Christopher C. Zarour, Kaitlin M. Zaki-Metias, Tima F. Tawil, Huijuan Wang, Stephen M. Seedial
{"title":"Postpartum Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage Secondary to Ovarian Artery Pseudoaneurysm","authors":"Christopher C. Zarour, Kaitlin M. Zaki-Metias, Tima F. Tawil, Huijuan Wang, Stephen M. Seedial","doi":"10.37549/ar2941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37549/ar2941","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44386,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139294087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The landscape of diagnostic evaluation and treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) is rapidly changing. While there is still no cure for AD, recent developments are bringing increased hope to the millions of Americans suffering from this progressively debilitating condition. Here we offer an overview of recent regulatory, treatment, and imaging developments that promise to significantly impact AD patients, their families, their physicians, and neuroimaging specialists. An estimated 6.7 million Americans suffer from AD, which doubles in prevalence every five years after the age of 65.1,2 One in three seniors will die of dementia.1 Since 2000, death from heart disease has decreased by 7%, but death from AD has increased by 145%.1 Conventional and quantitative brain MRI, as well as fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), amyloid, and tau PET are utilized in the evaluation and clinical care pathway for dementia patients (Figures 1-4). With the recent emergence of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for AD, neuroradiologists will play a critical role in the detection and characterization of treatment-related complications.
{"title":"Alzheimer Disease Imaging in the Era of Anti-Amyloid Treatment","authors":"Suzie Bash, Lawrence N. Tanenbaum","doi":"10.37549/ar2918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37549/ar2918","url":null,"abstract":"The landscape of diagnostic evaluation and treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) is rapidly changing. While there is still no cure for AD, recent developments are bringing increased hope to the millions of Americans suffering from this progressively debilitating condition. Here we offer an overview of recent regulatory, treatment, and imaging developments that promise to significantly impact AD patients, their families, their physicians, and neuroimaging specialists. An estimated 6.7 million Americans suffer from AD, which doubles in prevalence every five years after the age of 65.1,2 One in three seniors will die of dementia.1 Since 2000, death from heart disease has decreased by 7%, but death from AD has increased by 145%.1 Conventional and quantitative brain MRI, as well as fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), amyloid, and tau PET are utilized in the evaluation and clinical care pathway for dementia patients (Figures 1-4). With the recent emergence of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for AD, neuroradiologists will play a critical role in the detection and characterization of treatment-related complications.","PeriodicalId":44386,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Guide to the Fellowship Match","authors":"Yasha Parikh Gupta","doi":"10.37549/ar2920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37549/ar2920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44386,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and a major cause of cancer mortality among women in Tanzania, second only to cervical cancer.1,2 The fiveyear survival rate of breast cancer in Tanzania is 45%, compared to 90% in the United States.3 In Tanzania, 80% of cases are diagnosed at later stages (III or IV), compared to only 35% in the United States.2-5 Furthermore, breast cancer incidence and mortality in Tanzania are projected to increase by 80% by 2030.2 Improving breast cancer mortality requires early detection, accurate diagnosis and staging, and tissue sampling to determine receptor status and guide chemotherapy. Multiple barriers delay the presentation of breast cancer patients in in Tanzania. These include a lack of basic knowledge and awareness, stigma associated with the disease, and financial and local healthcare system barriers.5 Local barriers, such as limited access to diagnostic services, a lack of trained personnel able to recognize early signs of breast cancer, and broken referral pathways, Meeting the Need for Breast Imaging Training in Tanzania
{"title":"Meeting the Need for Breast Imaging Training in Tanzania","authors":"Toma S. Omofoye, Zuhura Nkurumbih, Frank J. Minja","doi":"10.37549/ar2921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37549/ar2921","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and a major cause of cancer mortality among women in Tanzania, second only to cervical cancer.1,2 The fiveyear survival rate of breast cancer in Tanzania is 45%, compared to 90% in the United States.3 In Tanzania, 80% of cases are diagnosed at later stages (III or IV), compared to only 35% in the United States.2-5 Furthermore, breast cancer incidence and mortality in Tanzania are projected to increase by 80% by 2030.2 Improving breast cancer mortality requires early detection, accurate diagnosis and staging, and tissue sampling to determine receptor status and guide chemotherapy. Multiple barriers delay the presentation of breast cancer patients in in Tanzania. These include a lack of basic knowledge and awareness, stigma associated with the disease, and financial and local healthcare system barriers.5 Local barriers, such as limited access to diagnostic services, a lack of trained personnel able to recognize early signs of breast cancer, and broken referral pathways, Meeting the Need for Breast Imaging Training in Tanzania","PeriodicalId":44386,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erica Li, Richard B. Towbin, Carrie M. Schaefer, Alexander J. Towbin
Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) refer to an unusual lesion of the pulmonary airways which combines features of hamartoma malformation and dysplastic proliferation. CPAM includes cystic pulmonary airway malformations, bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cysts, hybrid lesions and lobar/segmental emphysema causing respiratory distress in 20-40% of affected babies in the postnatal period. The remaining cases continue asymptomatic or develop symptoms later in life such as chest infections. Most CPAM can be detected on the 20-week antenatal ultrasound increasing the diagnostic yield if MRI is utilized. Children with symptoms early in life are managed with surgery. The management of asymptomatic CPAM is a source of controversy in the literature. CPAM is classified 0 to IV. Type 0 is very rare described as acinar aplasia or agenesis and incompatible with life. Type I the most common is primarily macrocystic with large single or multiple cysts several centimeters in size. Type II is microcystic and associated with other anomalies. Type III appears more solid or with very small cysts similar to immature lungs without bronchi. Type IV originates from the acinus and present with small cysts on the periphery of the lung lobes. Once a cystic lesion is detected in antenatal ultrasound, the location, volume, size, macrocystic or microcystic classification and blood supply should be evaluated. CPAM volume to head circumference ratio (CVR) greater than 1.6 results in fetal demise in about 80% of cases without fetal intervention. CVR < 1.6 will often not continue to grow past the 28th week of gestation. The reasons used to remove asymptomatic lesions in the first year of life include the rate of empyema, abscess, recurrent pneumonia, air leak, pneumothorax and malignancy. Almost 25% of asymptomatic children show histologic evidence of infection. CPAM have a long-term risk of malignancy. Multiple courses of antenatal betamethasone for high-risk fetal CPAM often results in favorable short-term outcomes without the need for open fetal resection.
{"title":"Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation","authors":"Erica Li, Richard B. Towbin, Carrie M. Schaefer, Alexander J. Towbin","doi":"10.37549/ar2924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37549/ar2924","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) refer to an unusual lesion of the pulmonary airways which combines features of hamartoma malformation and dysplastic proliferation. CPAM includes cystic pulmonary airway malformations, bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cysts, hybrid lesions and lobar/segmental emphysema causing respiratory distress in 20-40% of affected babies in the postnatal period. The remaining cases continue asymptomatic or develop symptoms later in life such as chest infections. Most CPAM can be detected on the 20-week antenatal ultrasound increasing the diagnostic yield if MRI is utilized. Children with symptoms early in life are managed with surgery. The management of asymptomatic CPAM is a source of controversy in the literature. CPAM is classified 0 to IV. Type 0 is very rare described as acinar aplasia or agenesis and incompatible with life. Type I the most common is primarily macrocystic with large single or multiple cysts several centimeters in size. Type II is microcystic and associated with other anomalies. Type III appears more solid or with very small cysts similar to immature lungs without bronchi. Type IV originates from the acinus and present with small cysts on the periphery of the lung lobes. Once a cystic lesion is detected in antenatal ultrasound, the location, volume, size, macrocystic or microcystic classification and blood supply should be evaluated. CPAM volume to head circumference ratio (CVR) greater than 1.6 results in fetal demise in about 80% of cases without fetal intervention. CVR < 1.6 will often not continue to grow past the 28th week of gestation. The reasons used to remove asymptomatic lesions in the first year of life include the rate of empyema, abscess, recurrent pneumonia, air leak, pneumothorax and malignancy. Almost 25% of asymptomatic children show histologic evidence of infection. CPAM have a long-term risk of malignancy. Multiple courses of antenatal betamethasone for high-risk fetal CPAM often results in favorable short-term outcomes without the need for open fetal resection.","PeriodicalId":44386,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua H. Baker, David Youmans, Kurt Schoppe, Andrew Moriarty
Scope of practice (SoP) for nonphysician providers (NPPs) has long been the subject of controversy in the medical community. This includes radiology, as evidenced by the attention focused on the topic at the 2023 Centennial Meeting of the American College of Radiology (ACR). An understanding of the issues and legislative challenges surrounding SoP is relevant to practicing radiologists and radiologists-in-training. This article aims to provide a foundational review of legislative challenges, relevant research, and other important considerations pertinent to SoP as it relates to radiology.
