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Effect of System Parameters on Phase Error of Focus-Free Digital Fringe Projection Profilometry System 系统参数对无焦数字条纹投影轮廓测量系统相位误差的影响
Pub Date : 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.21608/ejs.2021.96550.1021
Hanem Mohamed Ali, M. Amer, Asmaa Omaraa
Digital Fringe projection profilometry (DFPP) is a noncontact, fast, accurate and flexible technique for 3D measurements. Phase calculation is an important step that affects the accuracy of measurements. in phase calculation, the critical source of error is phase error due to nonlinear gamma effect of the system. This paper introduces an experimental investigation of the nonlinear gamma effect of DFPP system as well as the effect of system parameters, such as fringe intensity, fringe period, surface distance from the camera and projector and finally the ambient illumination, on phase error and consequently system measurements. Fringe patterns are generated using Matlab 2018a and projected by digital laser projector. The deformed patterns are captured using colored CCD camera. Phase shifting technique is used to calculate phase map. The system shows a linear response in the intensity range (50-220) and has small phase error without any compensation for nonlinear gamma effect. The phase error of the system slightly increases with increasing fringe period and the surface distance from the camera and projector, while it is nearly constant with ambient illumination changes from dark to median level and shows a bigger change if the ambient is completely illuminated. In the worst conditions the phase error does not accedes 0.0387 rad without any compensation for nonlinear gamma effect, make the system a useful tool for 3D measurements in different working fields.
数字条纹投影轮廓术(DFPP)是一种非接触、快速、准确和灵活的三维测量技术。相位计算是影响测量精度的重要步骤。在相位计算中,由于系统的非线性伽马效应,相位误差是误差的关键来源。本文介绍了DFPP系统非线性伽玛效应的实验研究,以及系统参数(如条纹强度、条纹周期、与相机和投影仪的表面距离以及环境光照)对相位误差和系统测量结果的影响。利用Matlab 2018a生成条纹图案,并通过数字激光投影仪进行投影。用彩色CCD相机捕捉变形的图案。相位图的计算采用移相技术。该系统在50-220强度范围内具有良好的线性响应,且相位误差小,无需对非线性伽马效应进行补偿。系统的相位误差随着条纹周期的增加以及与摄像机和投影仪表面距离的增加而略有增加,而随着环境照度从暗到中值的变化,系统的相位误差几乎不变,当环境完全照明时,系统的相位误差变化更大。在最坏条件下,相位误差不超过0.0387 rad,且不需要对非线性伽马效应进行补偿,使该系统成为不同工作领域三维测量的有用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis, structure, and optical properties of nanopowders CdS: xAl (x=0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) via the sol–gel technique 溶胶-凝胶法制备CdS: xAl (x=0、1、5、10、15和20%)纳米粉体的合成、结构和光学性质
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.21608/ejs.2021.93198.1019
E. Assim
The nanocrystalline Al-doped CdS semiconductors were produced accurately by the sol-gel calcination process. The aluminum was added with different percent’s (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) to the synthesized CdS. Both FT-Raman analysis and UV–VIS-NIR absorption measurements were utilized to characterize the studied semiconductors' structural and optical characteristics. The detected X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the prepared CdS present a polycrystalline structure, and Al-doping does not significantly impact this range. Optical bandgaps were determined for undoped and Al-doped CdS, showing a significant change with the percentage of Al-dopants. With increasing Al-doping up to (20 percent), the optical bandgap for CdS (2.38 eV) grows to reach (2.47 eV) and the allowed transitions were found to be direct for the investigated samples. The blue shift may be the reason for the optical bandgap variations. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs were performed to establish the Al-doped CdS nanostructure to identify the morphological characteristics.
