Sandra D Vamos, Tiffany Lee, Hyun Bin Kang, Rumour Piepenbrink, C. Vamos
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between mental health concerns, positive and negative feelings, and engagement in unhealthy behaviors among US college students during the pandemic. A secondary purpose was to explore positive changes in health and well-being. Methods: College students completed a 45-item online survey in the fall of 2020 that examined demographics, health literacy, health behaviors, overall health and well-being, and academic and financial impacts. Median-unbiased estimation for odds ratio and exact mid-p method inference methods were conducted using R version 4.0.3. We conducted content analysis for qualitative open-ended survey responses. Results: Gender, degree program, and religiosity were associated with having mental concerns. These socio-demographic variables, along with age and ethnicity, were linked to positive and negative feelings. Participants who felt threatened, afraid, stressed, and sad were likely to report mental concerns. Participants who felt cheerful, calm, rested, and full of interests were likely to report no mental concerns. Students who felt sadder, less calm, and less full of interests were likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors. Conclusions: Findings contribute to an increased understanding of mental health and engagement of unhealthy and healthy behaviors among students informing recommendations for services across campuses and communities.
{"title":"Mental Health and Unhealthy Behaviors among Health College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Sandra D Vamos, Tiffany Lee, Hyun Bin Kang, Rumour Piepenbrink, C. Vamos","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.6.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between mental health concerns, positive and negative feelings, and engagement in unhealthy behaviors among US college students during the pandemic. A secondary purpose was to explore positive changes in health and well-being. Methods: College students completed a 45-item online survey in the fall of 2020 that examined demographics, health literacy, health behaviors, overall health and well-being, and academic and financial impacts. Median-unbiased estimation for odds ratio and exact mid-p method inference methods were conducted using R version 4.0.3. We conducted content analysis for qualitative open-ended survey responses. Results: Gender, degree program, and religiosity were associated with having mental concerns. These socio-demographic variables, along with age and ethnicity, were linked to positive and negative feelings. Participants who felt threatened, afraid, stressed, and sad were likely to report mental concerns. Participants who felt cheerful, calm, rested, and full of interests were likely to report no mental concerns. Students who felt sadder, less calm, and less full of interests were likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors. Conclusions: Findings contribute to an increased understanding of mental health and engagement of unhealthy and healthy behaviors among students informing recommendations for services across campuses and communities.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48668247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Bloom, Leily Saadat-Lajevard, Andrew E Myers, Mary Kathryn Malone, B. Zimmerman
Objective: OTC Medicine Safety, a free, easily accessible, in-classroom educational program available through Young Minds Inspired (https://ymiclassroom.com/lesson-plans/otcmedsafety), was developed to improve adolescents’ knowledge of safe use of medicines. In a proof-of-concept study, students increased knowledge about safe, appropriate use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. In this study, we assessed whether the OTC Medicine Safety program effectively increased students’ knowledge and if students retained this knowledge over time. Methods: We measured student knowledge before implementation (baseline, Quiz 1) immediately after implementation (Quiz 2), and 10 weeks after baseline (Quiz 3) in 3 test schools. We measured knowledge at similar intervals in 3 control schools (no program implementation). Results: Baseline knowledge was low (average 39.3% of 36 questions answered correctly). Among intervention schools, scores significantly improved immediately (average correct 62.9%) after implementation and were retained at 10 weeks (59.8%) (p < .001). Change in score from baseline among intervention schools immediately after the lesson implementation was significantly higher than corresponding changes from baseline among control schools (intervention: +23.0 vs control: -3.2) and at 10 weeks (intervention: +19.9 vs control: -2.9), p < .001. Conclusion: The OTC Medicine Safety Program effectively improved students’ knowledge of safe medicine-taking practices and students retained this knowledge at 10 weeks.
