L. Zarei, Farimah Rahimi, Seyed Taghi Heydari, E. Parcham, Kamran Bagheri Lankarania
Objective: The health or livelihood paradox has become a significant issue due to the adverse effects of COVID-19 disease on the lives of millions of people in the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate the economic impacts resulting from the pandemic on Iranian households and their coping strategies and resilience. Methods: We recruited Iranian people > 18 years of age to complete a cross-sectional online survey from May 1 to June 20, 2020 (670 participants). It dealt with socio-economic and demographic features, exposure and death due to COVID-19, businesses influenced by COVID-19, household economic status after the pandemic, and coping and resilience strategies. Results: The most applied financial coping strategies were receiving loans or credits, decreasing household consumption, and selling assets and livelihoods, respectively. Half of households had already lost their income due to COVID-19-related job losses or its direct costs. Normalization of the economic situation would take more than 2 years for 8% of these households. Conclusions: The current study showed that COVID-19 economic effects could be severe and irreversible for vulnerable households. The support of policymakers, financial services providers, and private sector companies is critical in building financial resilience through the crisis and beyond.
{"title":"The Economic Impact of COVID-19 and Related Coping and Resilience Strategies: The Experience of Iranian Households","authors":"L. Zarei, Farimah Rahimi, Seyed Taghi Heydari, E. Parcham, Kamran Bagheri Lankarania","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The health or livelihood paradox has become a significant issue due to the adverse effects of COVID-19 disease on the lives of millions of people in the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate the economic impacts resulting from the pandemic on Iranian households and their coping strategies and resilience. Methods: We recruited Iranian people > 18 years of age to complete a cross-sectional online survey from May 1 to June 20, 2020 (670 participants). It dealt with socio-economic and demographic features, exposure and death due to COVID-19, businesses influenced by COVID-19, household economic status after the pandemic, and coping and resilience strategies. Results: The most applied financial coping strategies were receiving loans or credits, decreasing household consumption, and selling assets and livelihoods, respectively. Half of households had already lost their income due to COVID-19-related job losses or its direct costs. Normalization of the economic situation would take more than 2 years for 8% of these households. Conclusions: The current study showed that COVID-19 economic effects could be severe and irreversible for vulnerable households. The support of policymakers, financial services providers, and private sector companies is critical in building financial resilience through the crisis and beyond.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45039885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily Jones, Megan Weemer, Joseph Lee, Andrew D. Eberline, Tyler J. Kybartas
Objective: In this study, we examined school and environmental factors associated with readiness to implement school-based wellness initiatives. Methods: We used an exploratory mixed methods design to assess facilitators and barriers to school wellness policy implementation. We conducted school site visits in 8 K-12 schools in one midwestern school district. We collected quantitative and qualitative data to measure school wellness environments and readiness for change. We used a one-way ANOVA to examine associations between readiness for change and school wellness environments. We analyzed qualitative data inductively; school- and district-level themes emerged. Results: One-way ANOVA results revealed schools in the high readiness (HR) group reported more active school wellness teams than those in the low readiness (LR) group (F(1,6) = 8.442, p = .03). Qualitative data indicated that establishing local school wellness committees was an area of growth needed for all schools. Areas of need in HR schools included enhancing school wellness policy communication, leadership, and staff wellness initiatives. Areas of need in LR schools focused on providing more physical activity and wellness opportunities for students. Conclusion: Readiness for change is a promising metric that could associate with more physical activity opportunities, better wellness team function, and perhaps, wellness policy implementation.
