Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1680/bren.2011.164.1.44
{"title":"Bridge Engineering: Referees 2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/bren.2011.164.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/bren.2011.164.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77079317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Degan Di Dieco, A. Barbosa, M. Pregnolato
Many communities around the world are facing increasing flood-induced damages to bridges due to climate change and rising urbanization. It is crucial to understand how different bridge types suffer from flooding and how this may affect the surrounding network. Despite the large body of literature for seismic and hurricane taxonomies, a few classifications exist for bridges at flood risk. This paper globally reviews existing bridge classifications to derive a bridge-flood taxonomy. The review found that existing studies mainly classify bridges according to the superstructure material, whereas subclasses consider superstructure and substructure components. This paper proposes a taxonomy of 20 attributes for riverine roadway bridges susceptible to flood hazards, and verifies its applicability for three bridge datasets in the UK. Results show that the considered datasets have data for 13 attributes, which can be used to derive regional bridge classes. In general, the taxonomy is functional for standardising different bridge datasets and applying/developing damage models for given bridge portfolios of flood-prone countries. Future works could apply the taxonomy to additional bridge datasets within a network for risk assessments; the proposed taxonomy could also be extended to allow integration with functionality and restoration models.
{"title":"A taxonomy of riverine roadway bridges at risk of flooding: towards bridge classes and damage models","authors":"Giuseppe Degan Di Dieco, A. Barbosa, M. Pregnolato","doi":"10.1680/jbren.21.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00065","url":null,"abstract":"Many communities around the world are facing increasing flood-induced damages to bridges due to climate change and rising urbanization. It is crucial to understand how different bridge types suffer from flooding and how this may affect the surrounding network. Despite the large body of literature for seismic and hurricane taxonomies, a few classifications exist for bridges at flood risk. This paper globally reviews existing bridge classifications to derive a bridge-flood taxonomy. The review found that existing studies mainly classify bridges according to the superstructure material, whereas subclasses consider superstructure and substructure components. This paper proposes a taxonomy of 20 attributes for riverine roadway bridges susceptible to flood hazards, and verifies its applicability for three bridge datasets in the UK. Results show that the considered datasets have data for 13 attributes, which can be used to derive regional bridge classes. In general, the taxonomy is functional for standardising different bridge datasets and applying/developing damage models for given bridge portfolios of flood-prone countries. Future works could apply the taxonomy to additional bridge datasets within a network for risk assessments; the proposed taxonomy could also be extended to allow integration with functionality and restoration models.","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74585353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the significant advances in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technology and the widespread use of monitoring in other industries, its use on bridges has remained relatively limited. Bridge owners seem to consider that the cost and difficulty of installing and maintaining sensors and data acquisition equipment outweigh the potential benefits that might be gained. In addition, there is a realization by owners that monitoring and managing the data also requires resources. There is a difference in philosophy and approach when considering SHM on new complex bridges and on existing bridges. On new bridges, SHM can assist engineers to validate design assumptions. On existing bridges, the use of SHM has typically been on a re-active, usually temporary basis, to address specific concerns. This paper will examine some of the challenges surrounding the use of SHM, particularly on existing bridges, and will also cover a new development of SHM that uses risk prioritization as part of the wider asset management of bridges.
{"title":"Structural Health Monitoring – A Risk Based Approach","authors":"B. Colford, E. Zhou, T. Pape","doi":"10.1680/jbren.21.00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00073","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the significant advances in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technology and the widespread use of monitoring in other industries, its use on bridges has remained relatively limited. Bridge owners seem to consider that the cost and difficulty of installing and maintaining sensors and data acquisition equipment outweigh the potential benefits that might be gained. In addition, there is a realization by owners that monitoring and managing the data also requires resources. There is a difference in philosophy and approach when considering SHM on new complex bridges and on existing bridges. On new bridges, SHM can assist engineers to validate design assumptions. On existing bridges, the use of SHM has typically been on a re-active, usually temporary basis, to address specific concerns. This paper will examine some of the challenges surrounding the use of SHM, particularly on existing bridges, and will also cover a new development of SHM that uses risk prioritization as part of the wider asset management of bridges.","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83681641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of critical infrastructures, bridges play an important role in the resilience and functionality of the transportation system. Typically, in the aftermath of an earthquake, the restoration process of the impacted region begins. Thus, it is vital for bridges to maintain their functionality and serviceability during this period in order to expedite the restoration process. In this regard, restoration functions are used to assess the functionality of the bridges in a quantitative manner before an extreme event. To this end, the present study presents probabilistic resilience curve for the Chemin des Dalles Bridge in Quebec, Canada, by incorporating fragility and restoration profiles available in literature. The bridge is designed according to older design codes, and they may lack seismic detailing; therefore, they might be susceptible to future earthquakes. The obtained resilience curves are then used to quantify the resilience of the examined bridge. The results indicate that the bridge has a resilient performance in code-level earthquake. However, in order to improve resiliency in stronger events, the retrofit of vulnerable components should be considered.
