{"title":"Energy Transition in Malta: Understanding the Implications on the Environment and Public Perception","authors":"Nirvana Avellino, J. J. Bonello","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114875629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Automobile repair workshops are major anthropological sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in Nigerian cities. The extent of contamination of soil from workshops in Ibadan city was evaluated by contamination or pollution index (C/P index) assessment. The C/P index assessment indicated that the soils were categorized from moderately contaminated to severely polluted class with Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn. The concentration of 16 PAHs in the soil samples ranging from 245±21 to 23400±25 μg/kg were far above the levels in the control samples. Washing of soil from different automobile repair workshops using ethtylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and ethanol was investigated. Since mixed contaminants are usually co-existing in the environment, additional experiments involving a combined solution were conducted to remove both PAHs and heavy metals. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of the extractants were in the order 0.1M DTPA > 0.1M EDTA > 0.01M DTPA > 0.01M EDTA for the heavy metals removal. However, the combined extractants of EDTA and ethanol had much higher PAHs removal efficiency than ethanol alone. The use of mixed extractants was more effective for PAHs and had very little effect for the removal of heavy metals, especially zinc.
{"title":"Decontamination of Automobile Workshop Soils containing Heavy Metals and PAHs using Chelating Agents","authors":"A. Ipeaiyeda, Afolarin O. Ogungbemi","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2020.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2020.005","url":null,"abstract":"Automobile repair workshops are major anthropological sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in Nigerian cities. The extent of contamination of soil from workshops in Ibadan city was evaluated by contamination or pollution index (C/P index) assessment. The C/P index assessment indicated that the soils were categorized from moderately contaminated to severely polluted class with Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn. The concentration of 16 PAHs in the soil samples ranging from 245±21 to 23400±25 μg/kg were far above the levels in the control samples. Washing of soil from different automobile repair workshops using ethtylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and ethanol was investigated. Since mixed contaminants are usually co-existing in the environment, additional experiments involving a combined solution were conducted to remove both PAHs and heavy metals. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of the extractants were in the order 0.1M DTPA > 0.1M EDTA > 0.01M DTPA > 0.01M EDTA for the heavy metals removal. However, the combined extractants of EDTA and ethanol had much higher PAHs removal efficiency than ethanol alone. The use of mixed extractants was more effective for PAHs and had very little effect for the removal of heavy metals, especially zinc.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114754721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- The microorganism and other amendments were immobilized in pellet carrier as microbial reverse screening model and were applied to the simulated Cd contaminated soil. Microbial flora (Streptomycete XW8, Actinomycetes XW3, ActinomycetesXW5) reduces Cd accumulation in rice when combined with biochar, humic acid and Carbon silicon functional liquid fertilizer. Microbial flora (Bacteria XW6, Actinomycetes XW3, Actinomycetes XW5) has highest TF and raises the bioavailability of Cd in soil. But Bacteria XW6 activate Cd in soil, which is a premium candidate for application in phytoremediation Cd farmland contamination. The compatibility of microbial flora had a significant effect in Cd reduction.
{"title":"Inoculation Of Soil With Cadmium-Resistant Actinomycetes Flora Reduces Cadmium Accumulation In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)","authors":"Shengping Xue, Xiaohuan Wang","doi":"10.11159/rtese20.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/rtese20.132","url":null,"abstract":"- The microorganism and other amendments were immobilized in pellet carrier as microbial reverse screening model and were applied to the simulated Cd contaminated soil. Microbial flora (Streptomycete XW8, Actinomycetes XW3, ActinomycetesXW5) reduces Cd accumulation in rice when combined with biochar, humic acid and Carbon silicon functional liquid fertilizer. Microbial flora (Bacteria XW6, Actinomycetes XW3, Actinomycetes XW5) has highest TF and raises the bioavailability of Cd in soil. But Bacteria XW6 activate Cd in soil, which is a premium candidate for application in phytoremediation Cd farmland contamination. The compatibility of microbial flora had a significant effect in Cd reduction.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"137 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134161524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dietary inclusion of herbal components in animal feed is gaining interest due to the reduction of some antibiotic use to decrease drug resistance. Obtaining such products relies on their culture or gathering in a wild environment. Nowadays, pesticide use in agriculture is increasing despite different concerns about public health. The present study provides a pesticide residue assessment of herbal components dedicated to feed additive production. A total of 92 samples of different herbal components were analyzed by three private accredited institutions, PRIMORIS (Belgium), PHYTOCONTROL (France) and EUROFINS (France). These analyses were performed by using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Data revealed the presence of residues in 63% of the samples with 10% more than the European Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). Both herbal components, from wild or culture systems, were contaminated in our samples, respectively 65% and 60%. Wild plants from preserved areas such as the Amazonia forest were found to be surprisingly contaminated. In addition to the detection of pesticides in all countries investigated from various continents, 45% of pesticides were not approved by the European Union Commission. This study provides useful information about plant based additives by giving awareness to all companies involved in this activity. Despite the low incorporation rate of these additives in feed, a regular monitoring strategy should be developed within each company to ensure safe food for consumers at the top level of the food chain.
