Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.1080/00665983.2021.1898259
T. Clare, G. Cook, I. Hodkinson, M. Simpson, S. Read
ABSTRACT The site of a Beaker burial excavated in Levens Park, Cumbria was published by David Sturdy in 1972 as that of a farmstead or place for the living altered into a ring cairn or place for the dead. However, the recent discovery of the excavation archive and contemporary correspondence reveals a far more complex monument than previously understood. We draw attention to a series of important omissions from the excavation report, provide a detailed account of the excavated monument and seek to create a new narrative regarding its development and purpose. We argue that the monument was built as a series of changing structures and demonstrates the idea of monuments in progress and, thereby, the creation of communal memory and identity. The absence of a full report of this excavation means that its wider significance has remained unknown. It represents one of the earliest examples of what Sturdy called ‘rescue archaeology’ and demonstrates a complex sequence of structural components and burial that contributes to our understanding of the Early Bronze Age. The broader archaeological appraisal of Levens Park, which provided the context for this excavation, represents one of the earlier examples of landscape archaeological survey in Britain.
{"title":"A re-interpretation of the Levens Park ring cairn, Cumbria, based on the original excavation archives","authors":"T. Clare, G. Cook, I. Hodkinson, M. Simpson, S. Read","doi":"10.1080/00665983.2021.1898259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2021.1898259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The site of a Beaker burial excavated in Levens Park, Cumbria was published by David Sturdy in 1972 as that of a farmstead or place for the living altered into a ring cairn or place for the dead. However, the recent discovery of the excavation archive and contemporary correspondence reveals a far more complex monument than previously understood. We draw attention to a series of important omissions from the excavation report, provide a detailed account of the excavated monument and seek to create a new narrative regarding its development and purpose. We argue that the monument was built as a series of changing structures and demonstrates the idea of monuments in progress and, thereby, the creation of communal memory and identity. The absence of a full report of this excavation means that its wider significance has remained unknown. It represents one of the earliest examples of what Sturdy called ‘rescue archaeology’ and demonstrates a complex sequence of structural components and burial that contributes to our understanding of the Early Bronze Age. The broader archaeological appraisal of Levens Park, which provided the context for this excavation, represents one of the earlier examples of landscape archaeological survey in Britain.","PeriodicalId":44491,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"298 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81996666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.1080/00665983.2021.1894747
G. Davies
printing. The connection between the Carthusians and writing is well-established. The statutes of the order stipulate that each monk was to be provided with ‘a desk, pens ... two inkhorns, ... a rule, a ruler, tables, a writing style’ (p. 342), and some of Mount Grace’s residents (for example, Nicholas Love and Richard Methley, pp. 39–41, 343) were important medieval thinkers and writers. The archaeology reveals the extent of textual production and copying at Mount Grace (pp. 342–46), and establishes the existence of a ‘production line’ whereby books were laid out, written and illustrated – before being finished by the bookbinder in Cell 8 (p. 397). More interesting, if only because less well known, is the evidence for printing (lead plaques with inscriptions in reverse, an inscribed panel with a figure of Christ, and, uniquely in Britain, a stone mould ‘for casting gothic type’ indicative of ‘an attempt to print by casting moveable type’ (pp. 133–34, 348). The suggestion that the monks were printing ‘devotional items for pilgrims’ has considerable merit (p. 349), and adds to the evidence for the role of printing in facilitating the practice and piety of the pre-Reformation Church.
{"title":"The medieval priory and hospital of St Mary Spital and the Bishopsgate suburb: excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991–2007","authors":"G. Davies","doi":"10.1080/00665983.2021.1894747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894747","url":null,"abstract":"printing. The connection between the Carthusians and writing is well-established. The statutes of the order stipulate that each monk was to be provided with ‘a desk, pens ... two inkhorns, ... a rule, a ruler, tables, a writing style’ (p. 342), and some of Mount Grace’s residents (for example, Nicholas Love and Richard Methley, pp. 39–41, 343) were important medieval thinkers and writers. The archaeology reveals the extent of textual production and copying at Mount Grace (pp. 342–46), and establishes the existence of a ‘production line’ whereby books were laid out, written and illustrated – before being finished by the bookbinder in Cell 8 (p. 397). More interesting, if only because less well known, is the evidence for printing (lead plaques with inscriptions in reverse, an inscribed panel with a figure of Christ, and, uniquely in Britain, a stone mould ‘for casting gothic type’ indicative of ‘an attempt to print by casting moveable type’ (pp. 133–34, 348). The suggestion that the monks were printing ‘devotional items for pilgrims’ has considerable merit (p. 349), and adds to the evidence for the role of printing in facilitating the practice and piety of the pre-Reformation Church.","PeriodicalId":44491,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"405 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81851535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1080/00665983.2021.1886431
Jane Baile, N. Hill, M. Gardiner
ABSTRACT Excavation beneath the standing building of the Prebendal Manor House at Nassington revealed the remains of part of a tenth-century structure and the plan of an early eleventh-century timber chamber and single-aisle hall. The eleventh-century remains are identified as the hall of the priest which was later transferred to endow a prebend at Lincoln cathedral. That building was modified in the twelfth century when the single-storey chamber was replaced with a two-storey structure. The timber house was replaced c.1200 on almost exactly the same site by an unaisled stone hall with a span of 7.6 m and a stone chamber. The chamber was conjoined with the hall, but entered externally. In 1433–50 a major reconstruction of the hall was undertaken, with the walls raised and a new roof constructed. The service wing was rebuilt in a slightly later phase, with a clasped purlin roof dated to c. 1455. The later development of the manor house is treated more summarily. Parts of the hall are still standing, while the chamber was not demolished until c. 1800. The persistence on the same site of a manorial building from the eleventh century onwards is notable, and the reasons for this are examined.
