Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2023294.5208
Vasil Kolev, Emil Manov, Nikolay Runev, Blagovest Stoimenov, Georgi Onchev, Ralitsa Pancheva
Background: Depression and anxiety are common in patients with heart failure (HF). They are associated with adverse outcomes such as reduced adherence to treatment, poor ventricular function, increased hospitalizations, and higher mortality rate. However, despite the importance of these concomitant conditions, depression and anxiety often remain underdiagnosed and undertreated in patients with HF. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety in patients with HF. Materials and methods: 138 patients with chronic HF, a mean age of 70.29 ± 9.73 years and male/female ratio – 63 (45.7%)/75 (54.3%) were included in this cross-sectional study. Tests for depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HAM-D) and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAM-A) were performed in all participants. Results: 114 (82.6%) of the patients with HF have depression and 98 (71%) – anxiety disorder. Mild depression was found in 38 (33.3%) patients and moderate – in 49 (42.9%). Severe depression was found in 21 (18.4%) of the patients and very severe – in 6 (5.3%). In our cohort, women more often were diagnosed with depression than men (71.4% vs. 28.6%, (p<0.05)). Older age above 70 years was associated with an incidence of depression (AUC 0.75, 67% sensitivity and 64% specificity, p<0.05). Significant predictors of depression in HF patients were anemia (OR 2.74 (95% CI 1.23-4.56, p<0.05), CKD (OR 12.29 (95% CI 1.57-16.17, P<0.05), ejection fraction below 50% (OR 4.35 (95% CI 2.07-8.85, P<0.05) and alcohol consumption (OR 6.39 (95% CI 1.72 – 15.14, P<0.05). Mild anxiety was diagnosed in 28 (28.6%) of the patients, 52 (53.1%) were with moderate and 18 (18.4%) – with severe anxiety. Predictors of anxiety in our HF cohort were poor controlled arterial hypertension (OR 2,18 (95% CI 1.26-5.57 P<0.05), alcohol consumption (OR 2,75, (95% CI 1.43-4.23, P<0.05), advanced HF (OR 4.57, (95% CI 2.02-7.66, P<0.05) and previous myocardial infarction (OR 3,25, (95% CI 1.89-5.53, P<0.05). Conclusions: Out data shows that the key factors associated with the risk of developing depression in patients with HF are: CKD, anemia, alcohol use, ejection fraction < 50, while the most important factors associated with the development of anxiety are: uncontrolled hypertension, alcohol use, advanced HF and previous MI.
背景:抑郁和焦虑在心力衰竭(HF)患者中很常见。它们与不良结局相关，如治疗依从性降低、心室功能差、住院率增加和死亡率升高。然而，尽管这些伴随疾病很重要，但心衰患者的抑郁和焦虑通常仍未得到充分诊断和治疗。目的:本研究的目的是评估心衰患者抑郁和焦虑的患病率和严重程度。材料与方法:本横断面研究纳入138例慢性HF患者，平均年龄70.29±9.73岁，男女比例为63(45.7%)/75(54.3%)。抑郁症测试(汉密尔顿抑郁症评定量表;HAM-D)和焦虑(汉密尔顿焦虑量表;所有参与者均进行HAM-A)检查。结果:HF患者中有抑郁114例(82.6%)，有焦虑障碍98例(71%)。轻度抑郁38例(33.3%)，中度抑郁49例(42.9%)。重度抑郁21例(18.4%)，极重度抑郁6例(5.3%)。在我们的队列中，女性比男性更常被诊断为抑郁症(71.4%比28.6%，p < 0.05)。年龄大于70岁与抑郁症发病率相关(AUC为0.75，敏感性67%，特异性64%，p<0.05)。HF患者抑郁的显著预测因子为贫血(OR 2.74 (95% CI 1.23-4.56, p<0.05)、CKD (OR 12.29 (95% CI 1.57-16.17, p<0.05)、射血分数低于50% (OR 4.35 (95% CI 2.07-8.85, p<0.05)和饮酒(OR 6.39 (95% CI 1.72 - 15.14, p<0.05)。轻度焦虑28例(28.6%)，中度焦虑52例(53.1%)，重度焦虑18例(18.4%)。在我们的心衰队列中，焦虑的预测因子是控制不良的动脉高血压(OR 2,18 (95% CI 1.26-5.57, P<0.05)、饮酒(OR 2,75， (95% CI 1.43-4.23, P<0.05)、晚期心衰(OR 4.57, 95% CI 2.02-7.66, P<0.05)和既往心肌梗死(OR 3,25， (95% CI 1.89-5.53, P<0.05)。结论:我们的数据显示，与心衰患者发生抑郁风险相关的关键因素有:CKD、贫血、酒精使用、射血分数和lt;而与焦虑发展相关的最重要因素是:未控制的高血压、酒精使用、晚期心衰和既往心肌梗死。
