Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-09-28DOI: 10.14485/HBPR.12.3.5
Asfand B Moosa, Christina M Segura, Ammar D Siddiqi, Hinal Patel, Tzuan A Chen, Anastasia Rogova, Marcy Zere, Ezemenari M Obasi, Lorraine R Reitzel
Objectives: Addiction to alcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs (ATOD) remains a leading cause of cancer and a contributor to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, disproportionately affecting marginalized and minoritized groups. Social and structural inequities including limited healthcare access, employment instability, inadequate housing, and environmental stressors increase these risks. A diverse scientific workforce is necessary to mitigate ATOD-related health disparities; yet underrepresentation persists in ATOD research. Helping Everyone Achieve a LifeTime of Health-Future Addiction Scientist Training (HEALTH-FAST) is a NIDA funded research education program that aims to reduce ATOD-related disparities by training future scholars in addiction science and health equity.
Methods: From 2021-2023, 8 Doctoral Scholars, 2 Postdoctoral Fellows, and 6 Early-Stage Investigators (44% Black, 19% Hispanic, 63% women; 37.5% disadvantaged and/or first generation) were trained in the HEALTH-FAST Program.
Results: The program achieved its objectives, showing gains in research knowledge (80% increase from baseline to program exit for Doctoral Scholars and 40% for Postdoctoral Fellows and Early-Stage Investigators, respectively), research self-efficacy (37% and 30% increases, respectively), and research preparation (47% and 35% increases, respectively). Scholars rated ATOD research presentations, professional development seminars, and other programming highly. Program satisfaction for both groups fell between 9 and 10; 10 = completely satisfied. As of April 2025, scholars produced 160 peer-reviewed publications and secured 41 grants.
Conclusions: HEALTH-FAST can serve as a model research education program to train historically excluded scholars and diversify the ATOD health equity research workforce to address related health disparities.
{"title":"Helping Everyone Achieve a LifeTime of Health - Future Addiction Scientist Training Program Outcomes.","authors":"Asfand B Moosa, Christina M Segura, Ammar D Siddiqi, Hinal Patel, Tzuan A Chen, Anastasia Rogova, Marcy Zere, Ezemenari M Obasi, Lorraine R Reitzel","doi":"10.14485/HBPR.12.3.5","DOIUrl":"10.14485/HBPR.12.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Addiction to alcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs (ATOD) remains a leading cause of cancer and a contributor to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, disproportionately affecting marginalized and minoritized groups. Social and structural inequities including limited healthcare access, employment instability, inadequate housing, and environmental stressors increase these risks. A diverse scientific workforce is necessary to mitigate ATOD-related health disparities; yet underrepresentation persists in ATOD research. Helping Everyone Achieve a LifeTime of Health-Future Addiction Scientist Training (HEALTH-FAST) is a NIDA funded research education program that aims to reduce ATOD-related disparities by training future scholars in addiction science and health equity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2021-2023, 8 Doctoral Scholars, 2 Postdoctoral Fellows, and 6 Early-Stage Investigators (44% Black, 19% Hispanic, 63% women; 37.5% disadvantaged and/or first generation) were trained in the HEALTH-FAST Program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The program achieved its objectives, showing gains in research knowledge (80% increase from baseline to program exit for Doctoral Scholars and 40% for Postdoctoral Fellows and Early-Stage Investigators, respectively), research self-efficacy (37% and 30% increases, respectively), and research preparation (47% and 35% increases, respectively). Scholars rated ATOD research presentations, professional development seminars, and other programming highly. Program satisfaction for both groups fell between 9 and 10; 10 = completely satisfied. As of April 2025, scholars produced 160 peer-reviewed publications and secured 41 grants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HEALTH-FAST can serve as a model research education program to train historically excluded scholars and diversify the ATOD health equity research workforce to address related health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"12 3","pages":"1956-1974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ty A Robinson, Nathan Grant Smith, Ezemenari M Obasi, Lorraine R Reitzel
Objective: In this study, we examined how internalized homonegativity (IH), a non-adaptive cognitive response to lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) minority stressors, related to the manifestation of somatic anxiety symptoms and reduced the likelihood of being a former smoker.
Methods: Participants (N = 77) smoked ≥ 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, some of whom successfully quit their use (N = 23 former smokers). The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale and the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety were used to assess IH and somatic anxiety.
