨在探讨管理能力对资本结构对企业绩效影响的调节作用。研究样本包括383家在印尼证券交易所上市的制造业公司。资本结构由杠杆变量衡量。管理能力是通过管理者特定的效率得分来衡量的。分析方法采用固定效应和固定年效应回归检验。研究结果表明,当企业管理能力提高时,负债水平越高,企业绩效越好。具有管理能力的管理者可以提高债务收益,降低债务成本,从而使债务的使用提高企业绩效。本研究提供了新的证据,证明管理能力可以填补以往关于资本结构与绩效关系的不一致的研究结果的空白。
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引用次数: 1
Is There Any Influence of Other Cryptocurrencies on Bitcoin? 其他加密货币对比特币有影响吗?
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2021.17.1.5
J. Hossain, M. Ismail
In recent years, cryptocurrency or virtual currency is becoming an essential medium of exchange in consumer and domestic trading. Nevertheless, the trading values of cryptocurrency compared to real money are very uncertain and can change dramatically. This article is aimed to assess the uncertainty or volatility of cryptocurrencies, mostly on Bitcoin. In the digital currencies market, Bitcoin is a widely accepted currency. Other digital currencies of the market may influence Bitcoin. For example, Ethereum, Litecoin, Zcash, Monero, Dash and Ripple have a positive impact on Bitcoin. Previous research only focuses on Bitcoin and other markets such as stock markets, energy markets, and exchange rates. However, here we focus on interlinkages and volatility dynamics within cryptocurrency markets by applying some econometrics models. In this article, we have shown that the relationship between Bitcoin and other currencies can be modelled in the ARCH, GARCH, VAR and MGARCH framework. Forecast values of the GARCH (3,3) model are given very close to the original data. VAR stability result shows that the model is stable. Using the CCC, VCC, and DCC of the MGARCH model on daily returns from 1st January 2017 to 15th March 2019, we found significant volatility and strong correlations between the variables.
近年来,加密货币或虚拟货币正在成为消费者和国内交易的重要交换媒介。尽管如此,与真实货币相比,加密货币的交易价值非常不确定,可能会发生巨大变化。本文旨在评估加密货币(主要是比特币)的不确定性或波动性。在数字货币市场上,比特币是一种被广泛接受的货币。市场上的其他数字货币可能会影响比特币。例如,以太坊、莱特币、Zcash、Monero、达世币和Ripple对比特币有积极影响。之前的研究只关注比特币和其他市场,如股票市场、能源市场和汇率。然而,在这里,我们通过应用一些计量经济学模型来关注加密货币市场内的相互联系和波动动态。在本文中,我们已经表明,比特币和其他货币之间的关系可以在ARCH、GARCH、VAR和MGARCH框架中建模。GARCH(3,3)模型的预测值与原始数据非常接近。VAR稳定性结果表明该模型是稳定的。使用MGARCH模型的CCC、VCC和DCC对2017年1月1日至2019年3月15日的日回报率进行分析,我们发现变量之间存在显著的波动性和强相关性。
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引用次数: 1
Corporate Governance Spillover through Bootstrapping and ASEAN Bidder CBMA Success 企业治理溢出与东盟投标人CBMA成功
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2021.17.1.9
N. Rahim, Ruhani Ali, E. Chu
This study aims to examine whether the difference in country-level corporate governance between ASEAN bidding and the target country could explain the performance change (Tobin’s Q) following a Cross-border merger and acquisition (CBMA); hence, the CBMA success. Using 142 CBMAs involving ASEAN firms as the bidder over the period 2002 to 2013, the study found that the difference in country-level corporate governance could result in corporate governance spillover through bootstrapping. This has resulted in the improvement of ASEAN bidder corporate governance and positively affected the CBMA success. However, the improvement must be large enough to outweigh the high acquisition cost.
本研究旨在检验东盟投标和目标国家在国家层面的公司治理差异是否可以解释跨境并购后的绩效变化(Tobin’s Q);因此,CBMA取得了成功。该研究使用了2002年至2013年期间涉及东盟公司的142个CBMA作为投标人,发现国家层面公司治理的差异可能导致公司治理通过自举溢出。这改善了东盟投标人的公司治理,并对CBMA的成功产生了积极影响。然而,改进必须足够大,以超过高昂的采购成本。
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引用次数: 0
Family Ownership and Accrual-Based Earnings Management: Evidence from Tunisia 家族所有权与权责发生制盈余管理:来自突尼斯的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2021.17.1.4
Atika Ben Gamra, D. Ellouze
The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of family shareholding and chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics on earnings management. We use panel data for a sample of 37 Tunisian non-financial listed firms over the period 2007–2017. We contribute to the literature on corporate governance in family firms by testing the effect of the presence of a family or a founder CEO on earnings management in Tunisia. Our results show that the family ownership and the presence of a family CEO (either founder or not) are positively and significantly associated with earnings management practices. These findings suggest that families’ dominance with a significant equity stake and a CEO position under control leads to an entrenchment effect resulting in poor earnings reporting quality.