{"title":"THE PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS IN BULGARIA","authors":"Vasil Kolev, Emil Manov, Nikolay Runev, Blagovest Stoimenov, Georgi Onchev, Ralitsa Pancheva","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5208","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression and anxiety are common in patients with heart failure (HF). They are associated with adverse outcomes such as reduced adherence to treatment, poor ventricular function, increased hospitalizations, and higher mortality rate. However, despite the importance of these concomitant conditions, depression and anxiety often remain underdiagnosed and undertreated in patients with HF. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety in patients with HF. Materials and methods: 138 patients with chronic HF, a mean age of 70.29 ± 9.73 years and male/female ratio – 63 (45.7%)/75 (54.3%) were included in this cross-sectional study. Tests for depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HAM-D) and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAM-A) were performed in all participants. Results: 114 (82.6%) of the patients with HF have depression and 98 (71%) – anxiety disorder. Mild depression was found in 38 (33.3%) patients and moderate – in 49 (42.9%). Severe depression was found in 21 (18.4%) of the patients and very severe – in 6 (5.3%). In our cohort, women more often were diagnosed with depression than men (71.4% vs. 28.6%, (p<0.05)). Older age above 70 years was associated with an incidence of depression (AUC 0.75, 67% sensitivity and 64% specificity, p<0.05). Significant predictors of depression in HF patients were anemia (OR 2.74 (95% CI 1.23-4.56, p<0.05), CKD (OR 12.29 (95% CI 1.57-16.17, P<0.05), ejection fraction below 50% (OR 4.35 (95% CI 2.07-8.85, P<0.05) and alcohol consumption (OR 6.39 (95% CI 1.72 – 15.14, P<0.05). Mild anxiety was diagnosed in 28 (28.6%) of the patients, 52 (53.1%) were with moderate and 18 (18.4%) – with severe anxiety. Predictors of anxiety in our HF cohort were poor controlled arterial hypertension (OR 2,18 (95% CI 1.26-5.57 P<0.05), alcohol consumption (OR 2,75, (95% CI 1.43-4.23, P<0.05), advanced HF (OR 4.57, (95% CI 2.02-7.66, P<0.05) and previous myocardial infarction (OR 3,25, (95% CI 1.89-5.53, P<0.05). Conclusions: Out data shows that the key factors associated with the risk of developing depression in patients with HF are: CKD, anemia, alcohol use, ejection fraction < 50, while the most important factors associated with the development of anxiety are: uncontrolled hypertension, alcohol use, advanced HF and previous MI.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":"45 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2023294.5201
Mirena Valkova, Ivanka Veleva
Introduction: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the leading, although preventable complications, after ischemic stroke (IS). Our study aimed to examine PSD and the leading causes for its development Contingent and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined 107 post-stroke survivors (66.67±9.03years old, 65 males and 42 females) for PSD in a two-step model (at the acute stage and at the 3rd month after stroke) with 21 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Results: 33% of examined patients showed depression at the acute and 30% at the chronicIS stage. 1/4 to 1/3 of the others had subclinical depression. The severity of depression in most of the cases was mild. Very few of our patients (2 at the acute tage and 1 at the chronic stroke stage) had severe depression. The main risk factors for PSD were stroke severity, subcortical localization of stroke, leukoaraiosis, ageing, loneliness and some comorbidities (that lead to systemic inflammation, changes in neurotransmission and impaired brain plasticity). Conclusion: PSD is one of the main complications of acute IS. It should be assessed, prevented and treated as soon as possible.