Results: Current smokers experienced higher IH rates than former smokers (former = 0, current = 1; b = .65, p < .05). IH was positively associated with somatic anxiety (b = .17, p < .001), and the association between IH and smoking status was mediated through somatic anxiety (b = .17; CI = [.0002, .6539]).
Conclusion: One's experience with IH may be a risk factor for psychological distress and continued smoking. Current findings can aid in the development of future longitudinal or experimental studies to examine the causality between IH and somatic anxiety and include confounding variables.
{"title":"Internalized Homonegativity is Indirectly Associated with Smoking Status through Somatic Anxiety.","authors":"Ty A Robinson, Nathan Grant Smith, Ezemenari M Obasi, Lorraine R Reitzel","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.11.3.1","DOIUrl":"10.14485/hbpr.11.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we examined how internalized homonegativity (IH), a non-adaptive cognitive response to lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) minority stressors, related to the manifestation of somatic anxiety symptoms and reduced the likelihood of being a former smoker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (N = 77) smoked ≥ 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, some of whom successfully quit their use (N = 23 former smokers). The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale and the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety were used to assess IH and somatic anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current smokers experienced higher IH rates than former smokers (former = 0, current = 1; b = .65, p < .05). IH was positively associated with somatic anxiety (b = .17, p < .001), and the association between IH and smoking status was mediated through somatic anxiety (b = .17; CI = [.0002, .6539]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One's experience with IH may be a risk factor for psychological distress and continued smoking. Current findings can aid in the development of future longitudinal or experimental studies to examine the causality between IH and somatic anxiety and include confounding variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"11 3","pages":"1549-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of socioeconomic factors, movement behavior context, and self-reported physical and mental health in adults living in New York City. Methods: Participants were adults from the Physical Activity and Transit Survey (N = 3811; 53.2% female). The dependent variables were items asking about the number of days the participant experienced poor physical and mental health. Independent variables were socioeconomic factors and items asking about the frequency of physical activity (PA) within certain contexts and rest/sleep behaviors. Weighted multivariable negative binomial regression models examined the associations. Results: More days of bicycling transit (IRR = 0.79, p = .001) and higher levels of household income (IRR range = 0.44-0.66, p < .025) were associated with lower rates of poor physical health. More days of poor rest/sleep (IRR = 1.05, p < .001) and labor PA (IRR = 1.10, p < .001) were associated with higher rates of poor mental health, and higher household income (IRR range = 0.58-0.65, p < .01) were associated with a lower rate of poor mental health. Conclusions: The strength and direction of associations with self-reported health varied according to PA context. Poor rest/sleep and low household income were strongly associated with both poor physical and mental health.
{"title":"Socioeconomic Factors, Movement Behavior Context, and Self-reported Physical and Mental Health in Adults Living in New York City","authors":"Ryan Burns, Christopher D. Pfledderer, You Fu","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.10.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.10.5.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of socioeconomic factors, movement behavior context, and self-reported physical and mental health in adults living in New York City. Methods: Participants were adults from the Physical Activity and Transit Survey (N = 3811; 53.2% female). The dependent variables were items asking about the number of days the participant experienced poor physical and mental health. Independent variables were socioeconomic factors and items asking about the frequency of physical activity (PA) within certain contexts and rest/sleep behaviors. Weighted multivariable negative binomial regression models examined the associations. Results: More days of bicycling transit (IRR = 0.79, p = .001) and higher levels of household income (IRR range = 0.44-0.66, p < .025) were associated with lower rates of poor physical health. More days of poor rest/sleep (IRR = 1.05, p < .001) and labor PA (IRR = 1.10, p < .001) were associated with higher rates of poor mental health, and higher household income (IRR range = 0.58-0.65, p < .01) were associated with a lower rate of poor mental health. Conclusions: The strength and direction of associations with self-reported health varied according to PA context. Poor rest/sleep and low household income were strongly associated with both poor physical and mental health.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ann Amuta-Jimenez, Itunu O. Sokale, Lorraine Reitzel
Objective: Cervical cancer screening can prevent women across all age groups from developing cervical cancer (CC). However, Sub-Saharan African immigrant women (SAIW) sparsely engage in routine CC screening. Thus, developing prevention strategies to improve SAIW’s adherence to recommended CC screening guidelines is critical. To ensure that such strategies are successful, they must meet the needs of the target population. By conducting qualitative interviews with SAIW (N = 15), we aimed to get a deeper understanding of barriers to CC screening receipt. Methods: We asked SAIW about barriers to CC screening and possible ideas to facilitate their future screening behavior. Results: Our findings revealed that SAIW are especially affected by several major barriers: lack of awareness of CC guidelines, fear/fatalism, lack of resources (eg, a lack of time due to job and family commitment), other resource-related barriers (eg, unreliable mode of transport, and no health insurance), modesty, and overt bias. Participants indicated a preference for female healthcare providers for CC screening and suggested spousal involvement in CC intervention development to foster support. Conclusion: The identification of multi-level barriers indicates that multiple strategies are needed to improve the uptake of CC screening among SAIW.
