{"title":"Prediction of Organic Pollutants Transfers in\u0000Contaminated Soils Using an In-House\u0000Thermodynamic Calculator","authors":"Kouaho Kouame, S. Ayache, P. Michel, P. Mougin","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2022.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2022.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130465480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Senarathna, R. Jayaratne, L. Morawska, Yuming Guo, D. Bui, S. Abeysundara, R. Weerasooriya, G. Bowatte
- The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the complete lockdown of many cities worldwide. Lockdowns have significantly changed human behaviour, such as fewer or no industrial activities and limited road and air transport, affecting the environment. In this study, we aimed to assess the variability and trends of PM 2.5 (mass concentration of airborne particulate matter < 2.5µm) and carbon monoxide (CO) before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Sri Lanka. Data were collected in “Urban Background”, “Public & Mixed Residential”, and “Primary Residential” areas using small sensor technology, "KOALA" air quality sensor units, from five locations, three in Kandy, and two in Colombo city. Daily averages (24h) and daytime averages (08:00 AM to 8:00 PM) were calculated for the period before (before March 20 th ) and during (March 20 th to May 10 th ) the lockdown. Air pollutions level before & during COVID-19 lockdown were compared, then Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope tests were performed to determine trends of PM 2.5 and CO, and the magnitude of the trend. Meteorological parameters were fairly similar before and during both cities' lockdown periods, while both PM 2.5 and CO concentrations declined. The highest average reductions of PM 2.5 and CO were observed in Colombo's “Urban Background” area (52.4% and 46.7%, respectively). In Kandy, “Urban Background” site had a higher reduction of PM 2.5 and CO (30.2% and 41.2%, respectively), compared to “Primary Residential” (10% and 9%, respectively). The daily averages of the pollutants' concentrations were higher before the lockdown period compared to during. Overall, a significant downward trend was observed of air pollutants over the entire study period. In Sri Lanka, the COVID-19 lockdown improved air quality significantly in urban areas.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of Sri Lankan cities","authors":"M. Senarathna, R. Jayaratne, L. Morawska, Yuming Guo, D. Bui, S. Abeysundara, R. Weerasooriya, G. Bowatte","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2021.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2021.002","url":null,"abstract":"- The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the complete lockdown of many cities worldwide. Lockdowns have significantly changed human behaviour, such as fewer or no industrial activities and limited road and air transport, affecting the environment. In this study, we aimed to assess the variability and trends of PM 2.5 (mass concentration of airborne particulate matter < 2.5µm) and carbon monoxide (CO) before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Sri Lanka. Data were collected in “Urban Background”, “Public & Mixed Residential”, and “Primary Residential” areas using small sensor technology, \"KOALA\" air quality sensor units, from five locations, three in Kandy, and two in Colombo city. Daily averages (24h) and daytime averages (08:00 AM to 8:00 PM) were calculated for the period before (before March 20 th ) and during (March 20 th to May 10 th ) the lockdown. Air pollutions level before & during COVID-19 lockdown were compared, then Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope tests were performed to determine trends of PM 2.5 and CO, and the magnitude of the trend. Meteorological parameters were fairly similar before and during both cities' lockdown periods, while both PM 2.5 and CO concentrations declined. The highest average reductions of PM 2.5 and CO were observed in Colombo's “Urban Background” area (52.4% and 46.7%, respectively). In Kandy, “Urban Background” site had a higher reduction of PM 2.5 and CO (30.2% and 41.2%, respectively), compared to “Primary Residential” (10% and 9%, respectively). The daily averages of the pollutants' concentrations were higher before the lockdown period compared to during. Overall, a significant downward trend was observed of air pollutants over the entire study period. In Sri Lanka, the COVID-19 lockdown improved air quality significantly in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"21 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126945386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Edjere, Ogbaide Ovuakporie, C. Stephen, Destiny Erhabor, Caleb O. Oj, Chinedu C. Nsude
- PCBs are synthetic compounds serving as additives for many industrial processes. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification properties of PCBs have resulted in significant adverse health effect and loss of aquatic life. For contaminants to cause environmental deterioration, they must exist within the different matrices of the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of PCBs in soil and predict its fate in the different matrix of the environment. Soil samples were taken from five (5) major dumpsites in Warri metropolis and PCBs were extracted following standard procedures. The results show that dumpsites do not differ significantly in the concentration of PCBs, with dumpsite history playing a significant role in determining the dominant congeners. In addition, PCBs levels in the sites posed no threat, as PCB concentrations at all locations were below the regulatory limits set by other countries. Despite the low concentrations, humans could still be exposed via inhalations, and these contaminants could still leach into the ground water table. The major recommendations were for waste categorisations to be carried out before waste incinerations at the dumpsites and regular monitoring should be carried out on this location because of the proximity to residential areas.