{"title":"Pesticide residues in botanics used in feed additives:\u0000focusing on wild vs cultivable plants","authors":"Fagnon Mahougnon Simeon, Araujo Coralie, Leguay Clara, H. Johann, Kerros Sylvain","doi":"10.11159/IJEPR.2019.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/IJEPR.2019.004","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary inclusion of herbal components in animal feed is gaining interest due to the reduction of some antibiotic use to decrease drug resistance. Obtaining such products relies on their culture or gathering in a wild environment. Nowadays, pesticide use in agriculture is increasing despite different concerns about public health. The present study provides a pesticide residue assessment of herbal components dedicated to feed additive production. A total of 92 samples of different herbal components were analyzed by three private accredited institutions, PRIMORIS (Belgium), PHYTOCONTROL (France) and EUROFINS (France). These analyses were performed by using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Data revealed the presence of residues in 63% of the samples with 10% more than the European Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). Both herbal components, from wild or culture systems, were contaminated in our samples, respectively 65% and 60%. Wild plants from preserved areas such as the Amazonia forest were found to be surprisingly contaminated. In addition to the detection of pesticides in all countries investigated from various continents, 45% of pesticides were not approved by the European Union Commission. This study provides useful information about plant based additives by giving awareness to all companies involved in this activity. Despite the low incorporation rate of these additives in feed, a regular monitoring strategy should be developed within each company to ensure safe food for consumers at the top level of the food chain.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128479064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since emblematic environment contaminated cases, as Love Canal in United States was found out, the discussion regarding contaminated land are common in scientific community, covering subjects as urban planning, public health and availability of natural resources. Concerns with environment contamination are also relevance because can impact the progress to The Sustainable Development Goals, a global blueprint to develop a sustainable future. Contaminated land refers to areas that have been contaminated by industrial activities, irregular waste disposal or toxic substances. Lack of management of these areas can harm the development of sustainable future, for the cities and citizens. Therefore, the existence and availability of data on the areas that are contaminated is necessary to create better urban planning. In Brazil there are not federal programs to deal with contaminated sites and a federal database regarding this information is absent. However, São Paulo State has been a pioneer in management of contaminated areas in Brazil, developing laws and regulations, since 1999. The aim of this research is to present data regarding contaminated areas in municipality of São Paulo, in five districts, providing information about the scattering of contaminated areas across the districts, the main polluting activity, also observing aspects as revitalization and clean-up process to realize if the remediation process is occurring in the city. This study is a qualitative exploratory research, with information obtained from secondary sources. The results indicated that the main polluting activity is gas station, the process of revitalization and clean-up is happening in all districts evaluated, also showed that environment compartment more affected is Groundwater.
{"title":"A study of contaminated land in São Paulo city, Brazil and mainly adopted remediation process face a deficient database","authors":"Juliana dos Santos Lino, A. Aquino","doi":"10.11159/IJEPR.2019.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/IJEPR.2019.003","url":null,"abstract":"Since emblematic environment contaminated cases, as Love Canal in United States was found out, the discussion regarding contaminated land are common in scientific community, covering subjects as urban planning, public health and availability of natural resources. Concerns with environment contamination are also relevance because can impact the progress to The Sustainable Development Goals, a global blueprint to develop a sustainable future. Contaminated land refers to areas that have been contaminated by industrial activities, irregular waste disposal or toxic substances. Lack of management of these areas can harm the development of sustainable future, for the cities and citizens. Therefore, the existence and availability of data on the areas that are contaminated is necessary to create better urban planning. In Brazil there are not federal programs to deal with contaminated sites and a federal database regarding this information is absent. However, São Paulo State has been a pioneer in management of contaminated areas in Brazil, developing laws and regulations, since 1999. The aim of this research is to present data regarding contaminated areas in municipality of São Paulo, in five districts, providing information about the scattering of contaminated areas across the districts, the main polluting activity, also observing aspects as revitalization and clean-up process to realize if the remediation process is occurring in the city. This study is a qualitative exploratory research, with information obtained from secondary sources. The results indicated that the main polluting activity is gas station, the process of revitalization and clean-up is happening in all districts evaluated, also showed that environment compartment more affected is Groundwater.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126506098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Cong, M. Saito, R. Hirata, A. Ito, Shamil Maksyutov
As the concerns on climate change increased, accurately quantifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from anthropogenic sources has been emphasized more and more. In this paper, uncertainty analysis is conducted for multiple global GHG inventories from anthropogenic sources to explore the sources and the magnitude of them. We first summarize the principal characteristic for 17 global GHG inventories by four indexes. And then to assess the sources and magnitude of uncertainty for these inventories, the discrepancies are quantified on energy statistics data and estimation results of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission on anthropogenic sources at the global total and national scale. Finally, we determine the nations with larger magnitude (extent and proportion) of uncertainty by two indicators which will be helpful for the policy-making on GHG emissions mitigation. As the analysis result, we find that uncertainty of oil consumption data is the largest among major fuels in 2013 as much as 44.6 exajoules (EJ) and the magnitude of uncertainty in CO2 emissions data is significant at global perspective as much as 4.0 petagrams (Pg) CO2 yr-1. At national perspective, as the largest emitter nation in 2013 China, uncertainty from the coal consumption data of which is the largest in major fuels as much as 15.5 EJ and the magnitude of uncertainty for CO2 emissions of China in 2013 is as much as 1.5 Pg CO2 yr-1.
