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Qualitative and quantitative assessments of pain in anxious and depressed patients : Are there differences?
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-025-00519-5
Michelle Dos Santos Severino Costa, Maria Júlia Logato, Caroline Carvalho Mageste, Diérisson Souza Simão, Renato Santiago Gomez

Background: Pain is a multidimensional and subjective experience, and its perception is influenced by sensory, emotional, and behavioral factors. This work aims to evaluate the influence of depression and anxiety in the quantitative and qualitative assessment of chronic pain.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at the Multidisciplinary Pain Center of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. A total of 103 patients were interviewed and evaluated using the following instruments: McGill Questionnaire, visual numerical scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36.

Results: The affective, sensory and miscellaneous categories of anxious patients were higher than the nonanxious population (p < 0.05). In the depressed population, the "affective" category was higher than the nondepressed population (p < 0.05). Regarding the anxious and depressed population, the affective, sensory and miscellaneous categories were superior to the nonanxious and nondepressed population (p < 0.05).

Discussion: Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric disorders in the population with chronic pain, with a prevalence of 30-40%. In the presence of anxiety and depression, a worse qualitative evaluation was observed. The higher the scores obtained in the assessment of these two mental disorders, the higher the pain index found, and the higher pain index correlates with a lower quality of life.

Conclusion: The presence of anxiety and depression altered the qualitative assessment of pain, making it more unpleasant. The pain index correlated with quality of life without, however, being related to pain intensity.

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引用次数: 0
kultur im kontext. 文化背景。
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-025-00521-x
Maria Höger-Weinmüller
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引用次数: 0
Perinatal and infant mental health care in Austria : Mapping of existing prevention, screening, and care services. 奥地利的围产期和婴儿心理保健:现有预防、筛查和护理服务的制图。
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-024-00516-0
I Zechmeister-Koss, C Hörtnagl, Astrid Lampe, J L Paul

Purpose: Perinatal mental illness (PMI) is one of the major health problems during pregnancy and one year after birth (the perinatal period), with robust evidence of its potentially detrimental effects on the parent's and child's health. Many countries have prioritised perinatal and infant mental health care (PIMHC). In Austria, it is currently unknown how many services are available in which region. The paper aims to map the current PIMHC landscape.

Methods: Using publicly accessible sources, such as health reports or organisation websites and supplementary information from experts, we collected data on eight characteristics of services to prevent, early identify, treat or support parents with a PMI. We extracted the information into tables, narratively summarised the results and presented a geographical visualisation of service availability.

Results: While there is currently no standardised nationwide systematic screening for PMI in place, there are a variety of services to support and treat parents with a PMI of different severity in Austria. However, there are large regional variations and gaps in care, particularly regarding specialised PIMHC and trained staff, leading to unequal access. PIMHC primarily addresses mothers and involves many, mostly public, providers and funding sources.

Conclusion: There is an urgent need to reduce the regional disparities regarding specialised PIMHC, ensuring adequate referrals and treatment and reducing inequalities in access to care. The results also call for a national strategy and defined political, administrative and service provider responsibilities based on international evidence-based recommendations. Investing in the training of staff and defined care pathways seems warranted.

目的:围产期精神疾病(PMI)是怀孕期间和出生后一年(围产期)的主要健康问题之一,有强有力的证据表明它对父母和儿童的健康有潜在的有害影响。许多国家已将围产期和婴儿精神卫生保健列为优先事项。在奥地利,目前还不知道在哪个地区有多少服务。本文旨在绘制PIMHC的现状。方法:利用可公开获取的资源,如健康报告或组织网站以及专家的补充信息,我们收集了有关预防、早期识别、治疗或支持患有PMI的父母的服务的八个特征的数据。我们将信息提取到表格中,叙述总结结果,并呈现服务可用性的地理可视化。结果:虽然目前没有针对PMI的标准化全国性系统筛查,但奥地利有多种服务来支持和治疗患有不同严重程度PMI的父母。然而,在护理方面存在很大的区域差异和差距,特别是在专门的PIMHC和训练有素的工作人员方面,导致获得不平等。PIMHC主要针对母亲,并涉及许多(主要是公共)提供者和资金来源。结论:迫切需要缩小专业化PIMHC的地区差异,确保充分的转诊和治疗,减少获得护理的不平等。研究结果还呼吁制定一项国家战略,并根据国际上以证据为基础的建议确定政治、行政和服务提供者的责任。投资于员工培训和明确的护理途径似乎是有必要的。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review of observational studies. 精神分裂症或分裂情感障碍与 1 型糖尿病之间的关系:观察性研究的范围界定综述。
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-024-00499-y
Yi-Chun Liu, Yin-To Liao, Kuan-Han Lin

Objective: Both schizophrenia and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are known as immune-related disorders. We systematically reviewed observational studies to explore the relationship between schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and T1D.