采用溶胶-凝胶煅烧法制备了掺杂铝的纳米晶CdS半导体材料。在合成的CdS中加入不同比例(0、1、5、10、15、20 wt%)的铝。利用FT-Raman分析和UV-VIS-NIR吸收测量来表征所研究的半导体的结构和光学特性。制备的CdS的x射线衍射(XRD)图显示为多晶结构,al掺杂对该范围没有显著影响。测定了未掺杂和掺杂al的CdS的光学带隙,发现随着al掺杂的比例的增加,光学带隙发生了显著的变化。随着al掺杂量的增加(20%),CdS的光学带隙(2.38 eV)增加到(2.47 eV),并且在所研究的样品中发现允许的跃迁是直接的。蓝移可能是光学带隙变化的原因。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)建立掺杂al的CdS纳米结构,并对其形貌特征进行鉴定。
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引用次数: 1
Er3+ ion doped low phonon energy glass as a white light emitter 掺Er3+离子的低声子能玻璃作为白光发射器
Pub Date : 2021-09-04 DOI: 10.21608/ejs.2021.90000.1017
A. Saeed, W. Abu-raia, M. Farag
White light emitters remain in the need of continual development and research for new materials. In this context, a low phonon energy glass containing Er3+ ions was prepared using the conventional melt/casting technique. The chemical compositions of the synthesized materials were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) measurements. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern strongly affirms the non-crystalline essence of the produced materials. The behavior of both density and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy denoted that the Er3+ ions have a modifier role and non-bridging oxygens NBOs were formed inside the studied glass network. The studied glasses have low phonon energy, ranging from 647 to 659 cm-1. The obtained results of the thermal, thermo-mechanical, mechanical, and optical properties were discussed in light of the structural changes brought about by inserting Er3+ ions inside the studied network. The present glasses have high thermal stability, high thermal expansion, and high refractive index. With the increase of Er3+ ion content, the Vickers microhardness VMH decreased from 3.78 GPa to 3.20 GPa. Under near ultraviolet NUV 380 nm excitation wavelength, three emission bands; blue, green, and red are observed. The white light is possible by a suitable combination of these colors. The cool white light emission was confirmed using CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram and correlated color temperature values. According to the obtained results, the studied glasses are nominated as a white light emitter in photonic applications.
白光发射器仍然需要不断开发和研究新材料。在这种情况下,采用传统的熔融/铸造技术制备了含有Er3+离子的低声子能量玻璃。利用x射线荧光(XRF)测量分析了合成材料的化学成分。x射线衍射(XRD)图谱有力地证实了所制备材料的非晶本质。密度和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)的行为表明,Er3+离子具有改性作用,并且在所研究的玻璃网络内形成了非桥接氧NBOs。所研究的玻璃具有低声子能量,范围在647 ~ 659 cm-1之间。根据Er3+离子注入所引起的结构变化,讨论了所得的热学、热力学、力学和光学性质。该玻璃具有高热稳定性、高热膨胀、高折射率等特点。随着Er3+离子含量的增加,合金的显微硬度VMH由3.78 GPa降至3.20 GPa。在近紫外NUV 380 nm激发波长下,有三个发射波段;可以观察到蓝色、绿色和红色。这些颜色的适当组合就可能产生白光。利用CIE 1931色度图和相关色温值确认冷白光发射。根据得到的结果,所研究的玻璃被指定为光子应用中的白光发射器。
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引用次数: 6
Preparation and structural investigation of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) / nano-ferrite composites 聚乙二醇/纳米铁氧体复合材料的制备及结构研究
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.21608/ejs.2021.98349.1022
S. Saafan, Enas Elghazzawy, Nagat M. Abo-aita
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)/nano-ferrite composites have been prepared by using CoFe2O4, CuFe2O4, Co0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 and MgFe2O4 ferrite nano-particles synthesized by citrate precursor method along with PEG with different percentages. Ferrite samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the formation of pure spinel ferrite phase and, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to ensure that the average particle size is within the nano-scale. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermographs of the ferrite samples have been used to ensure the complete formation of pure ferrites at temperatures above 800 o C. The ferrites and their composites with PEG, have been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. The main bands of ferrites and PEG have been clearly displayed in agreement with literature. A systematic shift of the bands has been observed upon adding PEG. The magnetic properties have been explored by using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Where the values of of saturation magnetization (Ms), remnant magnetization (Mr) and coercive field (Hc) for pure ferrite and composite samples vary with the presence of different divalent cations which have different magnetic moment. Whereas, Hc values remain constant as obtained in pure ferrites regardless the ratio of PEG. The obtained values of Hc are comparable with those in literature, which can be used in electromagnetic wave attenuation.