随着人们对气候变化关注的增加，准确量化人为源温室气体排放越来越受到重视。本文对多个全球人为源温室气体清单进行不确定性分析，探讨其来源和规模。本文首先用4个指标总结了17个全球温室气体清单的主要特征。为了评估这些清单的不确定性来源和程度，在全球和国家尺度上对能源统计数据和人为来源的二氧化碳排放估算结果进行了量化。最后，我们通过两个指标确定了不确定性程度(程度和比例)较大的国家，这将有助于制定减缓温室气体排放的政策。作为分析结果，我们发现2013年石油消费数据的不确定性在主要燃料中最大，高达44.6埃焦(EJ)，二氧化碳排放数据的不确定性在全球范围内显著，高达4.0千焦(Pg) CO2年-1。从国家层面来看，2013年中国作为最大的排放国，其主要燃料中最大的煤炭消费数据的不确定性高达15.5 EJ, 2013年中国二氧化碳排放的不确定性幅度高达1.5 Pg CO2 year -1。
{"title":"Uncertainty Analysis on Global Greenhouse Gas Inventories from Anthropogenic Sources","authors":"R. Cong, M. Saito, R. Hirata, A. Ito, Shamil Maksyutov","doi":"10.11159/rtese18.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/rtese18.141","url":null,"abstract":"As the concerns on climate change increased, accurately quantifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from anthropogenic sources has been emphasized more and more. In this paper, uncertainty analysis is conducted for multiple global GHG inventories from anthropogenic sources to explore the sources and the magnitude of them. We first summarize the principal characteristic for 17 global GHG inventories by four indexes. And then to assess the sources and magnitude of uncertainty for these inventories, the discrepancies are quantified on energy statistics data and estimation results of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission on anthropogenic sources at the global total and national scale. Finally, we determine the nations with larger magnitude (extent and proportion) of uncertainty by two indicators which will be helpful for the policy-making on GHG emissions mitigation. As the analysis result, we find that uncertainty of oil consumption data is the largest among major fuels in 2013 as much as 44.6 exajoules (EJ) and the magnitude of uncertainty in CO2 emissions data is significant at global perspective as much as 4.0 petagrams (Pg) CO2 yr-1. At national perspective, as the largest emitter nation in 2013 China, uncertainty from the coal consumption data of which is the largest in major fuels as much as 15.5 EJ and the magnitude of uncertainty for CO2 emissions of China in 2013 is as much as 1.5 Pg CO2 yr-1.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"2 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115720175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Cardia, S. Chessa, M. Franceschi, F. Gambineri, A. Micheli
{"title":"Machine Learning for the Estimation of COD from UV-Vis Spectrometer in Leather Industries Wastewater","authors":"Marco Cardia, S. Chessa, M. Franceschi, F. Gambineri, A. Micheli","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133812430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- In this study, heterogeneous soils contaminated with copper were remediated using solar powered electrokinetic treatment. The heterogeneous soils were composed of clay and sand with ratio 2:1. In one soil, a sand layer was sandwiched between two layers of clay while in another sand pockets made 1/3 of the soil mass. The third heterogeneous soil was a clay-sand mixture. An additional test was carried out with homogeneous clay to provide data for contrast. The soil samples were artificially contaminated with 150 mg of copper per kg of dry soil at water content 41% and placed inside four identical electrokinetic cells. Each cell was connected to a solar cell panel with peak voltage gradient 205 V/m. Encouraging results were obtained. Eighty-seven percent of copper was removed from specimen near the anode in the test of the clay-sand mixture compared to 86% in the homogeneous clay.