Methods: A preliminary search of articles was completed using the following databases: Airiti Library, CINAHL Complete (via EBSCOhost), OVID MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed. Two researchers independently assessed each study's quality based on Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A narrative review summarized the potential relationship between the two diseases.

Results: Eleven studies were included in the final analysis. Six observational studies investigated the risk of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in patients with T1D. Two studies showed negative correlations, one showed no correlation, and three showed positive correlations. On the other hand, five studies reported the prevalence of T1D in patients with schizophrenia. Two of them showed positive associations, and three others showed no association. Although the majority of the included studies suggested a positive association between the two medical conditions, these studies were still too heterogeneous to draw consistent results.

Conclusion: We found conflicting results regarding the bidirectional relationship between schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and T1D. These may stem from differences in study design, sampling methods, or definition of diagnoses, which are essential aspects to consider in future research.

目的:精神分裂症和1型糖尿病(T1D)都是众所周知的免疫相关疾病。我们对观察性研究进行了系统回顾,以探讨精神分裂症或精神分裂情感障碍与 T1D 之间的关系:我们使用以下数据库对文章进行了初步检索:Airiti图书馆、CINAHL Complete(通过EBSCOhost)、OVID MEDLINE、Embase和PubMed。两名研究人员根据乔安娜-布里格斯研究所(JBI)对每项研究的质量进行了独立评估。一篇叙述性综述总结了两种疾病之间的潜在关系:最终分析纳入了 11 项研究。六项观察性研究调查了T1D患者罹患精神分裂症和精神分裂情感障碍的风险。其中两项研究结果呈负相关,一项研究结果无相关性,三项研究结果呈正相关。另一方面,有五项研究报告了 T1D 在精神分裂症患者中的患病率。其中两项研究表明两者呈正相关,另外三项研究表明两者之间没有关联。尽管纳入的大多数研究表明这两种病症之间存在正相关,但这些研究仍然过于分散,无法得出一致的结果:我们发现,精神分裂症或精神分裂情感障碍与 T1D 之间的双向关系存在相互矛盾的结果。结论:我们发现精神分裂症或精神分裂情感障碍与 T1D 的双向关系存在相互矛盾的结果,这可能源于研究设计、抽样方法或诊断定义的差异,这些都是未来研究中需要考虑的重要方面。
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引用次数: 0
Associations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with inflammatory diseases. Results from the nationwide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). 注意缺陷/多动症与炎症性疾病的关系。德国全国儿童和青少年健康访谈和检查调查(KiGGS)的结果。
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-023-00479-8
Lena Boemanns, Julia Staab, Thomas Meyer

Background: Despite conflicting data, some studies have suggested a pathophysiological relationship between inflammation and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Using data from the nationwide and representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS; n = 6922 study participants aged 11-17 years), this post hoc analysis assessed the associations between ADHD and three common inflammatory diseases.

Results: Results showed univariate associations between ADHD and lifetime inflammatory diseases including atopic dermatitis (p = 0.002), otitis media (p = 0.001), and herpes simplex infection (p = 0.032). In logistic regression models adjusted for clinically relevant confounders, we found that ADHD remained a significant predictor of all three inflammatory diseases (atopic dermatitis, Exp(β) = 1.672, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.239-2.257, p = 0.001; otitis media, Exp(β) = 1.571, 95% CI 1.209-2.040, p = 0.001; herpes simplex, Exp(β) = 1.483, 95% CI 1.137-1.933, p = 0.004).

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a positive link between ADHD and peripheral inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, otitis media, and herpes simplex infection. Further studies are needed to understand the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these associations.