{"title":"POST-STROKE DEPRESSION AND ITS RISK FACTORS – CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"Mirena Valkova, Ivanka Veleva","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5201","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the leading, although preventable complications, after ischemic stroke (IS). Our study aimed to examine PSD and the leading causes for its development Contingent and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined 107 post-stroke survivors (66.67±9.03years old, 65 males and 42 females) for PSD in a two-step model (at the acute stage and at the 3rd month after stroke) with 21 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Results: 33% of examined patients showed depression at the acute and 30% at the chronicIS stage. 1/4 to 1/3 of the others had subclinical depression. The severity of depression in most of the cases was mild. Very few of our patients (2 at the acute tage and 1 at the chronic stroke stage) had severe depression. The main risk factors for PSD were stroke severity, subcortical localization of stroke, leukoaraiosis, ageing, loneliness and some comorbidities (that lead to systemic inflammation, changes in neurotransmission and impaired brain plasticity). Conclusion: PSD is one of the main complications of acute IS. It should be assessed, prevented and treated as soon as possible.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2023294.5204
Gergana Markova, Rositsa Tsankova-Mihaylova
Dental caries affects all age groups, but especially children who are of preschool age. The disease is socially significant and affects the quality of life. Various interventions are used to prevent dental caries - water fluoridation, fluoride toothpaste, sugar restriction, antimicrobials, regular preventive examinations and, last but not least, oral hygiene. We have developed a health education program (conversation, discussion, film, practical activity) with the aim of preventing dental caries among children who are at the age of 5. The training was presented by 20 children attending the 'Prolet' kindergarten in the city of Pleven. A discussion was held among the children, a film was shown, proper brushing of the teeth was demonstrated, and they were given the opportunity to practice the technique shown to them. Parents were presented with an information board illustrating dental caries and its consequences; they were given flyers showing possibilities for its prevention. In this report, we show the changes in children's behavior (according to their parents) after the realization of the program. A positive effect of the program conducted among the children was reported. In conclusion, we can say that health education is an important element in the prevention of dental caries.
{"title":"PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES IN PRESCHOOL AGE","authors":"Gergana Markova, Rositsa Tsankova-Mihaylova","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5204","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries affects all age groups, but especially children who are of preschool age. The disease is socially significant and affects the quality of life. Various interventions are used to prevent dental caries - water fluoridation, fluoride toothpaste, sugar restriction, antimicrobials, regular preventive examinations and, last but not least, oral hygiene. We have developed a health education program (conversation, discussion, film, practical activity) with the aim of preventing dental caries among children who are at the age of 5. The training was presented by 20 children attending the 'Prolet' kindergarten in the city of Pleven. A discussion was held among the children, a film was shown, proper brushing of the teeth was demonstrated, and they were given the opportunity to practice the technique shown to them. Parents were presented with an information board illustrating dental caries and its consequences; they were given flyers showing possibilities for its prevention. In this report, we show the changes in children's behavior (according to their parents) after the realization of the program. A positive effect of the program conducted among the children was reported. In conclusion, we can say that health education is an important element in the prevention of dental caries.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2023294.5197
Boyan Kirilov
Introduction: Obesity and dental caries are diseases that have a strong social impact. Being overweight and obesity during childhood are a risk factor for cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal diseases and other health problems in both children and adults. Aim: The aim of the study is to estimate the relationship between tooth eruption, tooth pathology and BMI in 7-8 year old Bulgarian children. Methods and Material: The present study observed 187 individuals. Oral and dental status were examined. The height was measured in a standing position with an anthropometer, weight was measured with an electric scale to the nearest 0.1 kg, and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The data was analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: A positive relation is found between the eruption of teeth and BMI. A statistically significant association is found between BMI and dental caries on the upper left first molar (26). Conclusion: A high percentage of the examined children were overweight and obese. A positive but low correlation between BMI, tooth eruption and dental caries is established. With the increase of the BMI, the number of erupted teeth also increases. Girls had more erupted teeth compared with boys. The caries of the first molar (26) correlate positively with the nutritional status of the 7-8 year old children studied.