{"title":"Environmental Constructs Associated with School Readiness to Implement Wellness Initiatives","authors":"Emily Jones, Megan Weemer, Joseph Lee, Andrew D. Eberline, Tyler J. Kybartas","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we examined school and environmental factors associated with readiness to implement school-based wellness initiatives. Methods: We used an exploratory mixed methods design to assess facilitators and barriers to school wellness policy implementation. We conducted school site visits in 8 K-12 schools in one midwestern school district. We collected quantitative and qualitative data to measure school wellness environments and readiness for change. We used a one-way ANOVA to examine associations between readiness for change and school wellness environments. We analyzed qualitative data inductively; school- and district-level themes emerged. Results: One-way ANOVA results revealed schools in the high readiness (HR) group reported more active school wellness teams than those in the low readiness (LR) group (F(1,6) = 8.442, p = .03). Qualitative data indicated that establishing local school wellness committees was an area of growth needed for all schools. Areas of need in HR schools included enhancing school wellness policy communication, leadership, and staff wellness initiatives. Areas of need in LR schools focused on providing more physical activity and wellness opportunities for students. Conclusion: Readiness for change is a promising metric that could associate with more physical activity opportunities, better wellness team function, and perhaps, wellness policy implementation.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44212571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Rakowski, T. Stump, P. Monahan, Eric Vachon, T. Imperiale, S. Rawl, V. Champion
Objective: Losing participants’ self-report data affects process and outcome analyses, and ultimately, conclusions about results. In this paper, we examine predictors of loss to self-report data collection and attempt to identify potential predictors that can be addressed prospectively. Methods: Data were from a study to increase colorectal and breast cancer screening in women 50-75 years of age (N = 1196). We collected self-report data at baseline (T1), 4 weeks (T2), and 6 months (T3) after consent. Analyses identified predictors of earliest loss (T1 vs T1,T2,T3), intermediate loss (T1 vs T1,T2), and later loss (T1,T2 vs T1,T2,T3). Results: Cancer knowledge and self-reported screening barriers were associated with loss to follow-up. More health problems were associated with less intermediate loss to follow-up, but higher loss to later follow-up. Two intervention groups (Web Only, and Web + Phone) showed greater loss compared to Usual Care. Being overdue for both screenings predicted early loss. Completing the T1 survey by phone was associated with greater loss to follow-up. Conclusions: Knowledge and barriers may have had an early effect, whereas health problems might have had a delayed impact. Intervention characteristics also need to be considered as a source of task demands on participants.
目的：丢失参与者的自我报告数据会影响过程和结果分析，并最终影响对结果的结论。在本文中，我们检查了自我报告数据收集损失的预测因素，并试图确定可以前瞻性解决的潜在预测因素。方法：数据来自一项增加50-75岁女性癌症结直肠癌和乳腺癌筛查的研究（N=1196）。我们收集了同意后基线（T1）、4周（T2）和6个月（T3）的自我报告数据。分析确定了最早损失（T1 vs T1，T2，T3）、中期损失（T1 vs T1，T2）和后期损失（T1，T2 vs T1，T2，T3）的预测因素。结果：癌症知识和自我报告的筛查障碍与随访损失相关。更多的健康问题与较少的中期随访损失有关，但与更高的后期随访损失有关。与常规护理相比，两个干预组（仅网络和网络+电话）显示出更大的损失。两次放映都逾期了，预计会提前损失。通过电话完成T1调查与更大的随访损失有关。结论：知识和障碍可能产生了早期影响，而健康问题可能产生了延迟影响。干预特征也需要被视为参与者任务需求的来源。
{"title":"Predictors of Loss to Self-report Follow-up Data Collection in a Cancer Screening Intervention","authors":"W. Rakowski, T. Stump, P. Monahan, Eric Vachon, T. Imperiale, S. Rawl, V. Champion","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Losing participants’ self-report data affects process and outcome analyses, and ultimately, conclusions about results. In this paper, we examine predictors of loss to self-report data collection and attempt to identify potential predictors that can be addressed prospectively. Methods: Data were from a study to increase colorectal and breast cancer screening in women 50-75 years of age (N = 1196). We collected self-report data at baseline (T1), 4 weeks (T2), and 6 months (T3) after consent. Analyses identified predictors of earliest loss (T1 vs T1,T2,T3), intermediate loss (T1 vs T1,T2), and later loss (T1,T2 vs T1,T2,T3). Results: Cancer knowledge and self-reported screening barriers were associated with loss to follow-up. More health problems were associated with less intermediate loss to follow-up, but higher loss to later follow-up. Two intervention groups (Web Only, and Web + Phone) showed greater loss compared to Usual Care. Being overdue for both screenings predicted early loss. Completing the T1 survey by phone was associated with greater loss to follow-up. Conclusions: Knowledge and barriers may have had an early effect, whereas health problems might have had a delayed impact. Intervention characteristics also need to be considered as a source of task demands on participants.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45405221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva C Igler, S. Everhart, Jillian E. Austin, Amy C. Lang, W. Hobart Davies