{"title":"Increasing and Retaining Tween Knowledge of Proper Medicine Use","authors":"L. Bloom, Leily Saadat-Lajevard, Andrew E Myers, Mary Kathryn Malone, B. Zimmerman","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.6.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: OTC Medicine Safety, a free, easily accessible, in-classroom educational program available through Young Minds Inspired (https://ymiclassroom.com/lesson-plans/otcmedsafety), was developed to improve adolescents’ knowledge of safe use of medicines. In a proof-of-concept study, students increased knowledge about safe, appropriate use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. In this study, we assessed whether the OTC Medicine Safety program effectively increased students’ knowledge and if students retained this knowledge over time. Methods: We measured student knowledge before implementation (baseline, Quiz 1) immediately after implementation (Quiz 2), and 10 weeks after baseline (Quiz 3) in 3 test schools. We measured knowledge at similar intervals in 3 control schools (no program implementation). Results: Baseline knowledge was low (average 39.3% of 36 questions answered correctly). Among intervention schools, scores significantly improved immediately (average correct 62.9%) after implementation and were retained at 10 weeks (59.8%) (p < .001). Change in score from baseline among intervention schools immediately after the lesson implementation was significantly higher than corresponding changes from baseline among control schools (intervention: +23.0 vs control: -3.2) and at 10 weeks (intervention: +19.9 vs control: -2.9), p < .001. Conclusion: The OTC Medicine Safety Program effectively improved students’ knowledge of safe medicine-taking practices and students retained this knowledge at 10 weeks.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44584147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Martinasek, Allison V Calvanese, Frederic B. Montz, Nicole M Tosto, Kimberly P. Dobrinski
Objective: Waterpipe tobacco smoking results in the inhalation of carcinogens, bacteria and heavy metals; however, despite the negative health effects, waterpipe tobacco smoking or hookah smoking continues to be a favored social smoking behavior for young adults. High levels of carbon monoxide can impair normal brain function and put individuals at increased health risk. The purpose of this study was to measure the carbon monoxide levels in the ambient air of 10 hookah lounges surrounding college campuses in the metropolitan area of Tampa, Florida. Methods: The study consisted of repeated measurements of ambient air carbon monoxide inside the hookah lounges over 4 hours during peak times of use. Results: Of the 10 hookah bars, 7 had levels above what is considered harmful to human health. These data provide evidence of high levels of CO produced in indoor hookah lounges that varied and were not predictable based on cigarette smoking allowed, ventilation systems, and whether doors were opened or closed. Conclusions: Stricter regulation is needed in hookah lounges to avoid toxic exposures by patrons.
{"title":"Indoor Carbon Monoxide Levels of Hookah Lounges","authors":"M. Martinasek, Allison V Calvanese, Frederic B. Montz, Nicole M Tosto, Kimberly P. Dobrinski","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.6.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Waterpipe tobacco smoking results in the inhalation of carcinogens, bacteria and heavy metals; however, despite the negative health effects, waterpipe tobacco smoking or hookah smoking continues to be a favored social smoking behavior for young adults. High levels of carbon monoxide can impair normal brain function and put individuals at increased health risk. The purpose of this study was to measure the carbon monoxide levels in the ambient air of 10 hookah lounges surrounding college campuses in the metropolitan area of Tampa, Florida. Methods: The study consisted of repeated measurements of ambient air carbon monoxide inside the hookah lounges over 4 hours during peak times of use. Results: Of the 10 hookah bars, 7 had levels above what is considered harmful to human health. These data provide evidence of high levels of CO produced in indoor hookah lounges that varied and were not predictable based on cigarette smoking allowed, ventilation systems, and whether doors were opened or closed. Conclusions: Stricter regulation is needed in hookah lounges to avoid toxic exposures by patrons.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43410907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Merissa Ferrara, Stephanie Boye, Chels Hagan, A. Foster
Objective: We examined what emerging adults reported they needed to learn from educators and parents regarding sexual health and how being underprepared led to consequences that impacted their well-being. Methods: We conducted a thematic analysis of 147 letters written by emerging adults in November 2021 through March 2022. Results: Eight overarching themes emerged from the analysis in 3 topic areas. Participants shared their preference for open and ongoing communication, raising concerns about detrimental communication. They reported struggles with identity, sexually explicit material, aggressive sexual scripts, consent, and sexual pleasure. They suggested educational changes related to efficacy and parent training. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that emerging adults want more information from and communication with trusted adults. K-12 sexual health programs are too narrow to help emerging adults grapple with the scope of challenges they face. We recommend research that promotes comprehensive content in K-12 and college coursework and workshops. We also suggest research on campaigns and workshops for parents to increase awareness of the scope of sexual health challenges their children face and their efficacy toward creating ongoing, open conversation with their children for better health outcomes.
