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A Davidsonian Account of the Practicality of Practical Reasoning 戴维森对实践推理的实践性的描述
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2167
Alexander Leferman
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引用次数: 0
An Ignorance Account of Hard Choices 对艰难抉择的无知
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2193
Daniel Villiger
Ignorance is said to be the most widely accepted explanation of what makes choices hard (Chang 2017). But despite its apparent popularity, the debate on hard choices has been dominated by tetrachotomist (e.g., “parity”) and vagueness views. In fact, there is no elaborate ignorance account of hard choices. This article closes this research gap. In so doing, it connects the debate on hard choices with that on transformative experiences (Paul 2014). More precisely, an option’s transformative character can prevent us from epistemically accessing its expected value, promoting ignorance of how to rank the options. Methods of achieving an advance assessment of transformative experiences such as fine-graining, consulting testimony, and using higher-order facts can sometimes evade this epistemic blockade, but not always. Therefore, in cases where these methods fail, a choice can be hard because of our ignorance. The prominent hard choice between two careers could be such a case. When graduating from high school, many face a difficult decision: what to study, if additional education is sought, and, connected to this, what career to pursue. Studying medicine would probably lead to becoming a doctor. Studying law could lead to work as a lawyer, a judge, or a legal advisor. Studying economics could lead to work as a banker, a consultant, or an auditor. And studying philosophy could lead to work as a writer, an academic, or a teacher. Let’s put aside the fact that careers are of course not perfectly plannable (particularly for philosophy graduates). Which career, and thus which subject, should be preferred and consequently chosen? For some people, this decision is straightforward, since they know upfront what they want to become. For others, all but one option can be eliminated because they have no interest or talent in the other fields. For still others, at least two options remain with no clear winner. Let’s assume that some considerations suggest you should become a doctor, whereas others suggest you should become a philosopher. For instance, being a doctor offers the attraction of letting you directly help people. However, being a philosopher lets you pursue questions that deeply interest you. No matter how long you think about it, no preference emerges for one option over the Res Philosophica, Vol. 99, No. 3, July 2022, pp. 321–337 https://doi.org/10.11612/resphil.2193 © 2022 Daniel Villiger • © 2022 Res Philosophica
无知被认为是导致选择困难的最广泛接受的解释(Chang 2017)。但是，尽管它明显很受欢迎，关于艰难选择的辩论一直被四分论者(例如，“平等”)和模糊的观点所主导。事实上，对于艰难的选择，并没有详细的无知说明。本文填补了这一研究空白。通过这样做，它将关于艰难选择的辩论与关于变革经验的辩论联系起来(Paul 2014)。更准确地说，一个选项的变革性会阻止我们从认知上获得它的预期价值，从而导致我们对如何给这些选项排序的无知。实现对变革经验的预先评估的方法，如细粒度、咨询证词和使用高阶事实，有时可以逃避这种认知封锁，但并非总是如此。因此，在这些方法失败的情况下，由于我们的无知，很难做出选择。在两种职业之间的艰难抉择可能就是这样一个例子。高中毕业时，许多人面临着一个艰难的决定:学什么，是否需要额外的教育，以及与此相关的，从事什么职业。学医可能会导致成为一名医生。学习法律可以成为一名律师、法官或法律顾问。学习经济学可以让你成为银行家、顾问或审计员。学习哲学可以让你成为一名作家、学者或教师。让我们先撇开职业生涯当然不是完全可规划的这一事实(尤其是对哲学毕业生来说)。我们应该选择什么样的职业，从而选择什么样的学科?对有些人来说，这个决定很简单，因为他们事先知道自己想成为什么样的人。对于其他人来说，除了一种选择之外，其他所有的选择都可以被淘汰，因为他们对其他领域没有兴趣或天赋。对另外一些人来说，至少还有两种选择没有明确的赢家。让我们假设，有些人认为你应该成为一名医生，而另一些人则认为你应该成为一名哲学家。例如，作为一名医生提供了让你直接帮助别人的吸引力。然而，作为一个哲学家，你可以追求你深深感兴趣的问题。无论你思考多久，在Res Philosophica, Vol. 99, No. 3, July 2022, pp. 321-337 https://doi.org/10.11612/resphil.2193©2022 Daniel Villiger•©2022 Res Philosophica
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引用次数: 0
Are Mass Shooters a Social Kind? 大规模射击是一种社交类型吗?
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2231
Kurt M Blankschaen
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引用次数: 0
The Beatific Vision and the Metaphysics of Conscious Experience in John of Ripa 《利帕的约翰》中的幸福视野与意识经验的形而上学
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2155
J. Lavender
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引用次数: 0
Doing Public Philosophy in the Middle Ages? On the Philosophical Potential of Medieval Devotional Texts 在中世纪做公共哲学?论中世纪祈祷文本的哲学潜力
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2158
Amber L. Griffioen
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引用次数: 1
Throwing the Baby out with the Bathwater: The Dangers of Global and Local Ontologies in Scientific Metaphysics 把婴儿和洗澡水一起倒掉:科学形而上学中全局本体论和局部本体论的危险
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2207
S. Rajan
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引用次数: 0
The Voice of Reason: Medieval Contemplative Philosophy 理性之声:中世纪沉思哲学
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2218
C. Dyke
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引用次数: 0
Sine qua non Causes and Their Discontents 必要的原因及其不满
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2151
Zita V. Toth
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引用次数: 0
Carlos Vaz Ferreira on Freedom and Determinism 卡洛斯·瓦兹·费雷拉谈自由与决定论
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2256
Juan Garcia Torres
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引用次数: 0
Thomas Aquinas on Reprobation: The Arbitrariness Problem and Some Quiescence Solutions 托马斯·阿奎那论谴责:任意性问题和一些沉默的解决方法
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities
Res Philosophica
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11612/resphil.2135
Adam Wood
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引用次数: 1
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