{"title":"The Development of a Manor House over the Longue Durée: Nassington Prebendal Manor, Northamptonshire","authors":"Jane Baile, N. Hill, M. Gardiner","doi":"10.1080/00665983.2021.1886431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2021.1886431","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Excavation beneath the standing building of the Prebendal Manor House at Nassington revealed the remains of part of a tenth-century structure and the plan of an early eleventh-century timber chamber and single-aisle hall. The eleventh-century remains are identified as the hall of the priest which was later transferred to endow a prebend at Lincoln cathedral. That building was modified in the twelfth century when the single-storey chamber was replaced with a two-storey structure. The timber house was replaced c.1200 on almost exactly the same site by an unaisled stone hall with a span of 7.6 m and a stone chamber. The chamber was conjoined with the hall, but entered externally. In 1433–50 a major reconstruction of the hall was undertaken, with the walls raised and a new roof constructed. The service wing was rebuilt in a slightly later phase, with a clasped purlin roof dated to c. 1455. The later development of the manor house is treated more summarily. Parts of the hall are still standing, while the chamber was not demolished until c. 1800. The persistence on the same site of a manorial building from the eleventh century onwards is notable, and the reasons for this are examined.","PeriodicalId":44491,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"216 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84501910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1080/00665983.2021.1886707
J. Haslam
ABSTRACT The hypothesis of the redevelopment of the defences of the earlier burh at Oxford by King Æthelred in the late tenth century is critically analysed in the light of the recently-published excavations at the castle site. It is argued that the rebuilding of the north gate, which involved the creation of a new defended enceinte on its eastern side and the construction of the tower of St Michael’s Northgate, was concurrent with, and as an integral part of, this new defensive initiative. St George’s tower, which sits within the western line of these late tenth-century defences, is also argued from the structural and topographical evidence as belonging to this same phase of the reconstruction of the defences. This is supported by comparisons of the towers’ architectural features with other church towers in England, and reflects similar developments in northern France. The evidence of this new defensive system from Oxford complements and extends the historical and other evidence from the country as a whole, providing a revealing insight into the scale and nature of the strategic response of King Æthelred to the new Viking incursions during his reign.
{"title":"The late tenth-century defences of Oxford and the towers of St George and St Michael","authors":"J. Haslam","doi":"10.1080/00665983.2021.1886707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2021.1886707","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The hypothesis of the redevelopment of the defences of the earlier burh at Oxford by King Æthelred in the late tenth century is critically analysed in the light of the recently-published excavations at the castle site. It is argued that the rebuilding of the north gate, which involved the creation of a new defended enceinte on its eastern side and the construction of the tower of St Michael’s Northgate, was concurrent with, and as an integral part of, this new defensive initiative. St George’s tower, which sits within the western line of these late tenth-century defences, is also argued from the structural and topographical evidence as belonging to this same phase of the reconstruction of the defences. This is supported by comparisons of the towers’ architectural features with other church towers in England, and reflects similar developments in northern France. The evidence of this new defensive system from Oxford complements and extends the historical and other evidence from the country as a whole, providing a revealing insight into the scale and nature of the strategic response of King Æthelred to the new Viking incursions during his reign.","PeriodicalId":44491,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"252 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74470859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.1080/00665983.2021.1894773
D. Mcomish
{"title":"The land of the White Horse: visions of England","authors":"D. Mcomish","doi":"10.1080/00665983.2021.1894773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44491,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46735063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.1080/00665983.2021.1894752
M. G. Knight
{"title":"Bronze Age combat: an experimental approach","authors":"M. G. Knight","doi":"10.1080/00665983.2021.1894752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44491,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41434966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.1080/00665983.2021.1894758
Inés López-Dóriga
{"title":"Mineralised plant and invertebrate remains: a guide to the identification of calcium phosphate replaced remains","authors":"Inés López-Dóriga","doi":"10.1080/00665983.2021.1894758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44491,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.1080/00665983.2021.1894754
M. Leivers
{"title":"Stonehenge for the Ancestors part 1: landscape and monuments","authors":"M. Leivers","doi":"10.1080/00665983.2021.1894754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44491,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45999591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-12DOI: 10.1080/00665983.2021.1894776
Sophie Oosterwijk
{"title":"The cosmatesque mosaics of Westminster Abbey: the pavements and royal tombs: history, archaeology, architecture and conservation","authors":"Sophie Oosterwijk","doi":"10.1080/00665983.2021.1894776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44491,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00665983.2021.1894776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42695563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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