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2018 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)最新文献

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Foreword VL/HCC 2018
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/vlhcc.2018.8506495
We were pleased to welcome delegates to the 2018 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human Centric Computing, held in Lisbon, Portugal at the Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. The theme of 2018’s conference was Building Human-Adaptive Socio-Technical Systems. These kinds of systems incorporate humans as both developers of and intrinsic parts of the system. We invited three keynote speakers, two from academia and one from industry following this theme. The first, Jason Hong, is a Professor in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. His research focuses on human-computer interaction and privacy and security, a combination that is exposed in new ways in Socio-Technical Systems. His talk focused on understanding and building new tools that address developers’ issues with supporting privacy. The second keynote was given by Geraldine Fitzpatrick who is a Professor of Technology Design and Assessment and leads the Human Computer Interaction Group at TU Wien in Vienna, Austria. Her research explores the intersection of social and computer sciences. Her talk uses the domain of developing supportive technologies for aging people to expose issues around modelling behaviors for systems and the realities of living with those models. The final keynote, from industry, was given by Rodrigo Sousa Coutinho, the co-founder and Strategic Product Manager at OutSystems, a Portugal-based software firm which constructed a platform that transforms visual models into running enterprise-grade applications. His talk focused on the story of bringing their visual language to market, and highlighted how OutSystems collaborated with academia.
我们很高兴地欢迎各位代表参加2018年IEEE视觉语言和以人为中心的计算研讨会,该研讨会在葡萄牙里斯本新里斯本大学举行。2018年会议的主题是“构建人类适应性社会技术系统”。这些类型的系统将人类作为系统的开发人员和固有部分纳入其中。我们邀请了三位主题演讲者,两位来自学术界,一位来自工业界。第一位是卡内基梅隆大学人机交互研究所的教授Jason Hong。他的研究重点是人机交互和隐私与安全,这一组合在社会技术系统中以新的方式暴露出来。他的演讲重点是理解和构建新的工具,以解决开发人员在支持隐私方面的问题。第二个主题演讲是由Geraldine Fitzpatrick发表的,他是技术设计和评估教授,也是奥地利维也纳维也纳理工大学人机交互小组的负责人。她的研究探索了社会科学和计算机科学的交叉。她的演讲使用了为老年人开发支持性技术的领域,以揭示围绕系统建模行为和与这些模型一起生活的现实的问题。最后一个来自行业的主题演讲是由Rodrigo Sousa Coutinho发表的,他是OutSystems的联合创始人和战略产品经理。OutSystems是一家总部位于葡萄牙的软件公司,该公司构建了一个将可视化模型转换为运行企业级应用程序的平台。他的演讲重点是将他们的视觉语言推向市场的故事,并强调了OutSystems如何与学术界合作。
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引用次数: 1
Expresso: Building Responsive Interfaces with Keyframes Expresso:用关键帧构建响应式界面
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/VLHCC.2018.8506516
Rebecca Krosnick, Sang Won Lee, Walter S. Lasecki, Steve Oney
Web developers use responsive web design to create user interfaces that can adapt to many form factors. To define responsive pages, developers must use Cascading Style Sheets (CSs) or libraries and tools built on top of it. CSS provides high customizability, but requires significant experience. As a result, non-programmers and novice programmers generally lack a means of easily building custom responsive web pages. In this paper, we present a new approach that allows users to create custom responsive user interfaces without writing program code. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach through a new system we built, named Expresso. With Expresso, users define “keyframes” - examples of how their VI should look for particular viewport sizes - by simply directly manipulating elements in a WYSIWYG editor. Expresso uses these keyframes to infer rules about the responsive behavior of elements, and automatically renders the appropriate css for a given viewport size. To allow users to create the desired appearance of their page at all viewport sizes, Expresso lets users define either a “smooth” or “jump” transition between adjacent keyframes. We conduct a user study and show that participants are able to effectively use Expresso to build realistic responsive interfaces.