目的：宫颈癌筛查可以预防各年龄段妇女患上宫颈癌（CC）。然而，撒哈拉以南非洲移民妇女（SAIW）很少进行常规宫颈癌筛查。因此，制定预防策略以提高撒哈拉以南非洲移民妇女对推荐的宫颈癌筛查指南的依从性至关重要。为确保此类策略取得成功，它们必须满足目标人群的需求。通过对 SAIW（N = 15）进行定性访谈，我们旨在深入了解接受 CC 筛查的障碍。方法：我们向 SAIW 询问了接受 CC 筛查的障碍以及促进其今后筛查行为的可能想法。结果：我们的研究结果表明，高收入妇女尤其受到以下几大障碍的影响：缺乏对CC指南的了解、恐惧/宿命论、缺乏资源（例如，由于工作和家庭负担而缺乏时间）、其他与资源相关的障碍（例如，不可靠的交通方式和没有医疗保险）、谦虚和明显的偏见。参与者表示更倾向于由女性医疗保健提供者进行 CC 筛查，并建议配偶参与 CC 干预措施的制定以促进支持。结论多层次障碍的识别表明，需要采取多种策略来提高SAIW对CC筛查的接受度。
{"title":"Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening among Sub-Saharan African Immigrant Women in the United States: A Qualitative Report","authors":"Ann Amuta-Jimenez, Itunu O. Sokale, Lorraine Reitzel","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.10.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.10.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Cervical cancer screening can prevent women across all age groups from developing cervical cancer (CC). However, Sub-Saharan African immigrant women (SAIW) sparsely engage in routine CC screening. Thus, developing prevention strategies to improve SAIW’s adherence to recommended CC screening guidelines is critical. To ensure that such strategies are successful, they must meet the needs of the target population. By conducting qualitative interviews with SAIW (N = 15), we aimed to get a deeper understanding of barriers to CC screening receipt. Methods: We asked SAIW about barriers to CC screening and possible ideas to facilitate their future screening behavior. Results: Our findings revealed that SAIW are especially affected by several major barriers: lack of awareness of CC guidelines, fear/fatalism, lack of resources (eg, a lack of time due to job and family commitment), other resource-related barriers (eg, unreliable mode of transport, and no health insurance), modesty, and overt bias. Participants indicated a preference for female healthcare providers for CC screening and suggested spousal involvement in CC intervention development to foster support. Conclusion: The identification of multi-level barriers indicates that multiple strategies are needed to improve the uptake of CC screening among SAIW.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the common factors that impact physical activity (PA), academic self-efficacy, and depression in junior high school students. A systematic electronic search for studies on the factors of PA, academic self-efficacy, and depression in junior high school students was performed through July 10, 2023. Methods: The search was conducted using the PsycINFO, ERIC, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORT Discus, and Web of Science databases. Results: Mindfulness, social support, self-esteem, family structure, emotional intelligence, and school PA program engagement were identified as the common factors that enhance junior high school students’ PA, academic self-efficacy, and depression. Conclusions: At the practical level, the findings of this study will contribute to the development of a framework for improving junior high school students’ PA, academic self-efficacy, and depression.