以柠檬酸盐前驱体法合成的CoFe2O4、CuFe2O4、Co0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4和MgFe2O4纳米铁氧体为原料,加入不同比例的PEG,制备聚乙二醇(PEG)/纳米铁氧体复合材料。对铁素体样品进行了x射线衍射(XRD)表征,证实形成了纯尖晶石铁素体相,透射电镜(TEM)表征,确保平均粒度在纳米级范围内。用热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)对铁氧体样品进行了热分析,以确保在800℃以上的温度下铁氧体完全形成纯铁氧体,并用红外光谱研究了铁氧体及其与PEG的复合材料。铁氧体和聚乙二醇的主带清晰可见,与文献一致。在加入聚乙二醇后,观察到谱带的系统性移位。用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了其磁性能。其中,纯铁氧体和复合材料样品的饱和磁化强度(Ms)、剩余磁化强度(Mr)和矫顽力场(Hc)随不同磁矩的二价阳离子的存在而变化。然而,在纯铁氧体中,Hc值保持不变,无论PEG的比例如何。所得的Hc值与文献中的值相当,可用于电磁波的衰减。
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引用次数: 1
Mathematical modeling of the heat exchange in a stepped solar still 阶梯式太阳能蒸馏器热交换的数学建模
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.21608/ejs.2021.69568.1010
Nourhan Badawy
A mathematical model for investigating warm performance of the ventured sunlight based still which is not performed in most of the previous studies. is developed in this study. Based on the proposed model, a computer program (using Pascal language) is carried out. A stepped solar still consists of five small steps(0.002 m depth, 0.2 m width and 1.0 m length). The effect of configuration parameters on the stepped productivity and efficiency such as the still width (b_s), depth of water (d_w), tray width (W) and the height of tray (H) is considered. Comparing thermal performance of the stepped solar still with that of the conventional one shows that the stepped solar still is more efficient. Correlations of the got results with those introduced in the past investigations have been done, prompt an approving the proposed mathematical model. The outcomes show that, the every day productivities for the traditional and ventured sun based stills are discovered to be 4.0 and 4.51 (kg/m2day); separately. The Daily productivity of the regular and ventured sunlight based stills are 61.48% and 81.85%, individually.
建立了一个数学模型,用于研究基于冒险阳光的蒸馏器的温暖性能,这在以前的大多数研究中没有得到实现。在本研究中得到发展。在此基础上,用Pascal语言编写了相应的计算机程序。阶梯式太阳能仍然由五个小台阶组成(0.002米深,0.2米宽,1.0米长)。考虑了静液宽度(b_s)、水深(d_w)、托盘宽度(W)和托盘高度(H)等配置参数对阶梯生产率和效率的影响。将阶梯式太阳能蒸馏器与传统太阳能蒸馏器的热性能进行比较,结果表明阶梯式太阳能蒸馏器效率更高。将所得到的结果与以往的研究结果进行了比较,并对所提出的数学模型进行了验证。结果表明,传统和冒险的太阳蒸馏器的日生产率分别为4.0和4.51 (kg/m2day);分开。常规和冒险的阳光蒸馏器的日生产率分别为61.48%和81.85%。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of the Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4 Nanocrystals for the Degradation of Crystal Violet 利用Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4纳米晶降解结晶紫
Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.21608/EJS.2021.64685.1002
A. Ghoneim
Ultrafine Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4 nanocrystals were synthesized by the simple co-precipitation route, and well-accurately characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectra, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HTEM) technique. XRD investigation proved the evolution of the single-phase cubic spinel structure for these nanocrystals. The fine crystallite size R average value was 36.265 nm. FT-IR absorption spectra displayed the essential absorption bands that were related to their principle sites and main bonds. All the deduced parameters were affected by the presence of the Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ cations in these nanocrystals. HTEM images showed accumulations for the nanoparticles, where the average particle size value was 42.9 nm and was slightly higher than the crystallite size R. Evaluation of photocatalytic activity for Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4 Nano-ferrites was obtained through the degradation of Crystal Violet (CV) dye (1 × 10-5 M) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation using 100 Watt Tungsten lamp fixed at ~ 10 cm distance. As a result, usage of these new ultrafine Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4 nanocrystals gives a new marvellous route for the advancement of cost-effective technologies for quite good waste water recycling models, for raising water quality and for the promotion of fruitful efforts in improving treatment systems.