Web开发人员使用响应式Web设计来创建能够适应多种形式因素的用户界面。要定义响应式页面,开发人员必须使用层叠样式表(Cascading Style Sheets, CSs)或在其基础上构建的库和工具。CSS提供了高度的可定制性,但需要大量的经验。因此,非程序员和新手程序员通常缺乏一种轻松构建自定义响应式网页的方法。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的方法,允许用户无需编写程序代码即可创建自定义响应式用户界面。我们通过建立一个名为Expresso的新系统来证明这种方法的可行性和有效性。使用Expresso,用户可以通过在所见即所得编辑器中简单地直接操作元素来定义“关键帧”——他们的VI应该如何寻找特定视口大小的示例。Expresso使用这些关键帧来推断元素响应行为的规则,并自动为给定的视口大小呈现适当的css。为了允许用户在所有视口大小下创建所需的页面外观,Expresso允许用户定义相邻关键帧之间的“平滑”或“跳跃”过渡。我们进行了一项用户研究,并表明参与者能够有效地使用Expresso来构建现实的响应式界面。
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引用次数: 6
Comparative Visualizations through Parameterization and Variability 通过参数化和可变性的比较可视化
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/VLHCC.2018.8506578
Karl Smeltzer, Martin Erwig
Comparative visualizations and the comparison tasks they support constitute a crucial part of visual data analysis on complex data sets. Existing approaches are ad hoc and often require significant effort to produce comparative visualizations, which is impractical especially in cases where visualizations have to be amended in response to changes in the underlying data. We show that the combination of parameterized visualizations and variations yields an effective model for comparative visualizations. Our approach supports data exploration and automatic visualization updates when the underlying data changes. We provide a prototype implementation and demonstrate that our approach covers most of existing comparative visualizations.
比较可视化及其支持的比较任务构成了复杂数据集的可视化数据分析的关键部分。现有的方法是特别的,通常需要大量的工作来产生比较的可视化,这是不切实际的,特别是在必须修改可视化以响应底层数据的变化的情况下。我们表明,参数化可视化和变化的结合产生了一个有效的比较可视化模型。当底层数据发生变化时,我们的方法支持数据探索和自动可视化更新。我们提供了一个原型实现,并证明我们的方法涵盖了大多数现有的比较可视化。
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引用次数: 0
CodeDeviant: Helping Programmers Detect Edits That Accidentally Alter Program Behavior CodeDeviant:帮助程序员检测意外改变程序行为的编辑
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/VLHCC.2018.8506567
Austin Z. Henley, S. Fleming
In this paper, we present CodeDeviant, a novel tool for visual dataflow programming environments that assists programmers by helping them ensure that their code-restructuring changes did not accidentally alter the behavior of the application. CodeDeviant aims to integrate seamlessly into a programmer's workflow, requiring little or no additional effort or planning. Key features of CodeDeviant include transparently recording program execution data, enabling programmers to efficiently compare program outputs, and allowing only apt comparisons between executions. We report a formative qualitative-shadowing study of LabViewprogrammers, which motivated CodeDeviant's design, revealing that the programmers had considerable difficulty determining whether code changes they made resulted in unintended program behavior. To evaluate Code-Deviant, we implemented a prototype CodeDeviant extension for LabViewand used it to conduct a laboratory user study. Key results included that programmers using CodeDeviant discovered behavior-altering changes more accurately and in less time than programmers using standard LabView.
在本文中,我们介绍了CodeDeviant,一个用于可视化数据流编程环境的新工具,它通过帮助程序员确保他们的代码重构更改不会意外地改变应用程序的行为来帮助他们。CodeDeviant旨在无缝地集成到程序员的工作流程中,几乎不需要额外的努力或计划。CodeDeviant的关键特性包括透明地记录程序执行数据,使程序员能够有效地比较程序输出,并且只允许在执行之间进行适当的比较。我们报告了LabViewprogrammers的形成性定性阴影研究,它激发了CodeDeviant的设计,揭示了程序员在确定他们所做的代码更改是否会导致意外的程序行为方面存在相当大的困难。为了评估Code-Deviant,我们为labview实现了一个原型CodeDeviant扩展,并使用它来进行实验室用户研究。关键的结果包括使用CodeDeviant的程序员比使用标准LabView的程序员更准确、更短的时间内发现了行为改变的变化。
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引用次数: 3
Human-Centric Programming in the Large - Command Languages to Scalable Cyber Training 以人为中心的大型命令语言编程:可扩展的网络培训
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/VLHCC.2018.8506564
P. Dewan, Blake L. Joyce, Nirav C. Merchant