研究目的本研究旨在确定影响初中生体育锻炼（PA）、学习自我效能感和抑郁的共同因素。在 2023 年 7 月 10 日之前，对初中生体育锻炼、学业自我效能感和抑郁因素的相关研究进行了系统的电子检索。研究方法：使用 PsycINFO、ERIC、Cochrane Library、PubMed、SPORT Discus 和 Web of Science 数据库进行检索。研究结果发现正念、社会支持、自尊、家庭结构、情商和学校体育锻炼计划的参与是提高初中生体育锻炼、学业自我效能感和抑郁的共同因素。结论：在实践层面上，本研究的结果将有助于制定一个框架，以改善初中生的课余活动、学业自我效能感和抑郁状况。
{"title":"Exploring the Common Factors that Influence Physical Activity, Academic Self-efficacy, and Depression among Junior High School Students: A Literature Review","authors":"Dan Bai, Asha Hashim","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.10.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.10.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the common factors that impact physical activity (PA), academic self-efficacy, and depression in junior high school students. A systematic electronic search for studies on the factors of PA, academic self-efficacy, and depression in junior high school students was performed through July 10, 2023. Methods: The search was conducted using the PsycINFO, ERIC, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORT Discus, and Web of Science databases. Results: Mindfulness, social support, self-esteem, family structure, emotional intelligence, and school PA program engagement were identified as the common factors that enhance junior high school students’ PA, academic self-efficacy, and depression. Conclusions: At the practical level, the findings of this study will contribute to the development of a framework for improving junior high school students’ PA, academic self-efficacy, and depression.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Whole person care typically includes a biopsychosocial, interdisciplinary treatment approach with the intent of improved health outcomes and savings in total dollars spent on healthcare providers and services. Its multidimensional approach to a patient’s physical and mental health makes it the model of choice for achieving the quadruple aim of healthcare reform. However, we argue that whole person care is incomplete in its current form due to its lack of attention to the public health impact of stress and psychological trauma. Methods: We used seminal articles, original research and theory, and a variety of databases such as PubMed, and Google Scholar to research our topic. Results: Whole person care would benefit from the integration of traumainformed care practices, so that it can better meet the quadruple aim by addressing these broader public health concerns. Trauma-informed care was selected because it understands, recognizes, and responds appropriately to trauma in patients and providers, which enhances the effectiveness of healthcare delivery and reduces the impact of social inequity. Conclusion: Integrating traumainformed care into whole person care can help achieve the quadruple aim, as well as the newly proposed fifth aim of advancing health equity, because social inequity increases stress and exposure to psychological trauma.
目的：全人护理通常包括一种生物-心理-社会的跨学科治疗方法，目的是改善健康状况，节省医疗服务提供者和服务的总费用。这种从多维度关注患者身心健康的方法使其成为实现医疗改革四重目标的首选模式。然而，我们认为，由于缺乏对压力和心理创伤对公共健康影响的关注，目前形式的全人护理是不完整的。研究方法我们使用了开创性文章、原创研究和理论，以及 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 等各种数据库来研究我们的课题。研究结果全人护理将受益于创伤知情护理实践的整合，从而通过解决这些更广泛的公共健康问题，更好地实现四重目标。之所以选择 "创伤知情护理"，是因为它能够理解、认识并适当应对患者和医疗服务提供者的创伤，从而提高医疗服务的有效性并减少社会不平等的影响。结论将创伤知情护理纳入全人护理有助于实现四重目标以及新提出的第五个目标，即促进健康公平，因为社会不公平会增加压力和心理创伤的暴露。
{"title":"Trauma Informed Care Can Enhance Whole Person Care to Meet the Quadruple Aim","authors":"Rebecca Perley, Barbara Ganzel","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.10.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.10.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Whole person care typically includes a biopsychosocial, interdisciplinary treatment approach with the intent of improved health outcomes and savings in total dollars spent on healthcare providers and services. Its multidimensional approach to a patient’s physical and mental health makes it the model of choice for achieving the quadruple aim of healthcare reform. However, we argue that whole person care is incomplete in its current form due to its lack of attention to the public health impact of stress and psychological trauma. Methods: We used seminal articles, original research and theory, and a variety of databases such as PubMed, and Google Scholar to research our topic. Results: Whole person care would benefit from the integration of traumainformed care practices, so that it can better meet the quadruple aim by addressing these broader public health concerns. Trauma-informed care was selected because it understands, recognizes, and responds appropriately to trauma in patients and providers, which enhances the effectiveness of healthcare delivery and reduces the impact of social inequity. Conclusion: Integrating traumainformed care into whole person care can help achieve the quadruple aim, as well as the newly proposed fifth aim of advancing health equity, because social inequity increases stress and exposure to psychological trauma.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies for increasing participation rates of freelance laborers in voluntary social insurance (VSI) programs in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Methods: We surveyed a sample of 400 persons and analyzed the data using SPSS 20 software. Both exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the level and nature of the relationships among the variables. Results: The intention of laborers to participate in VSI in the rural regions of Thai Nguyen province was influenced by 5 factors – information, trust, attitude, risk perceptions, and knowledge. Nonetheless, the extent of impact varied across the distinct factors. Conclusions: To enhance participation rates in social insurance, it is imperative for policymakers and other relevant stakeholders to engage in information dissemination through a diverse array of channels, such as clubs, individuals, and local organizations. This strategy will serve to ensure that individuals possess a heightened comprehension of the tangible advantages associated with participation in social insurance programs.