{"title":"I Needed To Know: Emerging Adult Experiences with Sexuality Education Related to Well-being","authors":"Merissa Ferrara, Stephanie Boye, Chels Hagan, A. Foster","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We examined what emerging adults reported they needed to learn from educators and parents regarding sexual health and how being underprepared led to consequences that impacted their well-being. Methods: We conducted a thematic analysis of 147 letters written by emerging adults in November 2021 through March 2022. Results: Eight overarching themes emerged from the analysis in 3 topic areas. Participants shared their preference for open and ongoing communication, raising concerns about detrimental communication. They reported struggles with identity, sexually explicit material, aggressive sexual scripts, consent, and sexual pleasure. They suggested educational changes related to efficacy and parent training. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that emerging adults want more information from and communication with trusted adults. K-12 sexual health programs are too narrow to help emerging adults grapple with the scope of challenges they face. We recommend research that promotes comprehensive content in K-12 and college coursework and workshops. We also suggest research on campaigns and workshops for parents to increase awareness of the scope of sexual health challenges their children face and their efficacy toward creating ongoing, open conversation with their children for better health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42331228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this study, I investigated the mediating effect of social behavior on the relationship between perfectionistic tendencies and burnout in Taekwondo athletes. Methods: Overall, 239 university and professional athletes registered with the Korean Taekwondo Association in 2020 responded to a series of relevant scales. Results: Perfectionism striving mediated anti-social behavior and had a fully mediating effect on athlete burnout, while perfectionism concern mediated anti-social behavior and had a partial mediating effect on athlete burnout. Conclusions: Taekwondo athletes participating in sports experience various psychological factors that contribute to burnout or social behaviors that favorably influence sports performance. A greater understanding of perfectionist tendencies among Taekwondo athletes is needed to manage and prevent burnout.
{"title":"Will Social Behavior Have a Mediating Effect on the Relationship between Perfectionistic Tendencies and Athlete Burnout?","authors":"Youngtaek Oh","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, I investigated the mediating effect of social behavior on the relationship between perfectionistic tendencies and burnout in Taekwondo athletes. Methods: Overall, 239 university and professional athletes registered with the Korean Taekwondo Association in 2020 responded to a series of relevant scales. Results: Perfectionism striving mediated anti-social behavior and had a fully mediating effect on athlete burnout, while perfectionism concern mediated anti-social behavior and had a partial mediating effect on athlete burnout. Conclusions: Taekwondo athletes participating in sports experience various psychological factors that contribute to burnout or social behaviors that favorably influence sports performance. A greater understanding of perfectionist tendencies among Taekwondo athletes is needed to manage and prevent burnout.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48110930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian J Carter, Lorraine R Reitzel, Tzuan A Chen, LeChauncy Woodard, Ezemenari M Obasi
Objective: The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities-funded U54 Research Center at the University of Houston addresses disparate racial/ethnic health outcomes related to cancer and substance abuse. Of its 4 cores, the Community Engagement Core involves the impacted community in affiliated research. Strategies include implementing community advisory boards, assisting with study design and execution, maintaining a social media presence, and publishing health-related videos for the community. We examine the early effectiveness of these strategies.
Methods: Data collection included surveying investigators and community advisory board members and monitoring traffic to videos and social media posts.
Results: On a Likert scale survey of investigators (4 = "agree" and 5 = "strongly agree"), the mean rating for a prompt expressing satisfaction with services received was 4.67 (SD = 0.52; N = 6). On a Likert scale survey of community advisory board members, the mean rating for a prompt expressing belief that feedback was taken seriously was 5.00 (SD = 0.00; N = 9).
Conclusions: The Community Engagement Core is building trusting relationships between researchers and community members. We discuss lessons learned that may inform both our growth and others' efforts to implement community-engaged research.