本文的目的是探讨家族持股和首席执行官(CEO)特征对盈余管理的影响。我们使用2007-2017年期间37家突尼斯非金融上市公司样本的面板数据。我们通过测试家族或创始人CEO的存在对突尼斯盈余管理的影响,为家族企业公司治理的文献做出贡献。我们的研究结果表明,家族所有权和家族CEO(无论是创始人还是非创始人)的存在与盈余管理实践呈正相关。这些发现表明,拥有大量股权的家族主导地位和控制CEO职位导致堑壕效应,从而导致较差的收益报告质量。
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引用次数: 1
Moderating Role of Financial Market Development on the Relationship between Stock Liquidity and Dividend 金融市场发展对股票流动性与股利关系的调节作用
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2020.16.2.4
M. Bakri, A. N. Bany-Ariffin, B. T. Matemilola, W. Lau
This article aims to investigate the relationship between stock liquidity and dividend across emerging market countries as well as examined the moderating role of financial market development on the relationship between stock liquidity and dividend. Data were obtained from the World Bank and DataStream databases. The study examined 3,258 listed firms from 22 emerging markets to be extrapolated in the emerging market context. To analyse the data, this article used the panel data Tobit model and panel logistic regression, both with random effects. The analysis revealed that financial market development has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between stock liquidity and dividend by improving local market liquidity and mitigating information asymmetry. The study findings provide information for managers to devise investment strategy in the emerging markets. This article provides new insights into the financial market development moderating role on the relationship between stock liquidity and dividend.
本文旨在研究新兴市场国家股票流动性与股息之间的关系,并考察金融市场发展对股票流动性和股息之间关系的调节作用。数据来自世界银行和数据流数据库。该研究调查了来自22个新兴市场的3258家上市公司,以在新兴市场背景下进行推断。为了分析数据,本文使用了面板数据Tobit模型和面板逻辑回归,两者都具有随机效应。分析表明,金融市场的发展通过改善当地市场的流动性和缓解信息不对称,对股票流动性与股息之间的关系具有积极的调节作用。研究结果为经理人制定新兴市场投资策略提供了信息。本文对金融市场发展对股票流动性和股息关系的调节作用提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 5
The Influence of Sustainable Earnings on Stock Price: Evidence from Publicly Listed Vietnamese Business Enterprises 可持续盈利对股价的影响——来自越南上市企业的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2020.16.2.5
Nhung Do, Nha Van Tue Pham
Expected earnings and stock price are important determinants of investors’ decision. This research is conducted to estimate earnings persistence and examine the relationship between sustainable earnings on price-to-earning (P/E) ratio based on financial statements’ information of 631 publicly listed non-financial companies on Vietnam’s stock market, by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Logit function. The results show that earnings persistence depends on net operating assets growth, profit margin changes, operating asset turnover changes and past profitability. Besides, both the sustainable and unsustainable components of earnings growth are proved to empirically affect P/E ratio, even though investors underreact to sustainable earnings and overreact to unsustainable earnings. This study helps to improve investors’ perception of their future earnings, investment value and companies’ sustainable growth, particularly in the context of developing stock market of Vietnam which is full of market anomalies.
预期收益和股价是投资者决策的重要决定因素。本研究以越南股市631家上市非金融公司的财务报表信息为基础,运用普通最小二乘法和Logit函数,对盈余持续性进行了估计,并检验了可持续市盈率之间的关系。结果表明,盈利持续性取决于净经营资产增长、利润率变化、经营资产周转率变化和过去盈利能力。此外,收益增长的可持续和不可持续成分都被证明会影响市盈率,尽管投资者对可持续收益反应不足,对不可持续收益反应过度。本研究有助于提高投资者对其未来收益、投资价值和公司可持续增长的感知,特别是在越南股市充满市场异常的发展背景下。
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引用次数: 0
Executive Compensation, Ownership Structure and Dividend Payout: Evidence from Malaysia 高管薪酬、股权结构与股利支付——来自马来西亚的证据
IF 0.9 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.21315/aamjaf2020.16.2.3
Ravichandran Subramaniam, Chee Ghee Teh, Murugasu Thangarajah
This study seeks to present the relationship between executive compensation, dividend payout policy and ownership structure of listed firms in Malaysia. We examine a panel data on a sample of 300 of the largest Malaysian public listed companies (PLCs) on Bursa Malaysia for the years 2008 to 2014. Based on 2,009 firm-year observations, our results show consistent empirical positive evidence on the association between dividend payout and executive compensation across all models. However, the results are inconsistent with Bhattacharyya model of dividend payout. Further, there is evidence that government and family ownerships are positively associated with dividend payout. Our results show that the positive relationship between executive compensation and dividend payout is more evident in politically connected firms (PCON firms) which is consistent with the clientele (catering) theory.
本研究旨在探讨马来西亚上市公司高管薪酬、股利支付政策与股权结构之间的关系。我们研究了2008年至2014年马来西亚证券交易所300家最大的马来西亚上市公司(plc)样本的面板数据。基于2009年的公司年度观察,我们的研究结果显示,所有模型中股息支付与高管薪酬之间存在一致的实证正证据。然而,结果与Bhattacharyya股息支付模型不一致。此外,有证据表明,政府和家族所有权与股息支付呈正相关。我们的研究结果表明,高管薪酬与股息支付之间的正相关关系在政治关联公司(PCON公司)中更为明显,这与客户(迎合)理论相一致。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance
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