肥胖症和龋齿是具有强烈社会影响的疾病。儿童期超重和肥胖是儿童和成人心血管、呼吸系统、骨骼疾病和其他健康问题的一个危险因素。目的:本研究的目的是评估7-8岁保加利亚儿童萌牙、牙齿病理与BMI之间的关系。方法与材料:本研究观察了187例个体。检查口腔和牙齿状况。站立时用身高计测量身高，用电子秤测量体重至0.1 kg，计算体重指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)。使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)第16版对数据进行分析。p < 0.05认为差异有统计学意义。结果:萌牙与体重指数呈正相关。BMI与左上第一磨牙龋齿之间存在统计学上的显著关联(26)。结论:接受调查的儿童中超重和肥胖的比例很高。体重指数与牙齿萌出和龋齿之间存在正相关性，但相关性较低。随着体重指数的增加，出牙的数量也会增加。女孩比男孩有更多的乳牙。第一磨牙的龋齿(26)与所研究的7-8岁儿童的营养状况呈正相关。
{"title":"RELATIONS BETWEEN ERUPTION OF PERMANENT TEETH AND BODY MASS INDEX IN BULGARIAN CHILDREN","authors":"Boyan Kirilov","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5197","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obesity and dental caries are diseases that have a strong social impact. Being overweight and obesity during childhood are a risk factor for cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal diseases and other health problems in both children and adults. Aim: The aim of the study is to estimate the relationship between tooth eruption, tooth pathology and BMI in 7-8 year old Bulgarian children. Methods and Material: The present study observed 187 individuals. Oral and dental status were examined. The height was measured in a standing position with an anthropometer, weight was measured with an electric scale to the nearest 0.1 kg, and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The data was analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: A positive relation is found between the eruption of teeth and BMI. A statistically significant association is found between BMI and dental caries on the upper left first molar (26). Conclusion: A high percentage of the examined children were overweight and obese. A positive but low correlation between BMI, tooth eruption and dental caries is established. With the increase of the BMI, the number of erupted teeth also increases. Girls had more erupted teeth compared with boys. The caries of the first molar (26) correlate positively with the nutritional status of the 7-8 year old children studied.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":"11 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Oral health is extremely important for the quality of life and well-being. Findings reveal that people with special needs have difficulties in getting dental care, which increases their risk of oral diseases. The recommendations for dental examination are identical for patients with and without neurological impairment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of caries and overall dental health among children with motor and mental disabilities in Northeastern Bulgaria. Methods: A total of 53 children with neurological impairment under the age of 18 were selected from Varna and Ruse from April to October 2017. Data on age, gender, height, weight, caregiver education level were collected. Information on oral hygiene behavior and diet was gathered as well. The 2013 World Health Organization standards for dental caries were used to assess the oral health status. The data were analyzed with the statistical package Jamovi v.2.2.2.0. Results: Children were divided into two groups – with predominantly motor or mental impairment. Both groups had high rates of caries and need for urgent dental treatment with no significant difference observed. The CPITN correlated positively with motor impairment (Spearman's rho= 0.393; p= 0.043). It was discovered that children with motor impairment had a higher prevalence of malocclusion than children with mental impairment (rho= -0.331; p= 0.016). The number of caries correlated as well with the type of occlusion (Spearman's rho=0.378; p=0.005), the dentition type (rho=0.343; p=0.012) and the age (rho= 0.372; p= 0.006). Conclusion: The study findings indicate that both types of neurological impairments were associated with a high frequency of caries and a significant need for urgent dental care. More frequent dental examination is thought to improve oral health. Nevertheless, more studies are required to substantiate this theory.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF CARIES AND THE NEED FOR URGENT DENTAL TREATMENT AMONG CHILDREN WITH NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT IN NORTHEASTERN BULGARIA","authors":"Rouzha Pancheva, Lyubomir Dimitrov, Desislava Konstantinova","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5192","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Oral health is extremely important for the quality of life and well-being. Findings reveal that people with special needs have difficulties in getting dental care, which increases their risk of oral diseases. The recommendations for dental examination are identical for patients with and without neurological impairment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of caries and overall dental health among children with motor and mental disabilities in Northeastern Bulgaria. Methods: A total of 53 children with neurological impairment under the age of 18 were selected from Varna and Ruse from April to October 2017. Data on age, gender, height, weight, caregiver education level were collected. Information on oral hygiene behavior and diet was gathered as well. The 2013 World Health Organization standards for dental caries were used to assess the oral health status. The data were analyzed with the statistical package Jamovi v.2.2.2.0. Results: Children were divided into two groups – with predominantly motor or mental impairment. Both groups had high rates of caries and need for urgent dental treatment with no significant difference observed. The CPITN correlated positively with motor impairment (Spearman's rho= 0.393; p= 0.043). It was discovered that children with motor impairment had a higher prevalence of malocclusion than children with mental impairment (rho= -0.331; p= 0.016). The number of caries correlated as well with the type of occlusion (Spearman's rho=0.378; p=0.005), the dentition type (rho=0.343; p=0.012) and the age (rho= 0.372; p= 0.006). Conclusion: The study findings indicate that both types of neurological impairments were associated with a high frequency of caries and a significant need for urgent dental care. More frequent dental examination is thought to improve oral health. Nevertheless, more studies are required to substantiate this theory.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2023294.5188
Tosho Ganev
Purpose: The study examines the survival of patients with high-risk prostate cancer in order to find a relationship between survival and the type of postoperative therapy. Materials/Methods: The object of the study were 872 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in the Clinic of Urology in "St. Anna - Varna" Hospital for the period from April 17, 1996, until November 25, 2022. Postoperatively, some patients were additionally subjected to hormonal therapy (referred to as "dual therapy" in the text), and others to hormonal and radiotherapy (referred to as "triple therapy"). Results: Overall and cancer-specific survival of high-risk patients did not differ statistically significantly for the two types of postoperative therapy. Conclusions: The optimal combination of radical prostatectomy, hormonal and radiotherapy in order to achieve maximum survival for patients with high-risk prostate cancer is still poorly defined.