Objective: Many schools implement health screening programs that include weight measurement. The potential negative consequences and effectiveness of these programs in improving adolescent health remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of weight measurement practices among emerging adults, some of whom (64%) had previously had their weight measured in a school setting. Methods: Altogether, 239 primarily white (75%) and female (66%) emerging adults provided their opinion regarding school weight measurement policies and experiences being weighed in middle and/or high school. Results: Overall, 37% of the total sample, regardless of personal experience, reported a negative reaction to school weight measurement policy, and 19% described course requirements for weight measurement as unhelpful. Of participants who reported being weighed in a school setting, 31% indicated a negative reaction, 57% rated the process as inappropriate, and 40% rated the process as uncomfortable. Conclusions: Many students may respond negatively to being weighed in the school setting. If schools implement a weight measurement policy, it is essential they mitigate risks and follow the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) criteria for general health screening programs in schools. We provide suggestions for implementing AAP criteria.
{"title":"Student Concerns Regarding School-based Weight Measurement: Implications for Policy","authors":"Eva C Igler, S. Everhart, Jillian E. Austin, Amy C. Lang, W. Hobart Davies","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Many schools implement health screening programs that include weight measurement. The potential negative consequences and effectiveness of these programs in improving adolescent health remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of weight measurement practices among emerging adults, some of whom (64%) had previously had their weight measured in a school setting. Methods: Altogether, 239 primarily white (75%) and female (66%) emerging adults provided their opinion regarding school weight measurement policies and experiences being weighed in middle and/or high school. Results: Overall, 37% of the total sample, regardless of personal experience, reported a negative reaction to school weight measurement policy, and 19% described course requirements for weight measurement as unhelpful. Of participants who reported being weighed in a school setting, 31% indicated a negative reaction, 57% rated the process as inappropriate, and 40% rated the process as uncomfortable. Conclusions: Many students may respond negatively to being weighed in the school setting. If schools implement a weight measurement policy, it is essential they mitigate risks and follow the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) criteria for general health screening programs in schools. We provide suggestions for implementing AAP criteria.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47020268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Elslami, Fatemeh Bastami, Arash Ardalan, M. Almasian, Maryam Alibakhshi
Objective: Energy drink consumption has been increasing among youth. In this study, we aimed to examine the patterns of energy drink consumption and their relationships with the use of sweetened beverages such as soda and packaged fruit juice as well as alcohol consumption and smoking among college students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study in which data were collected during the 2018-2019 academic year for 9 months from October to July. Our sample was a random selection of 373 students attending Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. We used logistic regression analysis, chi-square, and independent t-tests for data analysis. Results: Overall, 31.6% of men and 27% of women had consumed energy drinks. Men consumed energy drinks 1.3 times more than women did. Preferring the taste was the most frequent reason (30.8%) for energy drink consumption. Having energy drinks was associated with consumption of sweetened beverages and alcohol (p < .001). The mean consumption of sweetened beverages and alcoholic drinks, and smoking was significantly higher among men than women (p < .05). Conclusion: A sizable percentage of students consumed energy drinks because of the taste. This indicates that they should be informed about the harmful ingredients in these drinks.