{"title":"Pollution status and Fate Prediction of Dominant Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) Congeners in Major Dumpsites Around Warri Metropolis","authors":"O. Edjere, Ogbaide Ovuakporie, C. Stephen, Destiny Erhabor, Caleb O. Oj, Chinedu C. Nsude","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2020.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2020.002","url":null,"abstract":"- PCBs are synthetic compounds serving as additives for many industrial processes. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification properties of PCBs have resulted in significant adverse health effect and loss of aquatic life. For contaminants to cause environmental deterioration, they must exist within the different matrices of the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of PCBs in soil and predict its fate in the different matrix of the environment. Soil samples were taken from five (5) major dumpsites in Warri metropolis and PCBs were extracted following standard procedures. The results show that dumpsites do not differ significantly in the concentration of PCBs, with dumpsite history playing a significant role in determining the dominant congeners. In addition, PCBs levels in the sites posed no threat, as PCB concentrations at all locations were below the regulatory limits set by other countries. Despite the low concentrations, humans could still be exposed via inhalations, and these contaminants could still leach into the ground water table. The major recommendations were for waste categorisations to be carried out before waste incinerations at the dumpsites and regular monitoring should be carried out on this location because of the proximity to residential areas.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127267918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contaminated water, sourced from wells and streams has for long remained the major available water for domestic, industrial and some others uses in the bitumen-rich areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. In this work, the effects of bitumen contamination on some of the quality of water from the wells and streams in the area are determined from the water samples taken from the sources. Sample collections are during the successive dry and wet seasons. They are subjected to physicochemical analyses, using the American Public Health Association (APHA) standard. Water temperatures, pH values, turbidity, electrical conductivities, water hardness, suspended solids (SS), water hardness, toxic metals and presence of hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in the samples are determined. There are significant differences between the values of the indicators determined during the dry season and the wet season ( α0.05).Hardness was higher during the dry seasons. The inhabitants of the areas reported increased use of soap for washing during the dry season. Some indicator temperatures, zinc, iron, calcium levels are within the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards Regulatory and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) standards for potable water while others lead, chromium, cadmium, hardness and hydrocarbons are found to be slightly higher. Some quality values for the water collected during the wet and dry seasons were respectively: temperature: 26.25±0.05 to 26.65±0.05; 29.85±0.07 to 30 ±0.05 o C, pH value 5.15±0.04 to 6.80±0.07, 4.49±0.05 to 5.45±1.07, Suspended solids:114.9±38 to 390±10, 50±22.4 to 810.9±10.3,cadmium: 0.542±0.2 to 0.145±0.14,0.234±0.23, hardness of water:730±42.43 to 3100±100, 190±13.13 to 2960±2100mg/L, hydrocarbons for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene:6.189±3.98 to 10.1±2.35 μg/L. Strong correlations existed among physical and chemical parameters determined in all the locations S1 to S4 at 95% confidence level. Bitumen accumulations on available water sources might be the source of the level of heavy metals and BTEX recorded, as they are reportedly associated with bitumen. They are potential health risk to the people living in the area.