{"title":"Improving the Participation Rates of Freelance Laborers in Voluntary Social Insurance Programs in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam","authors":"Luong Bui, Dung Nguyen, Linh Dinh","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.10.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.10.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies for increasing participation rates of freelance laborers in voluntary social insurance (VSI) programs in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Methods: We surveyed a sample of 400 persons and analyzed the data using SPSS 20 software. Both exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the level and nature of the relationships among the variables. Results: The intention of laborers to participate in VSI in the rural regions of Thai Nguyen province was influenced by 5 factors – information, trust, attitude, risk perceptions, and knowledge. Nonetheless, the extent of impact varied across the distinct factors. Conclusions: To enhance participation rates in social insurance, it is imperative for policymakers and other relevant stakeholders to engage in information dissemination through a diverse array of channels, such as clubs, individuals, and local organizations. This strategy will serve to ensure that individuals possess a heightened comprehension of the tangible advantages associated with participation in social insurance programs.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135005413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Carpenter, Michelle Marcus, Mary-Margaret Chren, Brandyn Churchill
Objective: Our objective was to determine whether state SUNucate laws – which have been adopted by 27 states and require schools to permit youths to carry and apply sunscreen on school grounds – were associated with changes in Google Search behavior for words and phrases related to sun protection as well as self-reported sunscreen use by youths. Methods: This was an observational study examining: (1) Google Trends search popularity for terms such as "sunscreen" and "SPF" by state, month, and year for 2004-2022; and (2) self-reported sunscreen use by high school youth in the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey during 2009-2019. Results: State SUNucate laws were associated with increased Google search popularity of terms related to sun protection. Google search popularity for ‘sunscreen’ increased by 27.2% (95% CI 12.67% to 41.7%; p < .001). State SUNucate laws were also associated with increased sunscreen use among high school youths by 8.3% (95% CI 0.014% to 15.0%; p < .05). Conclusion: State SUNucate laws may be effective tools for increasing population search behavior for sun protection terms and youth sunscreen use.
{"title":"State SUNucate Laws, the Popularity of Google Searches for Terms Related to Sun Protection, and Youth Sunscreen Use","authors":"Christopher Carpenter, Michelle Marcus, Mary-Margaret Chren, Brandyn Churchill","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.10.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.10.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Our objective was to determine whether state SUNucate laws – which have been adopted by 27 states and require schools to permit youths to carry and apply sunscreen on school grounds – were associated with changes in Google Search behavior for words and phrases related to sun protection as well as self-reported sunscreen use by youths. Methods: This was an observational study examining: (1) Google Trends search popularity for terms such as \"sunscreen\" and \"SPF\" by state, month, and year for 2004-2022; and (2) self-reported sunscreen use by high school youth in the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey during 2009-2019. Results: State SUNucate laws were associated with increased Google search popularity of terms related to sun protection. Google search popularity for ‘sunscreen’ increased by 27.2% (95% CI 12.67% to 41.7%; p < .001). State SUNucate laws were also associated with increased sunscreen use among high school youths by 8.3% (95% CI 0.014% to 15.0%; p < .05). Conclusion: State SUNucate laws may be effective tools for increasing population search behavior for sun protection terms and youth sunscreen use.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135005412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin McDaniel, Michelle McDaniel, Ryan Redner, Eric Jacobs, Ian Crunk
Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the Moral Injury Purchase Task, a novel behavioral economic tool, and to understand military recruits’ sensitivity to morally injurious events. Methods: Participants (N = 26) read a scenario that could prompt hypothetical feelings of moral injury and then reported the number of years they would purchase services – at varying price points – to help forget their experiences in war. Participants also completed the Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES). We calculated various demand indices and developed demand curves for military recruits and service/members veterans using Koffarnus et al’s equation. Results: Results showed that the demand curves for the 2 populations were not significantly different (F1, 438 = 5.30, p = .07) and the coefficient of determination was satisfactory when modeled on the entire sample (R2 = .90). MIES scores were positively associated with participants’ Pmax values (p = .03), providing preliminary evidence of convergent validity. Conclusions: This study provides initial evidence of the utility of using behavioral economics to assist in identifying recruits’ susceptibility to moral injury and thereby better target preventive services.