{"title":"Energy Drink Consumption and Increased Risk of Smoking and Alcohol and Sweetened Beverages Use among University Students","authors":"Ahmad Elslami, Fatemeh Bastami, Arash Ardalan, M. Almasian, Maryam Alibakhshi","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Energy drink consumption has been increasing among youth. In this study, we aimed to examine the patterns of energy drink consumption and their relationships with the use of sweetened beverages such as soda and packaged fruit juice as well as alcohol consumption and smoking among college students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study in which data were collected during the 2018-2019 academic year for 9 months from October to July. Our sample was a random selection of 373 students attending Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. We used logistic regression analysis, chi-square, and independent t-tests for data analysis. Results: Overall, 31.6% of men and 27% of women had consumed energy drinks. Men consumed energy drinks 1.3 times more than women did. Preferring the taste was the most frequent reason (30.8%) for energy drink consumption. Having energy drinks was associated with consumption of sweetened beverages and alcohol (p < .001). The mean consumption of sweetened beverages and alcoholic drinks, and smoking was significantly higher among men than women (p < .05). Conclusion: A sizable percentage of students consumed energy drinks because of the taste. This indicates that they should be informed about the harmful ingredients in these drinks.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48009497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this study, we monitored and intervened in the emotional status of college students to understand the effect of intervention measures on the prevention and control of non-suicidal self-harm, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of self-harm in college students. Methods: We conducted a baseline survey of 1832 first-year students across 3 vocational colleges in Chongqing, China in October 2019. In October 2020, we followed-up regarding the nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) occurrences among our original respondents. During the year, students’ emotions were regularly monitored. The students who scored > 10 and had moderate suicidal thoughts were provided counseling to reduce their emotional stress. If the students could not reduce these emotions, their counselors contacted the school psychological center for professional counseling. If the school psychological counseling center diagnosed the students with severe depression, the counselors informed their parents and suggested hospital treatment. Results: The detection rate of NSSI history was 18.52% (320/1728), and the detection rate of the follow-up survey was 8.13% (137/1685); the difference in the detection rate was statistically significant (χ2 = 128.3103, p < .001). Conclusions: Our results show that monitoring and intervening in college students’ emotional states can prevent the occurrence of NSSI behavior.
目的:本研究通过对大学生的情绪状态进行监测和干预，了解干预措施对预防和控制大学生非自杀性自我伤害的效果，为预防和控制大学生自我伤害提供参考。方法:于2019年10月对重庆市3所高职院校1832名一年级学生进行基线调查。2020年10月，我们对原始受访者的非自杀性自伤(NSSI)事件进行了随访。在这一年里，学生们的情绪会被定期监测。研究人员为得分为bb10分、有中度自杀念头的学生提供心理咨询，以减轻他们的情绪压力。如果学生不能减少这些情绪，他们的辅导员联系学校心理中心进行专业咨询。如果学校心理咨询中心诊断出学生患有严重的抑郁症，咨询师会通知家长并建议去医院治疗。结果:自伤史检出率为18.52%(320/1728)，随访调查检出率为8.13% (137/1685);检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 128.3103, p < 0.001)。结论:通过对大学生情绪状态的监测和干预，可以预防自伤行为的发生。
{"title":"Effect of Emotional Distress Monitoring and Intervention in Preventing Non-suicidal Self-injury (NSSI) of College Students","authors":"Chun-Yin Chen, Xianrong Li, Yu Deng","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we monitored and intervened in the emotional status of college students to understand the effect of intervention measures on the prevention and control of non-suicidal self-harm, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of self-harm in college students. Methods: We conducted a baseline survey of 1832 first-year students across 3 vocational colleges in Chongqing, China in October 2019. In October 2020, we followed-up regarding the nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) occurrences among our original respondents. During the year, students’ emotions were regularly monitored. The students who scored > 10 and had moderate suicidal thoughts were provided counseling to reduce their emotional stress. If the students could not reduce these emotions, their counselors contacted the school psychological center for professional counseling. If the school psychological counseling center diagnosed the students with severe depression, the counselors informed their parents and suggested hospital treatment. Results: The detection rate of NSSI history was 18.52% (320/1728), and the detection rate of the follow-up survey was 8.13% (137/1685); the difference in the detection rate was statistically significant (χ2 = 128.3103, p < .001). Conclusions: Our results show that monitoring and intervening in college students’ emotional states can prevent the occurrence of NSSI behavior.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ksenia N. Tonyushkina, Nicholas Koran, I. Guttmann-Bauman
Objective: In this study, we quantified the amount of time that pediatric diabetes care providers spend in non-reimbursable activities and evaluated the predictors related to clinic structure and educational and behavioral care diabetes support. Methods: We distributed an anonymous electronic survey via email to Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) members and requested information about their practice and about non-reimbursable time spent during an average week not on call. Results: A total of 96 diabetes providers completed the survey. Most providers spent 1-2 hours a day on non-billable activities and 60% of them worked on weekends. Providers from medium sized programs and those without fellowships saw more patients than providers from small and large programs and those with fellowships. The same groups had the least assistance from certified diabetes care and education specialists (CDCES) and social workers. Providers from practices allowing CDCES to review blood glucose data and adjust insulin spent significantly less time on this activity themselves. Conclusions: We call for the development of new reimbursement models, noting increasing demands of technology, need for longitudinal care between visits and ensuring sustainability and equity of pediatric diabetes care.