{"title":"Evaluating Water Quality Indicators of Some Water Sources in the Bitumen-Rich Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Eganoosi Esme Atojunere, K. Ogedengbe","doi":"10.11159/IJEPR.2019.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/IJEPR.2019.002","url":null,"abstract":"Contaminated water, sourced from wells and streams has for long remained the major available water for domestic, industrial and some others uses in the bitumen-rich areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. In this work, the effects of bitumen contamination on some of the quality of water from the wells and streams in the area are determined from the water samples taken from the sources. Sample collections are during the successive dry and wet seasons. They are subjected to physicochemical analyses, using the American Public Health Association (APHA) standard. Water temperatures, pH values, turbidity, electrical conductivities, water hardness, suspended solids (SS), water hardness, toxic metals and presence of hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in the samples are determined. There are significant differences between the values of the indicators determined during the dry season and the wet season ( α0.05).Hardness was higher during the dry seasons. The inhabitants of the areas reported increased use of soap for washing during the dry season. Some indicator temperatures, zinc, iron, calcium levels are within the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards Regulatory and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) standards for potable water while others lead, chromium, cadmium, hardness and hydrocarbons are found to be slightly higher. Some quality values for the water collected during the wet and dry seasons were respectively: temperature: 26.25±0.05 to 26.65±0.05; 29.85±0.07 to 30 ±0.05 o C, pH value 5.15±0.04 to 6.80±0.07, 4.49±0.05 to 5.45±1.07, Suspended solids:114.9±38 to 390±10, 50±22.4 to 810.9±10.3,cadmium: 0.542±0.2 to 0.145±0.14,0.234±0.23, hardness of water:730±42.43 to 3100±100, 190±13.13 to 2960±2100mg/L, hydrocarbons for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene:6.189±3.98 to 10.1±2.35 μg/L. Strong correlations existed among physical and chemical parameters determined in all the locations S1 to S4 at 95% confidence level. Bitumen accumulations on available water sources might be the source of the level of heavy metals and BTEX recorded, as they are reportedly associated with bitumen. They are potential health risk to the people living in the area.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116352274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Thereza Fonseca, R. Lima, S. Silva, Hugo Paula, J. Cruz, Arthur Antão, Juni Cordeiro, L. Saenz, M. Scotti
– The largest remaining area of preserved Atlantic Forest in the Belo Horizonte City (Minas Gerais, Brazil) protects many headwaters and watercourses. Among them, the Macacos stream is considered the most preserved with high water quality. However, since 2013 this region has suffered an intense and disorderly of informal settlement process by low-income communities, which resulted in a progressive loss of the original vegetation. Due to the lack of vegetation, this area became prone to erosional process as demonstrated by the topographic analysis. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) demonstrated the great impact of the settlement process over the vegetation, ranging from 1 to 0. Besides, this eroded area has faced the l oss of biodiversity as estimated by the richness and Shenon’s index as well as the invasion by exotic species as Brachiaria sp and Typha domingensis . Also, the erosional process in this hilly site resulted in the accumulation of high level of sediments in the Macacos stream. Therefore, the restoration of headwaters and riparian sites aiming at soil stabilization and vegetation restoration is highly recommended.
{"title":"Impact Of a Low-Income Informal Settlement in a Headwater Area at High-Risk Of Erosion in Brazil","authors":"Maria Thereza Fonseca, R. Lima, S. Silva, Hugo Paula, J. Cruz, Arthur Antão, Juni Cordeiro, L. Saenz, M. Scotti","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2022.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2022.003","url":null,"abstract":"– The largest remaining area of preserved Atlantic Forest in the Belo Horizonte City (Minas Gerais, Brazil) protects many headwaters and watercourses. Among them, the Macacos stream is considered the most preserved with high water quality. However, since 2013 this region has suffered an intense and disorderly of informal settlement process by low-income communities, which resulted in a progressive loss of the original vegetation. Due to the lack of vegetation, this area became prone to erosional process as demonstrated by the topographic analysis. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) demonstrated the great impact of the settlement process over the vegetation, ranging from 1 to 0. Besides, this eroded area has faced the l oss of biodiversity as estimated by the richness and Shenon’s index as well as the invasion by exotic species as Brachiaria sp and Typha domingensis . Also, the erosional process in this hilly site resulted in the accumulation of high level of sediments in the Macacos stream. Therefore, the restoration of headwaters and riparian sites aiming at soil stabilization and vegetation restoration is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127693049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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