采用简单共沉淀法合成了Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4纳米晶,并用x射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和高分辨率透射电镜(HTEM)技术对其进行了精确表征。XRD研究证实了这些纳米晶的单相立方尖晶石结构的演化。细晶尺寸R平均值为36.265 nm。FT-IR吸收光谱显示了与它们的主位和主键相关的基本吸收带。这些纳米晶体中Ni2+、Co2+和Fe3+阳离子的存在对所得参数均有影响。HTEM图像显示纳米颗粒聚集,平均粒径值为42.9 nm,略高于晶粒尺寸r。通过100瓦钨丝灯固定在~ 10 cm距离下,在可见光照射下降解水溶液中的结晶紫(CV)染料(1 × 10-5 M),获得了Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4纳米铁氧体的光催化活性评价。因此,这些新的超细Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4纳米晶体的使用为发展具有成本效益的技术提供了一条新的不可思议的途径,从而实现了相当好的废水回收模型,提高了水质,并促进了改进处理系统的卓有成效的努力。
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引用次数: 0
‌Influence of Small Amount of Cu Addition on Microstructure, Deformation Temperature, and the Tensile Behaviour of Sn-9Zn-1.5Ag Lead free Solder Alloy 少量Cu添加对Sn-9Zn-1.5Ag无铅钎料合金组织、变形温度和拉伸性能的影响
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.21608/ejs.2020.148115
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引用次数: 1
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Oxyfluorophosphate Glass Containing Er3+/Yb3+ 含Er3+/Yb3+氟氧磷玻璃的热力学性能
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.21608/ejs.2020.148113
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引用次数: 1
Optical Properties and Phase Transition Measurements of Oriented Difluorophenylazophenyl Benzoate Liquid Crystal 取向苯甲酸二氟苯并噻吩液晶的光学性质和相变测量
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21608/ejs.2018.148256
A. A. Zaki
Optical properties of the difluoro substituted 4-(2-(or 3) fluoro phenylazo (-2’-(or 3’-) fluoro phenyl-4-dodecyloxybenzoates thermotropic liquid crystal (III) were affected by the special new position and orientation of the two fluorine atoms. The compound III was dissolved in methylene chloride of different concentrations in order to determine its absorbance and transmittance in UV-visible region at room temperature. The maximum absorbance for the compound was in the blue region (447nm) and the molar absorption coefficient was found to be 0.93 (L. mMol.cm). The phase transition temperature was determined for the thermotropic LC compound III by using DSC, POM and modified spectrophotometer techniques as a new method. Nematic and smectic A phases during cooling process were observed. Refractive indices, birefringence, order parameter were measured. The molecular polarizability was determined also with different temperatures for the LC phases of compound III.
二氟取代的4-(2)-(或3)氟苯基偶氮(-2 ' -(或3 ' -)氟苯基-4-十二烷基苯甲酸酯热致液晶(III)的光学性能受到两个氟原子特殊的新位置和取向的影响。将化合物III溶解于不同浓度的二氯甲烷中,在室温下测定其紫外可见区的吸光度和透过率。该化合物的最大吸光度在蓝色区域(447nm),摩尔吸收系数为0.93 (L. mMol.cm)。采用DSC法、POM法和改进分光光度计法测定了热致性LC化合物III的相变温度。在冷却过程中观察到向列相和近晶A相。测量了折射率、双折射率和序参量。测定了化合物III的LC相在不同温度下的分子极化率。
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引用次数: 0
Optical Properties of TeO2 SrO B2O3 V2O5 Glass System TeO2 SrO B2O3 V2O5玻璃体系的光学性质
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21608/ejs.2018.148250
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Egyptian Journal of Solids
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