背景:尽管数据相互矛盾,但一些研究表明炎症与注意力缺陷/多动症(ADHD)之间存在病理生理关系:尽管数据相互矛盾,但一些研究表明炎症与注意力缺陷/多动症(ADHD)之间存在病理生理关系:方法:利用具有全国代表性的德国儿童和青少年健康访谈和检查调查(KiGGS;n = 6922 名 11-17 岁的研究参与者)的数据,进行事后分析,评估多动症与三种常见炎症之间的关系:结果显示,多动症与终生炎症性疾病(包括特应性皮炎(p = 0.002)、中耳炎(p = 0.001)和单纯疱疹病毒感染(p = 0.032))之间存在单变量关联。在调整了临床相关混杂因素的逻辑回归模型中,我们发现多动症仍然是所有三种炎症性疾病的重要预测因素(异位性皮炎,Exp(β) = 1.672,95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.239-2.257,p = 0.001;中耳炎,Exp(β) = 1.571,95% CI 1.209-2.040,p = 0.001;单纯疱疹,Exp(β) = 1.483,95% CI 1.137-1.933,p = 0.004):我们的研究结果表明,多动症与特应性皮炎、中耳炎和单纯疱疹感染等外周炎症性疾病之间存在正相关。要了解这些关联的确切病理生理机制,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
On the rise or a return to pre-pandemic levels? A cross-sectional online survey on nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drug use among youth. 是上升还是恢复到流行前的水平?关于青少年尼古丁、酒精和非法药物使用情况的横断面在线调查。
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-024-00503-5
Selina Fanninger, Anna Mayer, Andreas Goreis, Oswald D Kothgassner, Julia Matjazic, Paul Schoegl, Nicolas Schmelzle, Valentin Wollenek, Katrin Skala

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented and deteriorating effects on the mental health of adolescents and young adults. Various studies have described changes regarding substance abuse, but findings are conflicting.

Study design: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey on nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drug use.

Methods: From March to May 2023, 502 participants aged 14-24 from a community-based sample completed the questionnaire.

Results: We found a general trend of declining or stable substance use during the first 2 years of the pandemic; however, in the third year (i.e., 2022), substance use returned to pre-pandemic levels or exceeded it. Compared with young adults (age 19-24), adolescents' (age 14-18) use increased more clearly. Participants who scored above the cut-off on screening measures for problematic substance use showed a more pronounced increase in the use of cigarettes and illicit drugs but not of alcohol. Higher alcohol consumption during lockdowns was associated with increased likelihood of current problematic alcohol (odds ratio [OR]: 3.03) and cannabis use (OR: 2.60). Furthermore, individuals who reported increased usage of one psychotropic substance during lockdowns were more likely to have increased their use of other substances as well (OR: 2.66-4.87).

Conclusions: Although not optimally generalizable due to the retrospective online format and convenience sampling, our results support the notion that special attention ought to be paid to certain subgroups such as younger people and those who already exhibit problematic substance use during the pandemic. Following up on post-pandemic trends in substance use is crucial for developing prevention measures and targeted interventions.

目标:COVID-19 大流行对青少年的心理健康造成了前所未有的恶化影响。各种研究都描述了药物滥用方面的变化,但研究结果却相互矛盾:我们对尼古丁、酒精和非法药物的使用情况进行了横断面在线调查:从 2023 年 3 月到 5 月,502 名年龄在 14-24 岁之间的社区抽样调查者完成了问卷:结果:我们发现,在大流行的前两年,药物使用量总体呈下降或稳定趋势;但在第三年(即 2022 年),药物使用量恢复到或超过了大流行前的水平。与青壮年(19-24 岁)相比,青少年(14-18 岁)的药物使用量增长更为明显。在问题药物使用筛查措施中得分高于临界值的参与者在香烟和非法药物的使用上有更明显的增加,但在酒精的使用上却没有。在禁闭期间饮酒量增加与当前有问题的饮酒(几率比[OR]:3.03)和使用大麻(几率比:2.60)的可能性增加有关。此外,报告在禁闭期间增加使用一种精神药物的人也更有可能增加使用其他药物(OR:2.66-4.87):尽管由于采用的是回顾性在线形式和方便抽样,因此不具有最佳的普遍性,但我们的结果支持了这样一种观点,即应特别关注某些亚群体,如年轻人和那些在大流行期间已经表现出药物使用问题的人。跟踪大流行后的药物使用趋势对于制定预防措施和有针对性的干预措施至关重要。
{"title":"On the rise or a return to pre-pandemic levels? A cross-sectional online survey on nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drug use among youth.","authors":"Selina Fanninger, Anna Mayer, Andreas Goreis, Oswald D Kothgassner, Julia Matjazic, Paul Schoegl, Nicolas Schmelzle, Valentin Wollenek, Katrin Skala","doi":"10.1007/s40211-024-00503-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40211-024-00503-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented and deteriorating effects on the mental health of adolescents and young adults. Various studies have described changes regarding substance abuse, but findings are conflicting.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional online survey on nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drug use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From March to May 2023, 502 participants aged 14-24 from a community-based sample completed the questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a general trend of declining or stable substance use during the first 2 years of the pandemic; however, in the third year (i.e., 2022), substance use returned to pre-pandemic levels or exceeded it. Compared with young adults (age 19-24), adolescents' (age 14-18) use increased more clearly. Participants who scored above the cut-off on screening measures for problematic substance use showed a more pronounced increase in the use of cigarettes and illicit drugs but not of alcohol. Higher alcohol consumption during lockdowns was associated with increased likelihood of current problematic alcohol (odds ratio [OR]: 3.03) and cannabis use (OR: 2.60). Furthermore, individuals who reported increased usage of one psychotropic substance during lockdowns were more likely to have increased their use of other substances as well (OR: 2.66-4.87).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although not optimally generalizable due to the retrospective online format and convenience sampling, our results support the notion that special attention ought to be paid to certain subgroups such as younger people and those who already exhibit problematic substance use during the pandemic. Following up on post-pandemic trends in substance use is crucial for developing prevention measures and targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":" ","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Violence in contact and custody proceedings-A case of child endangerment in the family court-Where are efficient child protection measures?] [接触和监护程序中的暴力--家事法庭中危害儿童的案例--有效的儿童保护措施在哪里?]
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-024-00512-4
Ulrike Altendorfer-Kling