作为关键基础设施的一部分，桥梁在交通系统的弹性和功能方面发挥着重要作用。通常，在地震之后，受影响地区的恢复过程开始了。因此，在此期间保持桥梁的功能和可用性，以加快修复过程是至关重要的。在这方面，修复函数用于在极端事件发生前定量评估桥梁的功能。为此，本研究结合文献中的脆弱性和恢复概况，提出了加拿大魁北克省Chemin des Dalles大桥的概率恢复曲线。这座桥是根据旧的设计规范设计的，它们可能缺乏抗震细节;因此，它们可能容易受到未来地震的影响。然后用得到的回弹曲线来量化被测桥梁的回弹。结果表明，该桥梁在规范级地震中具有良好的抗震性能。然而，为了提高在更强事件中的恢复能力，应该考虑对易损部件进行改造。
{"title":"Restoration Curves for Infrastructure: Preliminary Case Study on a Bridge in Quebec","authors":"Behfar Godazgar, G. Balomenos, S. Tighe","doi":"10.1680/jbren.21.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00041","url":null,"abstract":"As part of critical infrastructures, bridges play an important role in the resilience and functionality of the transportation system. Typically, in the aftermath of an earthquake, the restoration process of the impacted region begins. Thus, it is vital for bridges to maintain their functionality and serviceability during this period in order to expedite the restoration process. In this regard, restoration functions are used to assess the functionality of the bridges in a quantitative manner before an extreme event. To this end, the present study presents probabilistic resilience curve for the Chemin des Dalles Bridge in Quebec, Canada, by incorporating fragility and restoration profiles available in literature. The bridge is designed according to older design codes, and they may lack seismic detailing; therefore, they might be susceptible to future earthquakes. The obtained resilience curves are then used to quantify the resilience of the examined bridge. The results indicate that the bridge has a resilient performance in code-level earthquake. However, in order to improve resiliency in stronger events, the retrofit of vulnerable components should be considered.","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79945716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Macchiarulo, P. Milillo, C. Blenkinsopp, C. Reale, G. Giardina
Worldwide, transport infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable to ageing-induced deterioration and climate-related hazards. Oftentimes inspection and maintenance costs far exceed available resources, and numerous assets lack any rigorous structural evaluation. Space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is a powerful remote-sensing technology, which can provide cheaper deformation measurements for bridges and other transport infrastructure with short revisit times, while scaling from the local to the global scale. As recent studies have shown the InSAR accuracy to be comparable with traditional monitoring instruments, InSAR could offer a cost-effective tool for long-term, near-continuous deformation monitoring, with the possibility to support inspection planning and maintenance prioritisation, while maximising functionality and increasing the resilience of infrastructure networks. However, despite the high potential of InSAR for structural monitoring, some important limitations need to be considered when applying it in reality. This paper identifies and discusses the challenges of using InSAR for the purpose of structural monitoring, with a specific focus on bridges and transport networks. Examples are presented to illustrate current practical limitations of InSAR; possible solutions and promising research directions are identified. The aim of this study is to motivate future action in this area and highlight the InSAR advances needed to overcome current challenges.