{"title":"Scope of Practice Legislation Across the US: Current Trends in Evidence, Advocacy, and Action","authors":"Joshua H. Baker, David Youmans, Kurt Schoppe, Andrew Moriarty","doi":"10.37549/ar2927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37549/ar2927","url":null,"abstract":"Scope of practice (SoP) for nonphysician providers (NPPs) has long been the subject of controversy in the medical community. This includes radiology, as evidenced by the attention focused on the topic at the 2023 Centennial Meeting of the American College of Radiology (ACR). An understanding of the issues and legislative challenges surrounding SoP is relevant to practicing radiologists and radiologists-in-training. This article aims to provide a foundational review of legislative challenges, relevant research, and other important considerations pertinent to SoP as it relates to radiology.","PeriodicalId":44386,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An adult presented to the urology clinic with persistent scrotal pain approximately four months after emergency evaluation for a traumatic scrotal injury. The clinical exam revealed a nontender right testis with a hydrocele and a normal-size left testis with a barely palpable mass. The patient’s alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was 2.3 ng/mL and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG) level was <0.6 IU/L, both within normal range.
{"title":"Bilateral Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ with Left Testicular Seminom","authors":"James Hwang, Lauren F. Alexander","doi":"10.37549/ar2922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37549/ar2922","url":null,"abstract":"An adult presented to the urology clinic with persistent scrotal pain approximately four months after emergency evaluation for a traumatic scrotal injury. The clinical exam revealed a nontender right testis with a hydrocele and a normal-size left testis with a barely palpable mass. The patient’s alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was 2.3 ng/mL and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG) level was <0.6 IU/L, both within normal range.","PeriodicalId":44386,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rocco Hlis, Chaitanya Kalathuru, Andres Rodriguez, Kamand Khalaj, Shivani Bindal, Pedram Honarpisheh, Manish N. Shah, Meenakshi Bhattacharjee, Roy Riascos
Brain MRI demonstrated a large, right periventricular mass protruding into the lateral ventricle, with surrounding vasogenic edema, producing mass effect and resulting in subfalcine herniation and midline shift (Figure 1). Histopathologic examination demonstrated a well-delineated tumor with nodules of spindle cells with Verocay bodies, hyalinized blood vessels, loose Antoni B and compact Antoni A regions, and diffusely positive S100 immunohistochemistry (Figure 2). Findings Periventricular Schwannoma
{"title":"Periventricular Schwannoma","authors":"Rocco Hlis, Chaitanya Kalathuru, Andres Rodriguez, Kamand Khalaj, Shivani Bindal, Pedram Honarpisheh, Manish N. Shah, Meenakshi Bhattacharjee, Roy Riascos","doi":"10.37549/ar2923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37549/ar2923","url":null,"abstract":"Brain MRI demonstrated a large, right periventricular mass protruding into the lateral ventricle, with surrounding vasogenic edema, producing mass effect and resulting in subfalcine herniation and midline shift (Figure 1). Histopathologic examination demonstrated a well-delineated tumor with nodules of spindle cells with Verocay bodies, hyalinized blood vessels, loose Antoni B and compact Antoni A regions, and diffusely positive S100 immunohistochemistry (Figure 2). Findings Periventricular Schwannoma","PeriodicalId":44386,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Era for Quantitative Brain MRI Analysis","authors":"Wim Van Hecke, Lawrence N. Tanenbaum","doi":"10.37549/ar2916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37549/ar2916","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44386,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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