Programming in the large allows composition of processes executing code written using programming in the small. Traditionally, systems supporting programming in the large have included interpreters of OS command languages, but today, with the emergence of collaborative “big data” science, these systems also include cyberinfrastructures, which allow computations to be carried out on remote machines in the “cloud”. The rationale for these systems, even the traditional command interpreters, is human-centric computing, as they are designed to support quick, interactive development and execution of process workflows. Some cyberinfrastructures extend this human-centricity by also providing manipulation of visualizations of these workflows. To further increase the human-centricity of these systems, we have started a new project on cyber training - instruction in the use of command languages and visual components of cyberinfrastructures. Our objective is to provide scalable remote awareness of trainees' progress and difficulties, as well as collaborative and automatic resolution of their difficulties. Our current plan is to provide awareness based on a subway workflow metaphor, allow a trainer to collaborate with multiple trainees using a single instance of a command interpreter, and combine research in process and interaction workflows to support automatic help. These research directions can be considered an application of the general principle of integrating programming in the small and large
大型编程允许执行使用小型编程编写的代码的进程组合。传统上,支持大型编程的系统包括操作系统命令语言的解释器,但今天,随着协作“大数据”科学的出现,这些系统还包括网络基础设施,它允许在“云”中的远程机器上执行计算。这些系统的基本原理,甚至是传统的命令解释器,都是以人为中心的计算,因为它们被设计为支持流程工作流的快速、交互式开发和执行。一些网络基础设施也通过提供这些工作流的可视化操作来扩展这种以人为中心的特性。为了进一步提高这些系统以人为本的质素,我们已展开一项新的网络训练计划,教导使用命令语言和网络基础设施的视觉组件。我们的目标是提供可扩展的远程感知学员的进度和困难,以及协作和自动解决他们的困难。我们目前的计划是提供基于地铁工作流隐喻的感知,允许培训师使用命令解释器的单个实例与多个学员协作,并将过程和交互工作流的研究结合起来,以支持自动帮助。这些研究方向可以看作是综合规划的一般原理在大、小方面的应用
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引用次数: 0
Visual Modeling of Cyber Deception 网络欺骗的可视化建模
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/VLHCC.2018.8506515
Cristiano De Faveri, A. Moreira
Deception-based defense relies on deliberated actions to manipulate the attackers' perception of a system. It requires careful planning and application of multiple techniques to be effective. Therefore, deceptive strategies should be studied in isolation from the traditional security mechanisms. To support this goal, we develop DML, a visual language for deception modeling, offering three complementary views of deception: requirements model, deception tactics feature model, and deception strategy organizational. DML integrates goal-oriented requirements models and threat models to compose a comprehensive model considering the influences of developing deceptive mechanisms and the associated risks. The feasibility of DML is demonstrated via a tool prototype and a set of illustrative scenarios for a web system.
基于欺骗的防御依赖于故意的行动来操纵攻击者对系统的感知。它需要仔细规划和多种技术的应用才能有效。因此,欺骗策略的研究应脱离传统的安全机制。为了实现这一目标,我们开发了DML,一种用于欺骗建模的可视化语言,提供了三种互补的欺骗视图:需求模型、欺骗策略特征模型和欺骗策略组织。DML集成了面向目标的需求模型和威胁模型,构成了一个综合的模型,考虑了开发欺骗机制和相关风险的影响。通过一个工具原型和一组web系统的说明性场景来证明DML的可行性。
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引用次数: 1
The design and evaluation of a gestural keyboard for entering programming code on mobile devices 用于在移动设备上输入编程代码的手势键盘的设计与评价
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/VLHCC.2018.8506501
G. Costagliola, V. Fuccella, Amedeo Leo, Luigi Lomasto, Simone Romano
We present the design and the evaluation of a soft keyboard aimed at facilitating the input of programming code on mobile devices equipped with touch screens, such as tablets and smartphones. Besides the traditional tap on a key interaction, the keyboard allows the user to draw gestures on top of it. The gestures correspond to shortcuts to enter programming statements/constructs or to activate specific keyboard sub-layouts. The keyboard was compared in a user study to a traditional soft keyboard with a QWERTY layout and to another state-of-art keyboard designed for programming. The results show a significant advantage for our design in terms of speed and gesture per characters.