{"title":"Multi-Temporal InSAR for transport infrastructure monitoring: Recent trends and challenges","authors":"V. Macchiarulo, P. Milillo, C. Blenkinsopp, C. Reale, G. Giardina","doi":"10.1680/jbren.21.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00039","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, transport infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable to ageing-induced deterioration and climate-related hazards. Oftentimes inspection and maintenance costs far exceed available resources, and numerous assets lack any rigorous structural evaluation. Space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is a powerful remote-sensing technology, which can provide cheaper deformation measurements for bridges and other transport infrastructure with short revisit times, while scaling from the local to the global scale. As recent studies have shown the InSAR accuracy to be comparable with traditional monitoring instruments, InSAR could offer a cost-effective tool for long-term, near-continuous deformation monitoring, with the possibility to support inspection planning and maintenance prioritisation, while maximising functionality and increasing the resilience of infrastructure networks. However, despite the high potential of InSAR for structural monitoring, some important limitations need to be considered when applying it in reality. This paper identifies and discusses the challenges of using InSAR for the purpose of structural monitoring, with a specific focus on bridges and transport networks. Examples are presented to illustrate current practical limitations of InSAR; possible solutions and promising research directions are identified. The aim of this study is to motivate future action in this area and highlight the InSAR advances needed to overcome current challenges.","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80267617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Cucuzza, C. Costi, M. Rosso, M. Domaneschi, G. Marano, D. Masera
This work focuses on the proposal and the evaluation of a new consolidation system for prestressed reinforced concrete (PRC) beams of girder bridges. The system consists of two arch-shaped steel trusses placed alongside the lateral faces of the beam to beconsolidated. The arches develop longitudinally along the entire span of the beam and in elevation using the available height of the PRC cross section. The consolidation system is characterized by its own external constraints, independent from those serving the pre-existing element. The efficiency of the system with respect to parameters variability is described also focusing on the ratio between the load discharged by the consolidation system and the total applied load. Referring to a case study, the consolidation of a PRC beam is presented adopting the proposed system with respect to the usually adopted external prestressing technique. The cross sections properties of the steel arch shaped trusses are defined by means of a structural optimization process using a genetic algorithm, identifying the minimum steel consumption. Finally, a preliminary cost-benefit analysis is performed for the proposed solution for a comparison with other commonly adopted techniques.
{"title":"Optimal strengthening by steel truss arches in prestressed girder bridges","authors":"R. Cucuzza, C. Costi, M. Rosso, M. Domaneschi, G. Marano, D. Masera","doi":"10.1680/jbren.21.00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00056","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on the proposal and the evaluation of a new consolidation system for prestressed reinforced concrete (PRC) beams of girder bridges. The system consists of two arch-shaped steel trusses placed alongside the lateral faces of the beam to beconsolidated. The arches develop longitudinally along the entire span of the beam and in elevation using the available height of the PRC cross section. The consolidation system is characterized by its own external constraints, independent from those serving the pre-existing element. The efficiency of the system with respect to parameters variability is described also focusing on the ratio between the load discharged by the consolidation system and the total applied load. Referring to a case study, the consolidation of a PRC beam is presented adopting the proposed system with respect to the usually adopted external prestressing technique. The cross sections properties of the steel arch shaped trusses are defined by means of a structural optimization process using a genetic algorithm, identifying the minimum steel consumption. Finally, a preliminary cost-benefit analysis is performed for the proposed solution for a comparison with other commonly adopted techniques.","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78727935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transport and accumulation of floating large wood (LW) debris at bridges can pose a major risk to their structural integrity. The impact forces arising from collisions of LW can cause significant damage to piers, and accumulations can constrict the flow and exacerbate scour at piers and abutments. Furthermore, LW accumulations increase afflux upstream of bridges, heightening flood risk for adjoining areas. Consequently, there is a need for a practical and rapid approach to identify bridges prone to LW-related hazards and to prevent the formation of LW accumulations. This paper proposes an approach based on satellite imagery to (i) quantify the risk of LW at a bridge structure and (ii) locate a LW-trapping system upstream of the identified vulnerable bridges to dramatically reduce risks of LW-related damage. This methodology is applied to major rivers in Devon (UK). 26 bridges were identified as at risk to LW with the majority prone to LW jams. Furthermore, satellite imagery was used to identify 12 locations for the potential installation of LW trapping systems for bridge protection. The results reported in this paper show that satellite imagery is a powerful tool for the rapid assessment and plan of mitigation measures for bridges at risk to LW.