{"title":"Non-reimbursable Workload in Pediatric Diabetes Care – the Providers’ Perspective","authors":"Ksenia N. Tonyushkina, Nicholas Koran, I. Guttmann-Bauman","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we quantified the amount of time that pediatric diabetes care providers spend in non-reimbursable activities and evaluated the predictors related to clinic structure and educational and behavioral care diabetes support. Methods: We distributed an anonymous electronic survey via email to Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) members and requested information about their practice and about non-reimbursable time spent during an average week not on call. Results: A total of 96 diabetes providers completed the survey. Most providers spent 1-2 hours a day on non-billable activities and 60% of them worked on weekends. Providers from medium sized programs and those without fellowships saw more patients than providers from small and large programs and those with fellowships. The same groups had the least assistance from certified diabetes care and education specialists (CDCES) and social workers. Providers from practices allowing CDCES to review blood glucose data and adjust insulin spent significantly less time on this activity themselves. Conclusions: We call for the development of new reimbursement models, noting increasing demands of technology, need for longitudinal care between visits and ensuring sustainability and equity of pediatric diabetes care.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43293071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Our primary objective was to understand bullying as it pertains to middle school students with chronic physical or behavioral health conditions by examining it through the lens of school nurses. A second objective was to understand issues pertaining to implementation of New York’s bullying prevention law with a focus on these same students. Methods: We employed a qualitative descriptive design with purposive sampling to explore perspectives of school nurses in New York State who worked in public middle schools. Using a semi-structured protocol, we conducted audio-recorded telephone interviews that were transcribed for subsequent thematic analysis. Results: Twelve nurses agreed to be interviewed. Results revealed participants’ understanding of bullying as related to students with chronic health conditions, especially those with behavioral health issues. Results also showed nurses’ limited understanding of New York’s bullying prevention law and missed opportunities for school nurses as champions of students with chronic health conditions who are bullied. Conclusions: Education and health care professionals should collaborate to disseminate information to school personnel about the risks of bullying for students with chronic health conditions and operationalize plans for prevention.
{"title":"School Nurses’ Perspectives of Bullying Involvement of Adolescents with Chronic Health Conditions","authors":"Sally S. Cohen, Laura Grunin, T. Guetterman","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Our primary objective was to understand bullying as it pertains to middle school students with chronic physical or behavioral health conditions by examining it through the lens of school nurses. A second objective was to understand issues pertaining to implementation of New York’s bullying prevention law with a focus on these same students. Methods: We employed a qualitative descriptive design with purposive sampling to explore perspectives of school nurses in New York State who worked in public middle schools. Using a semi-structured protocol, we conducted audio-recorded telephone interviews that were transcribed for subsequent thematic analysis. Results: Twelve nurses agreed to be interviewed. Results revealed participants’ understanding of bullying as related to students with chronic health conditions, especially those with behavioral health issues. Results also showed nurses’ limited understanding of New York’s bullying prevention law and missed opportunities for school nurses as champions of students with chronic health conditions who are bullied. Conclusions: Education and health care professionals should collaborate to disseminate information to school personnel about the risks of bullying for students with chronic health conditions and operationalize plans for prevention.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49381841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this study, we examined the effect of locus of control and gender on perceived stress in adolescents. Methods: Using random sampling, 400 adolescents (200 boys and 200 girls) were selected from 5 different educational institutions in the city of Cuttack, India. We administered Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, and the obtained scores were subjected to an extreme group analysis for shortlisting 200 adolescents (100 boys and 100 girls) with extreme (low and high) scores. Subsequently, the shortlisted students were administered Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, and the scores obtained were analyzed using a between-subjects ANOVA. Results: The effect of locus of control on perceived stress was found to be statistically significant, and internal-control adolescents reported lower perceived stress than external-control adolescents. However, both the main effect of gender and the interaction effect (locus of control x gender) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that adolescents with internal locus of control report lower perceived stress than their external counterparts. We discuss the implications and directions for future research.