{"title":"Using Behavioral Economics to Predict Sensitivity to Moral Injury in Military Recruits: Validation of the Moral Injury Purchase Task","authors":"Justin McDaniel, Michelle McDaniel, Ryan Redner, Eric Jacobs, Ian Crunk","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.10.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.10.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the Moral Injury Purchase Task, a novel behavioral economic tool, and to understand military recruits’ sensitivity to morally injurious events. Methods: Participants (N = 26) read a scenario that could prompt hypothetical feelings of moral injury and then reported the number of years they would purchase services – at varying price points – to help forget their experiences in war. Participants also completed the Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES). We calculated various demand indices and developed demand curves for military recruits and service/members veterans using Koffarnus et al’s equation. Results: Results showed that the demand curves for the 2 populations were not significantly different (F1, 438 = 5.30, p = .07) and the coefficient of determination was satisfactory when modeled on the entire sample (R2 = .90). MIES scores were positively associated with participants’ Pmax values (p = .03), providing preliminary evidence of convergent validity. Conclusions: This study provides initial evidence of the utility of using behavioral economics to assist in identifying recruits’ susceptibility to moral injury and thereby better target preventive services.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua Wilke, Cahit Kaya, Wajiha Akhtar, William Bull, Sarah Krechel, Randall Brown, Ryan Westergaard, David Seal
Objective: People who inject drugs (PWIDs) often face stigma, leading to barriers in accessing healthcare and may contribute to negative health outcomes. The objective of this study was to understand and describe the manifestations of stigma toward PWIDs and their impact on the utilization of essential prevention services. Methods: We interviewed 44 persons knowledgeable about PWIDs’ healthcare needs. Interviews explored perceptions of the community, healthcare service providers, law enforcement attitudes toward PWIDs, and treatment services. Results: Respondents believed that the community generally has stigmatizing attitudes towards PWIDs; treatment program personnel and healthcare providers have less stigmatized attitudes but could benefit from more education and training on drug use and addiction. Conclusions: Education and training on stigma and its negative impact on the lives of PWIDs for K-12 students and for healthcare professionals (eg, treatment options, harm reduction strategies) might mitigate stigma toward PWIDs and improve access to services and outcomes.
{"title":"Provider Perceptions of Attitudes toward People who Inject Drugs and Treatment Services among Community Members, Service Providers, and Law Enforcement Officials","authors":"Joshua Wilke, Cahit Kaya, Wajiha Akhtar, William Bull, Sarah Krechel, Randall Brown, Ryan Westergaard, David Seal","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.10.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.10.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: People who inject drugs (PWIDs) often face stigma, leading to barriers in accessing healthcare and may contribute to negative health outcomes. The objective of this study was to understand and describe the manifestations of stigma toward PWIDs and their impact on the utilization of essential prevention services. Methods: We interviewed 44 persons knowledgeable about PWIDs’ healthcare needs. Interviews explored perceptions of the community, healthcare service providers, law enforcement attitudes toward PWIDs, and treatment services. Results: Respondents believed that the community generally has stigmatizing attitudes towards PWIDs; treatment program personnel and healthcare providers have less stigmatized attitudes but could benefit from more education and training on drug use and addiction. Conclusions: Education and training on stigma and its negative impact on the lives of PWIDs for K-12 students and for healthcare professionals (eg, treatment options, harm reduction strategies) might mitigate stigma toward PWIDs and improve access to services and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135005414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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