Against the background of 30 years of discussion in medicine and law about unfounded accusations and the existence of reasonable suspicion of intra-family violence in contact and custody proceedings, this article emphasises the importance of focusing on child protection by all professionals.Based on a case report in connection with the Federal Ministry of Justice's handout "Dealing with violence in custody and contact proceedings", the article describes the relevance of child protection in Austrian case law and the means by which it is undermined. In the name of science, ideological diagnoses are used instead of evidence-based treatment diagnoses [1]. "Professionals from the healthcare system, youth welfare, justice and education should cooperate in child protection with the aim of recognising, identifying and ending child abuse, maltreatment and/or neglect as such (cf. § 3 KKG) [2]."In legal practice, however, practitioners in the psychosocial, psychosomatic and psychotherapeutic fields are often not recognised as witnesses because of the assumption they are influenced by parents or patients themselves. In Austria, the evaluation of evidence is the responsibility of the judge and it is often assumed that practitioners cannot take an objective position towards their patients and their relatives. Specialist medical or psychological experts are therefore of crucial importance. When taking their oath, they have committed themselves to objectivity and impartiality in the recording of findings and orientation towards scientific principles and standards ("state of the art") and their application, as well as to continuous further training and education in the preparation of expert opinions [3].The specific case in question is a child with a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder following suspected sexualised violence, enuresis and enkopresis in connection with the traumatic experiences.The connection between violent situations and child and adolescent psychiatric disorders and the course of the custody and contact proceedings are described. Relevant legal interests such as the will of the child, the best interests of the child, attachment tolerance and protection against violence are addressed and put up for discussion. Topics such as domestic, psychological, sexualised, institutional violence and intimate terror are presented.The case report is an example of how child psychiatrists deal with points relevant to the Federal Ministry of Justice's handbook "Dealing with violence in custody and contact proceedings", which was published in January 2024. It represents a guideline for the area of court proceedings, assessment and treatment.

本文以医学和法律界 30 年来对无端指责以及在接触和监护权诉讼中合理怀疑存在家庭暴力的讨论为背景,强调了所有专业人员关注儿童保护的重要性。文章以一份与联邦司法部手册《处理监护权和接触程序中的暴力行为》相关的案例报告为基础,描述了奥地利判例法中儿童保护的相关性以及破坏儿童保护的手段。以科学为名,使用意识形态诊断而非循证治疗诊断[1]。"医疗保健系统、青少年福利、司法和教育领域的专业人员应在儿童保护方面开展合作,目的是识别、鉴定和终止对儿童的虐待、粗暴对待和/或忽视行为(参见 KKG 第 3 节)[2]。"然而,在法律实践中,社会心理、心身医学和心理治疗领域的从业人员往往不被承认为证人,因为他们被假定受到父母或患者本身的影响。在奥地利,评估证据是法官的责任,人们往往认为从业人员无法对病人及其亲属采取客观的立场。因此,医疗或心理专家的作用至关重要。在宣誓时,他们承诺在记录研究结果时客观公正,以科学原则和标准("最新技术")及其应用为导向,并在准备专家意见时不断接受进一步培训和教育[3]。具体案例是一名儿童在疑似遭受性暴力后被诊断为创伤后应激障碍,并伴有与创伤经历有关的遗尿和遗尿症。相关的法律利益,如儿童的意愿、儿童的最大利益、依恋容忍度和保护儿童免受暴力侵害等,都得到了探讨和讨论。本案例报告是儿童精神科医生如何处理联邦司法部于 2024 年 1 月发布的手册《处理监护和接触程序中的暴力行为》中相关要点的一个实例。该手册于 2024 年 1 月出版,是法庭诉讼、评估和治疗领域的指南。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship of sleep quality, chronotype, and obstructive sleep apnea with migraine in the elderly population. 老年人群中睡眠质量、时间型和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与偏头痛的关系。
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-023-00467-y
Asieh Kouhi Fayegh, Hazwan Mat Din, Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman, Maryam Ravanipour, Hamidon Basri, Mohd Hazmi Bin Mohamed, Vasudevan Ramachandran, Liyana Najwa Inche Mat