{"title":"Engaging the Houston Community in Research: An Early Case Study of a Community Engagement Core in the University of Houston's HEALTH Center for Addictions Research and Cancer Prevention.","authors":"Brian J Carter, Lorraine R Reitzel, Tzuan A Chen, LeChauncy Woodard, Ezemenari M Obasi","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.5.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities-funded U54 Research Center at the University of Houston addresses disparate racial/ethnic health outcomes related to cancer and substance abuse. Of its 4 cores, the Community Engagement Core involves the impacted community in affiliated research. Strategies include implementing community advisory boards, assisting with study design and execution, maintaining a social media presence, and publishing health-related videos for the community. We examine the early effectiveness of these strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection included surveying investigators and community advisory board members and monitoring traffic to videos and social media posts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On a Likert scale survey of investigators (4 = \"agree\" and 5 = \"strongly agree\"), the mean rating for a prompt expressing satisfaction with services received was 4.67 (SD = 0.52; N = 6). On a Likert scale survey of community advisory board members, the mean rating for a prompt expressing belief that feedback was taken seriously was 5.00 (SD = 0.00; N = 9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Community Engagement Core is building trusting relationships between researchers and community members. We discuss lessons learned that may inform both our growth and others' efforts to implement community-engaged research.</p>","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9674334/pdf/nihms-1849942.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10801915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rashid Ahmed, Mark R. Williamson, Saad Bahri, M. Hamid
Objective: In this study, we examined whether self-reported prostate cancer screening rates differed by ethnicity. Methods: We used 2014 and 2018 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to determine if self-reported screening rates differed by ethnicity and year, while we controlled for geographic, demographic, and health factors. We also investigated factors that may influence screening rates. Results: Self-reported screening rates decreased between 2014 and 2018, both overall and by each ethnicity. Blacks had significantly higher odds of reporting a PSA test than Whites (OR = 1.13 ± 0.01 in 2014; 1.14 ± 0.01 in 2018); all other group had lower odds than Whites. By ethnicity, only Blacks and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders had higher odds of being asked the questions than Whites; all other groups had lower odds. Overall screening rates were positively correlated with prostate cancer incidence rates by state but not for any racial group individually. Conclusions: Self-reported PSA test rates are declining, are associated with PSA test knowledge, are less likely in non-black minorities, and may be influenced by healthcare discussions and state-level incidence rates
{"title":"Regional and Racial Trends in US Prostate Cancer Screening","authors":"Rashid Ahmed, Mark R. Williamson, Saad Bahri, M. Hamid","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we examined whether self-reported prostate cancer screening rates differed by ethnicity. Methods: We used 2014 and 2018 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to determine if self-reported screening rates differed by ethnicity and year, while we controlled for geographic, demographic, and health factors. We also investigated factors that may influence screening rates. Results: Self-reported screening rates decreased between 2014 and 2018, both overall and by each ethnicity. Blacks had significantly higher odds of reporting a PSA test than Whites (OR = 1.13 ± 0.01 in 2014; 1.14 ± 0.01 in 2018); all other group had lower odds than Whites. By ethnicity, only Blacks and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders had higher odds of being asked the questions than Whites; all other groups had lower odds. Overall screening rates were positively correlated with prostate cancer incidence rates by state but not for any racial group individually. Conclusions: Self-reported PSA test rates are declining, are associated with PSA test knowledge, are less likely in non-black minorities, and may be influenced by healthcare discussions and state-level incidence rates","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45709195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: My objective in this essay is to explore how scientists and non-scientists might better align their views, and thereby decrease the divide that separates these groups in the advancement, dissemination, and acceptance of knowledge. Methods: Various points of disagreement between scientists and the general public are presented, including how political affiliation and education level may influence beliefs. Results: Evidence is presented of a deepening gap between scientists and the general public on several key issues. Evidence is presented of a decline in science aspirations among youth and in educational achievement in general in the United States. If these events are accurate, they are ones that may widen the divide further. Conclusion: Some examples for improving the communication of science are presented. However, other views are invited so that the dialogue can be raised in both the science and general public communities.
{"title":"Taking Back the Narrative in Science and Public Health – The Challenge is Enormous (and Necessary)","authors":"R. McDermott","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: My objective in this essay is to explore how scientists and non-scientists might better align their views, and thereby decrease the divide that separates these groups in the advancement, dissemination, and acceptance of knowledge. Methods: Various points of disagreement between scientists and the general public are presented, including how political affiliation and education level may influence beliefs. Results: Evidence is presented of a deepening gap between scientists and the general public on several key issues. Evidence is presented of a decline in science aspirations among youth and in educational achievement in general in the United States. If these events are accurate, they are ones that may widen the divide further. Conclusion: Some examples for improving the communication of science are presented. However, other views are invited so that the dialogue can be raised in both the science and general public communities.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46507870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minjee Lee, G. Mueller-Luckey, Y. Molina, J. Rose, Rebecca Bolinski, Brent Van Han, E. Boakye, W. Jenkins
Objective: Rural areas experience significant disparities in cancer incidence and mortality and are also disproportionately impacted by the drug use epidemic. People who use drugs (PWUDs) frequently experience healthcare-associated stigma sufficient to cause avoidance of all non-urgent care. Research associated with cancer risk and screening utilization among rural PWUDs is nearly nonexistent. Methods: We searched PubMed for articles describing rural healthcare access and cancer disparities, and drug use and healthcare-associated stigma. Results: Rural populations frequently experience increased rates of circumstances and behaviors associated with increased cancer risk, morbidity, and mortality, but also lesser access to and use of healthcare. Rural areas have been disproportionately impacted by many types of drug use, and the stigma PWUDs frequently encounter leads to deferred care and poorer health outcomes. The limited data suggest that PWUDs experience at least equal cancer risk as their non-PWUD peers but obtain screening less often. Whereas interventions to increase medical care engagement among PWUDs have succeeded, none has explored cancer risk and screening. Conclusions: Although there are mechanisms to increase cancer screening in rural areas, and methods to increase healthcare engagement for PWUDs, research should combine these evidence-based practices to explore implementation in this population with distinct risk profiles.