{"title":"Assessing and mitigating risks to bridges from large wood using satellite imagery","authors":"D. Panici, P. Kripakaran","doi":"10.1680/jbren.21.00059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00059","url":null,"abstract":"The transport and accumulation of floating large wood (LW) debris at bridges can pose a major risk to their structural integrity. The impact forces arising from collisions of LW can cause significant damage to piers, and accumulations can constrict the flow and exacerbate scour at piers and abutments. Furthermore, LW accumulations increase afflux upstream of bridges, heightening flood risk for adjoining areas. Consequently, there is a need for a practical and rapid approach to identify bridges prone to LW-related hazards and to prevent the formation of LW accumulations. This paper proposes an approach based on satellite imagery to (i) quantify the risk of LW at a bridge structure and (ii) locate a LW-trapping system upstream of the identified vulnerable bridges to dramatically reduce risks of LW-related damage. This methodology is applied to major rivers in Devon (UK). 26 bridges were identified as at risk to LW with the majority prone to LW jams. Furthermore, satellite imagery was used to identify 12 locations for the potential installation of LW trapping systems for bridge protection. The results reported in this paper show that satellite imagery is a powerful tool for the rapid assessment and plan of mitigation measures for bridges at risk to LW.","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73500185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reinforced concrete (RC) bridges deteriorate essentially due to strength loss induced by aging of the structure, extreme weathering conditions, and unplanned increased service loads. However, these load variations and aging factors equally could compromise structural reliability, and service life for continuous satisfactory operation of service bridges for future performance. A reasonable model of bridge strength and applied loads becomes the basis of accurate prediction of bridge functionality. Hence, time-dependent reliability approaches could be used efficiently to gain a reliable understanding of issues facing by the bridges in the study area for appropriate solutions. In this paper, the reliability of bridges under harsh conditions studied using time-variant and time-invariant reliability models in which both load and resistance considered as a time-dependent parameter. A combination of condition rating (CR) and time-dependent load employed to attain accurate insights about the degradation of structural resistance of the existing bridges. The result shows the significant impact of aging as well as traffic loads influence in the service life of both national highways (NH) and rural road service bridges. These observations might be used to adopt appropriate planning strategies as well as rational decisions to ensure the safety of the bridges for future operation.
{"title":"Assessment of time-dependent structural resistance of RC bridges in the Barak valley region, Assam, India","authors":"Joydeep Das, Arjun Sil","doi":"10.1680/jbren.21.00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00031","url":null,"abstract":"The reinforced concrete (RC) bridges deteriorate essentially due to strength loss induced by aging of the structure, extreme weathering conditions, and unplanned increased service loads. However, these load variations and aging factors equally could compromise structural reliability, and service life for continuous satisfactory operation of service bridges for future performance. A reasonable model of bridge strength and applied loads becomes the basis of accurate prediction of bridge functionality. Hence, time-dependent reliability approaches could be used efficiently to gain a reliable understanding of issues facing by the bridges in the study area for appropriate solutions. In this paper, the reliability of bridges under harsh conditions studied using time-variant and time-invariant reliability models in which both load and resistance considered as a time-dependent parameter. A combination of condition rating (CR) and time-dependent load employed to attain accurate insights about the degradation of structural resistance of the existing bridges. The result shows the significant impact of aging as well as traffic loads influence in the service life of both national highways (NH) and rural road service bridges. These observations might be used to adopt appropriate planning strategies as well as rational decisions to ensure the safety of the bridges for future operation.","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82575598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bridges are fundamental links for the movement of goods and people and bridge damage can thus have significant impacts on society and the economy. Earthquakes can be extremely destructive and can compromise bridge functionality, which is essential for communities. Evaluation of bridge functionality is thus fundamental in the planning of emergency responses and socioeconomic recovery procedures. It is especially useful to define parameters to assess investments in bridge infrastructure. Resilience is a key parameter that can identify decision making procedures necessary for recovery investments. In this regard, resilience can be defined as the rapidity of a system to return to pre-disaster levels of functionality. This aim of this work was to assess the lack of robust analytical procedures for quantifying systematic restoration for earthquake-damaged bridges, to provide a link between the assessment of resilience and its application in decision making approaches. The proposed methodology (called seismic resilience for recovery investments of bridges) uses functionality–time curves that allow quantification of resilience along with readable findings for a wider range of stakeholders. The results presented in this paper should be of interest to multi-sectorial actors (i.e. bridge owners, transportation authorities and public administrators) and could drive interdisciplinary applications such as the assessment of recovery techniques and solutions.