我们提出了一种软键盘的设计和评估,旨在促进在配备触摸屏的移动设备(如平板电脑和智能手机)上输入编程代码。除了传统的按键交互之外,键盘还允许用户在键盘上绘制手势。这些手势对应于输入编程语句/结构或激活特定键盘子布局的快捷键。在一项用户研究中,将该键盘与传统的QWERTY布局软键盘和另一种为编程设计的最先进键盘进行了比较。结果显示我们的设计在速度和每个字符的手势方面具有显著的优势。
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引用次数: 3
Searching Over Search Trees for Human-AI Collaboration in Exploratory Problem Solving: A Case Study in Algebra 探索性问题解决中人类-人工智能协作的搜索树搜索:代数案例研究
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/VLHCC.2018.8506580
Benjamin T. Jones, S. Tanimoto
Artificial intelligence and machine learning work very well for solving problems in domains where the optimal solution can be characterized precisely or in terms of adequate training data. However, when humans perform problem solving, they do not necessarily know how to characterize an optimal solution. We propose a framework for human-AI collaboration that gives humans ultimate control of the results of a problem solving task while playing to the strengths of the AI by persisting an agent's search trees and allowing humans to explore and search this search tree. This allows the use of AI in exploratory problem solving contexts. We demonstrate this framework applied to algebraic problem solving, and show that it enables a unique mode of interaction with symbolic computer algebra through the automatic completion and correction of traditional derivations, both in digital ink and textual keyboard input.
人工智能和机器学习可以很好地解决一些领域的问题,在这些领域中,最优解可以精确地表征,或者根据足够的训练数据。然而,当人类解决问题时,他们不一定知道如何描述最优解决方案。我们提出了一个人类与人工智能协作的框架,该框架使人类能够最终控制解决问题任务的结果,同时通过持久保存代理的搜索树并允许人类探索和搜索该搜索树来发挥人工智能的优势。这允许在探索性问题解决环境中使用AI。我们展示了这个框架应用于代数问题的解决,并表明它通过数字墨水和文本键盘输入的传统推导的自动完成和纠正,实现了与符号计算机代数的独特交互模式。
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引用次数: 1
Towards Supporting Knowledge Transfer of Programming Languages 支持程序设计语言的知识转移
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/VLHCC.2018.8506510
Nischal Shrestha
Today, there are hundreds of programming languages that are widely used. Programmers at all levels are expected to become proficient in multiple languages. Experienced programmers who have knowledge of at least one language are able to learn a second language much quicker than novices. However, the transfer process can still be difficult when there exists numerous differences from their previous language. Documentation, online courses and tutorials tend to present information geared towards novices. This type of presentation might suffice for beginners, but it doesn't support learning for experienced programmers [1] who would benefit from leveraging their knowledge of previous programming languages.
今天,有数百种广泛使用的编程语言。所有级别的程序员都应该精通多种语言。拥有至少一门语言知识的有经验的程序员能够比新手更快地学习第二门语言。然而,当他们的语言与之前的语言存在许多差异时,迁移过程仍然是困难的。文档、在线课程和教程倾向于向新手提供信息。这种类型的表示可能足以满足初学者,但它不支持有经验的程序员学习[1],这些程序员将受益于利用他们以前的编程语言知识。
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引用次数: 3
Helping developers with privacy (Invited Keynote) 帮助开发者保护隐私(邀请主题演讲)
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/VLHCC.2018.8506496
Jason I. Hong
The widespread adoption of smartphones and social media make it possible to collect sensitive data about people at a scale and fidelity never before possible. While this data can be used to offer richer user experiences, this same data also poses new kinds of privacy challenges for organizations and developers. However, developers often have little or no knowledge about how to design and implement for privacy. In this talk, I discuss our team's research on helping developers with privacy. I will present some results of interviews and surveys with developers, as well as different tools we have developed. A key theme guiding our work is looking for ways of making developers' lives easier, while making privacy a positive side effect.
智能手机和社交媒体的广泛采用,使得以前所未有的规模和保真度收集个人敏感数据成为可能。虽然这些数据可以用来提供更丰富的用户体验,但这些数据也给组织和开发人员带来了新的隐私挑战。然而,开发人员通常很少或根本不知道如何设计和实现隐私。在这次演讲中,我将讨论我们团队在帮助开发人员保护隐私方面的研究。我将展示一些与开发者的访谈和调查结果,以及我们开发的不同工具。指导我们工作的一个关键主题是寻找使开发人员的生活更轻松的方法,同时使隐私成为积极的副作用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2018 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)
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