{"title":"Restoration of Heterogeneous Soils Contaminated with Copper Using Electrokinetic Remediation","authors":"Ikrema Hassan, E. Mohamedelhassan","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"- In this study, heterogeneous soils contaminated with copper were remediated using solar powered electrokinetic treatment. The heterogeneous soils were composed of clay and sand with ratio 2:1. In one soil, a sand layer was sandwiched between two layers of clay while in another sand pockets made 1/3 of the soil mass. The third heterogeneous soil was a clay-sand mixture. An additional test was carried out with homogeneous clay to provide data for contrast. The soil samples were artificially contaminated with 150 mg of copper per kg of dry soil at water content 41% and placed inside four identical electrokinetic cells. Each cell was connected to a solar cell panel with peak voltage gradient 205 V/m. Encouraging results were obtained. Eighty-seven percent of copper was removed from specimen near the anode in the test of the clay-sand mixture compared to 86% in the homogeneous clay.","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134317142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) remains a popular approach to determine the shape, size, density and elemental composition of particles collected on leaf surfaces, but the effect of leaf micro-morphology on particle counts is not very well known. In this study, leaves of sixteen urban plant species were examined for particle density in June and September 2016 using SEM. The investigated plant species differed in leaf micromorphology involving trichomes, raised stomata, epicuticular wax crystals and convex epidermal cells forming deep grooves between cells. The particle density on leaves of the investigated plant species was estimated by particle size fraction and leaf side. Particle density was significantly higher on the adaxial (AD) leaf side compared to the abaxial (AB) leaf side and higher for fine-particles than coarse-particles. The effect of trichome density on particle density of the AB and the AD leaf side was indicated to be significant and positive for both coarse and fineparticles in June but not in September. The successive repeated measurements elucidated that features constructing the topography of a leaf surface such as trichomes, stomata, and epidermal cells frequently contributed towards the edge enhancement effect, resulting in exaggerated particle counts. Besides, the mechanical drift contributed to the disparity in particle density measurements. Lastly, the reduction in particle density between successive measurements were imputed on the charging effect. These results enable us to suggest that in addition to characterization of micro-morphological features on a leaf surface, SEM will continue to be a useful approach for determining the particle: shape, size, elemental composition and density of the deposited particles. Nonetheless, the disparity in particle density measurements can occur due to abnormal particle recognition. Based on the results of September, we recommend that within-session successive repeated measurements (~ n ≥ 5) need to be performed to remove measurement uncertainties and obtain reliable quantitative data of particle counts using SEM
{"title":"Does Leaf Micro-Morphology Influence The Recognition Of Particles On SEM Images?","authors":"S. Muhammad, K. Wuyts, K. Wael, R. Samson","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2021.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2021.003","url":null,"abstract":"Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) remains a popular approach to determine the shape, size, density and elemental composition of particles collected on leaf surfaces, but the effect of leaf micro-morphology on particle counts is not very well known. In this study, leaves of sixteen urban plant species were examined for particle density in June and September 2016 using SEM. The investigated plant species differed in leaf micromorphology involving trichomes, raised stomata, epicuticular wax crystals and convex epidermal cells forming deep grooves between cells. The particle density on leaves of the investigated plant species was estimated by particle size fraction and leaf side. Particle density was significantly higher on the adaxial (AD) leaf side compared to the abaxial (AB) leaf side and higher for fine-particles than coarse-particles. The effect of trichome density on particle density of the AB and the AD leaf side was indicated to be significant and positive for both coarse and fineparticles in June but not in September. The successive repeated measurements elucidated that features constructing the topography of a leaf surface such as trichomes, stomata, and epidermal cells frequently contributed towards the edge enhancement effect, resulting in exaggerated particle counts. Besides, the mechanical drift contributed to the disparity in particle density measurements. Lastly, the reduction in particle density between successive measurements were imputed on the charging effect. These results enable us to suggest that in addition to characterization of micro-morphological features on a leaf surface, SEM will continue to be a useful approach for determining the particle: shape, size, elemental composition and density of the deposited particles. Nonetheless, the disparity in particle density measurements can occur due to abnormal particle recognition. Based on the results of September, we recommend that within-session successive repeated measurements (~ n ≥ 5) need to be performed to remove measurement uncertainties and obtain reliable quantitative data of particle counts using SEM","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116411304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Algae Based Solutions for Polluted Environments to Restore Ecosphere Equilibrium","authors":"S. Kaur, B. Reddersen","doi":"10.11159/ijepr.2022.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijepr.2022.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":445341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Remediation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115374705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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