{"title":"Seismic resilience for recovery investments of bridges methodology","authors":"D. Forcellini, K. Walsh","doi":"10.1680/jbren.21.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00023","url":null,"abstract":"Bridges are fundamental links for the movement of goods and people and bridge damage can thus have significant impacts on society and the economy. Earthquakes can be extremely destructive and can compromise bridge functionality, which is essential for communities. Evaluation of bridge functionality is thus fundamental in the planning of emergency responses and socioeconomic recovery procedures. It is especially useful to define parameters to assess investments in bridge infrastructure. Resilience is a key parameter that can identify decision making procedures necessary for recovery investments. In this regard, resilience can be defined as the rapidity of a system to return to pre-disaster levels of functionality. This aim of this work was to assess the lack of robust analytical procedures for quantifying systematic restoration for earthquake-damaged bridges, to provide a link between the assessment of resilience and its application in decision making approaches. The proposed methodology (called seismic resilience for recovery investments of bridges) uses functionality–time curves that allow quantification of resilience along with readable findings for a wider range of stakeholders. The results presented in this paper should be of interest to multi-sectorial actors (i.e. bridge owners, transportation authorities and public administrators) and could drive interdisciplinary applications such as the assessment of recovery techniques and solutions.","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86786485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Pritchard, Ryan D. Simmonette, Kieran O'Connor, Cameron B. Gair
When construction of Kincardine Bridge was completed in 1936, it was the longest road bridge in Scotland and the largest swing-span bridge in Europe. 85 years on, the Historic Environment Scotland Category A listed bridge remains in service and carries approximately 12,000 vehicles daily across the Forth Estuary. On occasions when the Queensferry Crossing and Forth Road Bridge are closed simultaneously, the Kincardine Bridge offers the shortest available diversion route across the estuary for unrestricted traffic. A 2019 principal inspection highlighted deterioration to some structural elements and in 2020 DMRB bridge assessment standards were revised. As a result, a quantitative assessment was undertaken to provide confidence that the bridge remains safe for use and fit for purpose and to inform future maintenance requirements. This paper focuses on the multitude of structural forms that comprise the overall bridge and how they: - have comparably performed relating to durability over the past 85 years - have been quantitatively assessed - have comparably withstood present-day traffic loading criteria - will be maintained in future.
{"title":"Kincardine Bridge – An engineering triumph 85 years on","authors":"D. Pritchard, Ryan D. Simmonette, Kieran O'Connor, Cameron B. Gair","doi":"10.1680/jbren.21.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00010","url":null,"abstract":"When construction of Kincardine Bridge was completed in 1936, it was the longest road bridge in Scotland and the largest swing-span bridge in Europe. 85 years on, the Historic Environment Scotland Category A listed bridge remains in service and carries approximately 12,000 vehicles daily across the Forth Estuary. On occasions when the Queensferry Crossing and Forth Road Bridge are closed simultaneously, the Kincardine Bridge offers the shortest available diversion route across the estuary for unrestricted traffic. A 2019 principal inspection highlighted deterioration to some structural elements and in 2020 DMRB bridge assessment standards were revised. As a result, a quantitative assessment was undertaken to provide confidence that the bridge remains safe for use and fit for purpose and to inform future maintenance requirements. This paper focuses on the multitude of structural forms that comprise the overall bridge and how they: - have comparably performed relating to durability over the past 85 years - have been quantitatively assessed - have comparably withstood present-day traffic loading criteria - will be maintained in future.","PeriodicalId":44437,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84792161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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