Purpose: Disturbances of sleep have frequently been reported in individuals with migraine. On top of this, an elderly patient with migraine also suffers from sleep disturbances due to changes in physiologic and mental health associated with aging. This study aimed to compare several sleep factors, namely sleep quality, chronotype, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk, between elderly people with and without migraine.

Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 10 neurologic clinics located in Tehran, Iran, over 2 years. The sample size was calculated as 189, including 63 migraine and 126 non-migraine patients.

Results: A significant difference was observed in the mean score of the global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) between migraine and non-migraine groups (p-value = 0.002), and in the individual components of the PSQI. However, there were no significant differences in the frequency of different types of chronotype (p-value = 0.125, T = 1.541) or OSA risk between the two groups (p-value = 0.568, T = -0.573). The binary logistic regression model showed that the relationship between global PSQI and migraine was significant (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: Sleep quality is a problem for elderly migraine sufferers. Meanwhile, certain factors such as chronotype and OSA have no significant relationship with migraine among community-dwelling seniors. Further studies are required to enhance our understanding of this observation.

目的:据报道,偏头痛患者经常会出现睡眠障碍。此外,由于生理和心理健康随着年龄的增长而发生变化,老年偏头痛患者也会出现睡眠障碍。本研究旨在比较有偏头痛和没有偏头痛的老年人的几种睡眠因素,即睡眠质量、时间型和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)风险:这是一项多中心横断面研究,在伊朗德黑兰的 10 家神经科诊所进行,历时 2 年。样本量为 189 人,包括 63 名偏头痛患者和 126 名非偏头痛患者:结果:偏头痛组和非偏头痛组之间的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)总平均分(P值=0.002)以及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数的各个组成部分均存在明显差异。然而,两组之间不同类型慢性型的频率(P值=0.125,T值=1.541)或OSA风险(P值=0.568,T值=-0.573)没有明显差异。二元逻辑回归模型显示,总体 PSQI 与偏头痛之间的关系显著(p = 0.002):结论:睡眠质量是老年偏头痛患者的一个问题。结论:睡眠质量是老年偏头痛患者的一个问题,而某些因素(如慢性型和 OSA)与社区老年人偏头痛的关系并不明显。我们需要进一步的研究来加深对这一观察结果的理解。
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引用次数: 0
[Therapy strategies for repetitive vocalizations in dementia : A systematic review]. [痴呆症患者重复发声的治疗策略 :系统综述]。
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-024-00511-5
Samuel Taubenheim, Arnim Quante

Background: Vocalizations in dementia patients are repetitive verbal expressions that, due to their volume, frequency, and/or social inappropriateness, cause negative effects on patients and other individuals present. The prevalence ranges up to 30%. Given the increasing global incidence of dementia and the limited number of randomized controlled trials about treating repetitive vocalizations, this systematic review provides a summary of existing works on the effectiveness of potential pharmacotherapeutic and nonpharmacological therapies.

Methods: The systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration page (registration number: CRD42023486344). Literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases. Due to insufficient data, case reports were also included.

Results: Of 2635 articles, 25 studies were included in the review. Efficacy was demonstrated for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), pregabalin, gabapentin, and the antipsychotics haloperidol and risperidone based on a few case reports, albeit with associated side effects. Nonpharmacological interventions also showed efficacy.

Conclusion: Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions are effective treatment approaches for repetitive vocalizations in dementia patients. Due to the fact that there are hardly any randomized controlled studies available, the results of this systematic review must be interpreted with caution. The results of this review show that randomized controlled trials are required for many interventions.