{"title":"OVERALL AND CANCER-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL OF HIGH-RISK PROSTATE CANCER – IMPACT OF ADJUVANT THERAPY AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY","authors":"Tosho Ganev","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5188","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study examines the survival of patients with high-risk prostate cancer in order to find a relationship between survival and the type of postoperative therapy. Materials/Methods: The object of the study were 872 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in the Clinic of Urology in \"St. Anna - Varna\" Hospital for the period from April 17, 1996, until November 25, 2022. Postoperatively, some patients were additionally subjected to hormonal therapy (referred to as \"dual therapy\" in the text), and others to hormonal and radiotherapy (referred to as \"triple therapy\"). Results: Overall and cancer-specific survival of high-risk patients did not differ statistically significantly for the two types of postoperative therapy. Conclusions: The optimal combination of radical prostatectomy, hormonal and radiotherapy in order to achieve maximum survival for patients with high-risk prostate cancer is still poorly defined.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":"26 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2023294.5182
Daniel Monov, Tsonko Paunov
The most important and very difficult thing is to establish the cause (etiology) for the occurrence of nosocomial infections in medical facilities in the country and the world. Objective: To study the frequency and structure of nosocomial infections before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Ruse region for 2017-2021. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the data on the registered nosocomial infections for a period of five years (2017 - 2021), reports, analyses, and laboratory studies of Regional Health Inspectorate Ruse, from national governmental studies, normative documents and literature are applied. Results: The analysis of the data from the etiological diagnosis of nosocomial infections in the Ruse region is from 9 medical facilities included in the national electronic system for the control of nosocomial infections (NIs). The etiological structure of NIs in the Ruse region is represented by 39 microbial species. The relative share of the untested varies from 10.59% in 2017 to 15.75% in 2021. For the etiologically unproven, it is from 2.39% for 2019 to 1.68% for 2021, with a decreasing trend. Conclusions: The analysis of the isolated microbial species by group shows that for the entire period, the proportion of gram-negative flora was 62% of the isolates (2017), followed by 23.02% of gram-positive microorganisms (2017), and the relative proportion of fungi and viruses was ~ 3 %.
{"title":"STUDY OF TRENDS IN THE ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE RUSE REGION FOR 2017-2021","authors":"Daniel Monov, Tsonko Paunov","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5182","url":null,"abstract":"The most important and very difficult thing is to establish the cause (etiology) for the occurrence of nosocomial infections in medical facilities in the country and the world. Objective: To study the frequency and structure of nosocomial infections before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Ruse region for 2017-2021. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the data on the registered nosocomial infections for a period of five years (2017 - 2021), reports, analyses, and laboratory studies of Regional Health Inspectorate Ruse, from national governmental studies, normative documents and literature are applied. Results: The analysis of the data from the etiological diagnosis of nosocomial infections in the Ruse region is from 9 medical facilities included in the national electronic system for the control of nosocomial infections (NIs). The etiological structure of NIs in the Ruse region is represented by 39 microbial species. The relative share of the untested varies from 10.59% in 2017 to 15.75% in 2021. For the etiologically unproven, it is from 2.39% for 2019 to 1.68% for 2021, with a decreasing trend. Conclusions: The analysis of the isolated microbial species by group shows that for the entire period, the proportion of gram-negative flora was 62% of the isolates (2017), followed by 23.02% of gram-positive microorganisms (2017), and the relative proportion of fungi and viruses was ~ 3 %.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":"12 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2023294.5178
Boyan Kirilov
The eruption of the permanent teeth is one of the main features used to determin the biological maturity of an individual. The present literature review shows a correlation between studies carried out in different years and countries for the factors influencing the erupting of teeth. Data regarding the role of social factors, sex, diet, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), factors in pregnancy, diseases atyoung age, hereditary elements and genetics is analyzed. Tooth eruption in the context of secular trends is observed and attention is paid to the Bulgarian contribution to the study of this topic. The conclusion presents the importance of collaboration between different specialists in the preparation and execution of complex treatment plans.