{"title":"Locus of Control and Gender as Moderators of Perceived Stress in Indian Adolescents","authors":"Anmol Anmol, Sangeeta Rath","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we examined the effect of locus of control and gender on perceived stress in adolescents. Methods: Using random sampling, 400 adolescents (200 boys and 200 girls) were selected from 5 different educational institutions in the city of Cuttack, India. We administered Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, and the obtained scores were subjected to an extreme group analysis for shortlisting 200 adolescents (100 boys and 100 girls) with extreme (low and high) scores. Subsequently, the shortlisted students were administered Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, and the scores obtained were analyzed using a between-subjects ANOVA. Results: The effect of locus of control on perceived stress was found to be statistically significant, and internal-control adolescents reported lower perceived stress than external-control adolescents. However, both the main effect of gender and the interaction effect (locus of control x gender) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that adolescents with internal locus of control report lower perceived stress than their external counterparts. We discuss the implications and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48982491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia X. Aguado Loi, Taylor Koester, Cindy Parsons, M. Martinasek
Objective: COVID-19 has brought many challenges to college campuses. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed depression, coping, and past 30-day health risk behaviors of college students attending a mid-sized liberal arts university in Florida. Methods: We sent a survey link to all undergraduates. The data, which included depression scores (PHQ-9), coping techniques (Brief COPE), health risk behaviors (alcohol and vape use) and demographics were collected approximately 40 days after the university transitioned from face-to-face to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used descriptive and regression analyses using SPSS to analyze data. Results: A total 45.6% of the respondents (N = 759) self-reported moderate to severe depression (PHQ-9 mean= 9.96, SD = 6.2). Students indicated positive and negative coping strategies. Alcohol and vape use increased with higher depressive symptoms scores (p < 0.01). Seniors had a greater odds of alcohol consumption (p < .01); however, freshmen and juniors had greater odds of vape use. Our data revealed some opportunities for positive behavior change. Conclusion: The online transition did modify students’ behaviors. Students who self-reported depressive symptoms were most vulnerable to adopting greater risk behaviors. These students require ongoing monitoring and resources. Colleges should implement rapid assessment of students’ depressive status and risk behaviors during volatile times.
{"title":"Cross-sectional Study of College Students’ Depression, Coping Techniques, and Health Risk Behaviors during the Initial Transition to Remote Learning: COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Claudia X. Aguado Loi, Taylor Koester, Cindy Parsons, M. Martinasek","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: COVID-19 has brought many challenges to college campuses. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed depression, coping, and past 30-day health risk behaviors of college students attending a mid-sized liberal arts university in Florida. Methods: We sent a survey link to all undergraduates. The data, which included depression scores (PHQ-9), coping techniques (Brief COPE), health risk behaviors (alcohol and vape use) and demographics were collected approximately 40 days after the university transitioned from face-to-face to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used descriptive and regression analyses using SPSS to analyze data. Results: A total 45.6% of the respondents (N = 759) self-reported moderate to severe depression (PHQ-9 mean= 9.96, SD = 6.2). Students indicated positive and negative coping strategies. Alcohol and vape use increased with higher depressive symptoms scores (p < 0.01). Seniors had a greater odds of alcohol consumption (p < .01); however, freshmen and juniors had greater odds of vape use. Our data revealed some opportunities for positive behavior change. Conclusion: The online transition did modify students’ behaviors. Students who self-reported depressive symptoms were most vulnerable to adopting greater risk behaviors. These students require ongoing monitoring and resources. Colleges should implement rapid assessment of students’ depressive status and risk behaviors during volatile times.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46871860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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