背景:痴呆症患者的发声是一种重复性语言表达,由于其音量、频率和/或与社会不相称,会对患者和在场的其他人造成负面影响。发病率高达 30%。鉴于全球痴呆症发病率不断上升,而治疗重复发声的随机对照试验数量有限,本系统综述总结了现有关于潜在药物疗法和非药物疗法有效性的研究成果:本系统综述遵循《系统综述和元分析首选报告项目》(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses,PRISMA)指南,并在《国际系统综述前瞻性注册》(International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews,PROSPERO)注册页面上进行了注册(注册号:CRD42023486344)。文献检索在 PubMed 和 Embase 数据库中进行。由于数据不足,还纳入了病例报告:在 2635 篇文章中,有 25 项研究被纳入综述。根据一些病例报告,选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)、普瑞巴林、加巴喷丁以及抗精神病药物氟哌啶醇和利培酮被证明具有疗效,尽管会产生相关副作用。非药物干预也显示出疗效:结论:药物和非药物干预都是治疗痴呆患者重复发声的有效方法。由于目前几乎没有随机对照研究,因此在解释本系统综述的结果时必须谨慎。综述结果表明,许多干预措施都需要进行随机对照试验。
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引用次数: 0
Gender differences in neurocognitive assessments: insights from a pilot study with the International Neurocognitive Test Profile (INCP) digital battery. 神经认知评估中的性别差异:国际神经认知测试简介(INCP)数字电池试点研究的启示。
IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-024-00510-6
Bernd Maierhofer, Daria Grigoryeva, Beatrice Beck, Johann Lehrner

Background: The aging global population has led to an increase in the number of dementia diagnoses, with projections indicating a continued upward trend. This demographic change presents profound challenges for patients, their families, and healthcare systems worldwide. Consequently, the demand for reliable and user-friendly screening tools that can detect dementia at early stages and monitor its progression is more critical than ever. The International Neurocognitive Test Profile (INCP), developed at the Medical University of Vienna, aims to address this need by offering a digital test battery for the early detection of dementia. This study forms a part of the INCP's ongoing development and evaluation, specifically investigating the influence of gender on test outcomes.

Methods: Seventy participants, recruited through flyers at the Vienna General Hospital, completed the INCP assessment using tablets as part of the study. The effect of gender on performance across various INCP subtests was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests. For further exploratory analysis, a correlation matrix was calculated encompassing demographic variables (age and education), screening data, and all INCP subtests.

Results: The analysis revealed significant gender differences in two INCP subtests related to executive functions. Males outperformed females on the Figure Fluency Test (r = 0.30, indicating a moderate effect) and the Dice 2‑n Back Test (r = 0.29, indicating a small effect). However, when correcting for multiple comparisons, no significant gender disparities were observed in the scores of the subtests.

Conclusion: The identification of possible gender differences in specific subtests underscores the importance of considering gender as a variable in the further development and evaluation of the INCP. These findings offer valuable insights for the design and planning of future studies involving the INCP.

背景:全球人口老龄化导致痴呆症确诊人数增加,而且预测显示有继续上升的趋势。这种人口结构的变化给全世界的患者、家属和医疗保健系统带来了深远的挑战。因此,现在比以往任何时候都更需要可靠、易用的筛查工具,以便在早期阶段发现痴呆症并监测其进展情况。维也纳医科大学开发的 "国际神经认知测试档案"(INCP)旨在通过提供用于早期检测痴呆症的数字测试组合来满足这一需求。本研究是 INCP 正在进行的开发和评估工作的一部分,专门调查性别对测试结果的影响:方法:在维也纳总医院通过传单招募了 70 名参与者,作为研究的一部分,他们使用平板电脑完成了 INCP 评估。研究使用曼-惠特尼 U 检验法分析了性别对 INCP 各项子测试成绩的影响。为了进一步进行探索性分析,我们计算了一个包含人口统计学变量(年龄和教育程度)、筛查数据和所有 INCP 分测验的相关矩阵:分析表明,在与执行功能有关的两项 INCP 分测验中,男女存在明显差异。男性在图形流畅性测试(r = 0.30,表明有中等程度的影响)和骰子 2-n 背测试(r = 0.29,表明有较小的影响)中的表现优于女性。然而,在对多重比较进行校正后,在这些子测试的得分上没有观察到明显的性别差异:在特定分测验中发现可能存在的性别差异,突出了在进一步开发和评估 INCP 时将性别作为一个变量考虑的重要性。这些发现为今后设计和规划涉及 INCP 的研究提供了宝贵的见解。
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