{"title":"COMPLEX VIEW OF THE ERUPTION OF THE PERMANENT TEETH","authors":"Boyan Kirilov","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5178","url":null,"abstract":"The eruption of the permanent teeth is one of the main features used to determin the biological maturity of an individual. The present literature review shows a correlation between studies carried out in different years and countries for the factors influencing the erupting of teeth. Data regarding the role of social factors, sex, diet, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), factors in pregnancy, diseases atyoung age, hereditary elements and genetics is analyzed. Tooth eruption in the context of secular trends is observed and attention is paid to the Bulgarian contribution to the study of this topic. The conclusion presents the importance of collaboration between different specialists in the preparation and execution of complex treatment plans.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":"6 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2023294.5174
Tsvetalina Gerova-Vatsova, Stefan Peev, Ralitsa Yotsova
Periodontal health and various types of dental restorations are very closely related. On the one hand, periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. The main etiological factor is the microflora found in dental plaque. Plaque retentive factors - both natural and iatrogenic - are extremely important for the development of an inflammatory process of the periodontium. Among the most common iatrogenic plaque retentive factors are overhanging interproximal restorations (direct and indirect) and not precisely made prosthetic fixed structures. On the other hand, for restorative dentistry to be successful, it is necessary to first achieve periodontal health in the respective area, which should be maintained after the fabrication and placement of the dental restoration.
{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND FIXED PROSTETHIC RESTORATIONS","authors":"Tsvetalina Gerova-Vatsova, Stefan Peev, Ralitsa Yotsova","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5174","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontal health and various types of dental restorations are very closely related. On the one hand, periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. The main etiological factor is the microflora found in dental plaque. Plaque retentive factors - both natural and iatrogenic - are extremely important for the development of an inflammatory process of the periodontium. Among the most common iatrogenic plaque retentive factors are overhanging interproximal restorations (direct and indirect) and not precisely made prosthetic fixed structures. On the other hand, for restorative dentistry to be successful, it is necessary to first achieve periodontal health in the respective area, which should be maintained after the fabrication and placement of the dental restoration.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2023294.5168
Ralitsa Bogovska-Gigova, Krasimir Hristov
Introduction: Health education and motivation are essential public health tools and effective primary preventive methods. Nurseries can serve as ideal settings for health promotion. Purpose: To organize and conduct oral health education and motivation panel for children and parents in nurseries. Materials and methods: A motivational and educational panel for nursery-age children and their parents was created. The panel included 1. Motivational and educational module for parents in the form of a PowerPoint lecture; 2. Motivational and educational module for children - fairytale - "How Yoni defeats the Tooth Monsters" and two games - "What Mr. Toothy likes to eat "and "Let us wipe the germs from Mr. Toothy." Results: All mothers confirmed that the PowerPoint presentation was helpful. Nearly 98% of mothers learned new and valuable things about teething. The same percentage of mothers admitted that they had gained new knowledge on increasing their child's interest in performing regular oral hygiene. The results showed increased interest in oral hygiene and diet games in both groups of children included in the educational panel. The older children get, the more interest they show in listening to fairytales. Conclusion: Mothers and children have received the module very well, so it would be a valuable part of any nursery program.
{"title":"ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION AND MOTIVATION FOR PARENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN IN NURSERIES","authors":"Ralitsa Bogovska-Gigova, Krasimir Hristov","doi":"10.5272/jimab.2023294.5168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023294.5168","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Health education and motivation are essential public health tools and effective primary preventive methods. Nurseries can serve as ideal settings for health promotion. Purpose: To organize and conduct oral health education and motivation panel for children and parents in nurseries. Materials and methods: A motivational and educational panel for nursery-age children and their parents was created. The panel included 1. Motivational and educational module for parents in the form of a PowerPoint lecture; 2. Motivational and educational module for children - fairytale - \"How Yoni defeats the Tooth Monsters\" and two games - \"What Mr. Toothy likes to eat \"and \"Let us wipe the germs from Mr. Toothy.\" Results: All mothers confirmed that the PowerPoint presentation was helpful. Nearly 98% of mothers learned new and valuable things about teething. The same percentage of mothers admitted that they had gained new knowledge on increasing their child's interest in performing regular oral hygiene. The results showed increased interest in oral hygiene and diet games in both groups of children included in the educational panel. The older children get, the more interest they show in listening to fairytales. Conclusion: Mothers and children have received the module very well, so it would be a valuable part of any nursery program.","PeriodicalId":44393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of IMAB","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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