{"title":"Rural Cancer and the Opioid Epidemic: Are Screening Disparities Further Exacerbated?","authors":"Minjee Lee, G. Mueller-Luckey, Y. Molina, J. Rose, Rebecca Bolinski, Brent Van Han, E. Boakye, W. Jenkins","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Rural areas experience significant disparities in cancer incidence and mortality and are also disproportionately impacted by the drug use epidemic. People who use drugs (PWUDs) frequently experience healthcare-associated stigma sufficient to cause avoidance of all non-urgent care. Research associated with cancer risk and screening utilization among rural PWUDs is nearly nonexistent. Methods: We searched PubMed for articles describing rural healthcare access and cancer disparities, and drug use and healthcare-associated stigma. Results: Rural populations frequently experience increased rates of circumstances and behaviors associated with increased cancer risk, morbidity, and mortality, but also lesser access to and use of healthcare. Rural areas have been disproportionately impacted by many types of drug use, and the stigma PWUDs frequently encounter leads to deferred care and poorer health outcomes. The limited data suggest that PWUDs experience at least equal cancer risk as their non-PWUD peers but obtain screening less often. Whereas interventions to increase medical care engagement among PWUDs have succeeded, none has explored cancer risk and screening. Conclusions: Although there are mechanisms to increase cancer screening in rural areas, and methods to increase healthcare engagement for PWUDs, research should combine these evidence-based practices to explore implementation in this population with distinct risk profiles.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44412007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this study, we assessed college students’ eating behaviors and determined the association between their eating behaviors and body image perception (feelings about body, shape, and weight). Methods: We surveyed college students (N = 184) enrolled at least parttime and actively living on campus during the 2019-2020 academic year. We used 4 validated surveys (EDE-Q, NEMS-P, SATAQ-3 and SATAQ-4) to collect all data. Two trained facilitators aided students in completing the surveys in the campus’s nutrition lab. We used weighted linear regression to assess the association between eating behaviors (frequency of fruit, vegetables, candy, and chips consumption available in dorm rooms, and meal consumption frequency at restaurants) (independent variables) and body image perception (dependent variable). We also calculated odds ratios. Results: We found statistically significant associations between students reducing their consumption of available fruit, vegetables, candy, soda, and chips in their dorm rooms to control weight and shape, choosing meals more frequently at fast-food versus sit-down restaurants, and unhappiness with weight and shape. Conclusion: Our results may assist college campus personnel in providing students with the necessary skills to develop better eating habits and improved body image. Students with a positive body image and a healthy relationship with food are more likely to have better mental and physical health.
{"title":"Eating Behaviors and Body Image Perception among College Students","authors":"Shadai Martin, C. Velasco‐Cruz, L. McCormack","doi":"10.14485/hbpr.9.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14485/hbpr.9.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we assessed college students’ eating behaviors and determined the association between their eating behaviors and body image perception (feelings about body, shape, and weight). Methods: We surveyed college students (N = 184) enrolled at least parttime and actively living on campus during the 2019-2020 academic year. We used 4 validated surveys (EDE-Q, NEMS-P, SATAQ-3 and SATAQ-4) to collect all data. Two trained facilitators aided students in completing the surveys in the campus’s nutrition lab. We used weighted linear regression to assess the association between eating behaviors (frequency of fruit, vegetables, candy, and chips consumption available in dorm rooms, and meal consumption frequency at restaurants) (independent variables) and body image perception (dependent variable). We also calculated odds ratios. Results: We found statistically significant associations between students reducing their consumption of available fruit, vegetables, candy, soda, and chips in their dorm rooms to control weight and shape, choosing meals more frequently at fast-food versus sit-down restaurants, and unhappiness with weight and shape. Conclusion: Our results may assist college campus personnel in providing students with the necessary skills to develop better eating habits and improved body image. Students with a positive body image and a healthy relationship with food are more likely to have better mental and physical health.","PeriodicalId":44486,"journal":{"name":"Health Behavior and Policy Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47216664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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