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Development Trend of High Efficiency & Low Emissions Thermal Power Plants 高效低排放火力发电厂的发展趋势
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.193
Seok-Hyeon Yu, Seung-Gyu Gang, Jin-Ik Seok, Jeong-Seok Yu, Yong-Jun Choe, Yeong-Geon Go, Hyeong-Jin Kim
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引用次数: 0
Review of CO 2 Storage Projects and Driving Strategy of CO 2 Storage Program in Korea 韩国二氧化碳封存项目综述及二氧化碳封存项目的驱动策略
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.167
Lee-Gyun Gwon
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引用次数: 3
Introducing the Latest 3GPP Specifications and their Potential for Future AMI Applications 介绍最新的3GPP规范及其未来AMI应用的潜力
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.245
K. Koumadi, Byong-seok Park, Nogil Myoung
Despite the exponential throughput improvement in mobile communications systems, their ability to satisfy requirements of stateof-the-art and future applications of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is still under investigation. Challenges are mainly due to the inadequacy of third generation partnership project (3GPP) networks to support large amounts of devices simultaneously, while the number of AMI end-devices and the frequency of their data transmission increase with new AMI-based applications. In this introductory survey, innovative and future AMI applications and their communication requirements are first reviewed. Then, we identify challenges of 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) in enabling future AMI applications. More importantly, the latest improvements to LTE-A standard release 12 and 13 are reviewed and analyzed with regards to their potential to improve the quality of LTE-enabled AMI. It is found that 3GPP enhancements on machine type communications (MTC) standards will significantly enhance AMI communications. Beyond MTC specifications, non-MTC-specific enhancements such as carrier aggregation and multi-connectivity for user equipment will also contribute greatly to improving reliability and availability of AMI devices. The paper’s focus is towards improved backhaul support for innovative and future AMI applications, beyond traditional automatic meter reading.
尽管移动通信系统的吞吐量呈指数级提高,但它们满足先进计量基础设施(AMI)的最先进和未来应用需求的能力仍在调查中。挑战主要是由于第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)网络无法同时支持大量设备,而AMI终端设备的数量及其数据传输频率随着新的基于AMI的应用而增加。在这个介绍性的调查中,创新和未来的AMI应用及其通信需求首先进行了审查。然后,我们确定了3GPP长期演进(LTE)在实现未来AMI应用方面的挑战。更重要的是,对LTE-A标准版本12和13的最新改进进行了回顾和分析,以了解它们提高支持lte的AMI质量的潜力。发现3GPP对机器类型通信(MTC)标准的增强将显著增强AMI通信。除了MTC规范之外,用户设备的载波聚合和多连接等非MTC特定增强功能也将大大有助于提高AMI设备的可靠性和可用性。该论文的重点是改进对创新和未来AMI应用的回程支持,超越传统的自动抄表。
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引用次数: 4
Effect Analysis for Frequency Recovery of 524 MW Energy Storage System for Frequency Regulation by Simulator 524mw储能系统调频模拟器调频效果分析
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.227
Geon-Pyo Lim, Yohan Choi, Chan-Wook Park, Soo-yeol Kim, B. Chang, R. Labios
To test the effectiveness of using an energy storage system for frequency regulation, the Energy New Business Laboratory at KEPCO Research Institute installed a 4 MW energy storage system (ESS) demonstration facility at the Jocheon Substation on Jeju Island. And after the successful completion of demonstration operations, a total of 52 MW ESS for frequency regulation was installed in Seo-Anseong (28 MW, governor-free control) and in Shin-Yongin (24 MW, automatic generation control). The control system used in these two sites was based on the control system developed for the 4 MW ESS demonstration facility. KEPCO recently finished the construction of 184 MW ESS for frequency regulation in 8 locations, (e.g. Shin-Gimjae substation, Shin-Gaeryong substation, etc.) and they are currently being tested for automatic operation. KEPCO plans to construct additional ESS facilities (up to a total of about 500 MW for frequency regulation by 2017), thus, various operational tests would first have to be conducted. The high-speed characteristic of ESS can negatively impact the power system in case the 500 MW ESS is not properly operated. At this stage we need to verify how effectively the 500 MW ESS can regulate frequency. In this paper, the effect of using ESS for frequency regulation on the power system of Korea was studied. Simulations were conducted to determine the effect of using a 524 MW ESS for frequency regulation. Models of the power grid and the ESS were developed to verify the performance of the operation system and its control system. When a high capacity power plant is tripped, a 24 MW ESS supplies power automatically and 4 units of 125MW ESS supply power manually. This study only focuses on transient state analysis. It was verified that 500 MW ESS can regulate system frequency faster and more effectively than conventional power plants. Also, it was verified that time-delayed high speed operations of multiple ESS facilities do not negatively impact power system operations. It is recommended that further testing be conducted for a fleet of multiple ESSs with different capacities distributed over multiple substations (e.g. 16, 24, 28, and 48 MW ESS distributed across 20 substations) because each ESS measures frequency individually. The operation of one ESS facility will differ from the other ESSs within the fleet, and may negatively impact the performance of the others. The following are also recommended: (a) studies wherein all ESSs should be operated in automatic mode; (b) studies on the improvement of individual ESS control; and (c) studies on the reapportionment of all ESS energies within the fleet.
韩电研究院能源新事业实验室为了验证将储能系统用于频率调节的有效性,在济州岛朝川变电站设置了4mw储能系统(ESS)示范设施。示范运行成功后,在西安城(28兆瓦,无调速器控制)和新龙仁(24兆瓦,自动发电控制)安装了52兆瓦的频率调节ESS。这两个站点使用的控制系统是基于为4mw ESS示范设施开发的控制系统。最近,韩电在新金才变电站、新开龙变电站等8个地点完成了184兆瓦的频率调节ESS建设,目前正在进行自动运行测试。韩电计划,到2017年为止追加建设ESS设施(频率调整最多500mw),因此必须先进行各种运行试验。如果500mw ESS运行不正常,其高速特性会对电力系统产生负面影响。在这个阶段,我们需要验证500mw ESS如何有效地调节频率。本文研究了利用ESS对韩国电力系统进行频率调节的效果。进行了仿真,以确定使用524 MW ESS进行频率调节的效果。建立了电网和ESS模型,验证了运行系统及其控制系统的性能。当大容量电厂跳闸时,一台24mw ESS自动供电,4台125MW ESS手动供电。本研究只关注暂态分析。经验证,500mw ESS能比传统电厂更快、更有效地调节系统频率。此外,还验证了多个ESS设施的延时高速运行不会对电力系统运行产生负面影响。建议对分布在多个变电站上的不同容量的多个ESS进行进一步的测试(例如分布在20个变电站上的16、24、28和48 MW ESS),因为每个ESS单独测量频率。一个ESS设施的运作将不同于船队内的其他ESS设施,并可能对其他ESS设施的表现产生负面影响。以下建议还包括:(a)所有ess应在自动模式下操作的研究;(b)改善个别ESS控制的研究;以及(c)研究船队内所有ESS能源的重新分配。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Thermodynamic Cycle and Cryogenic Turbo Expander for 2 kW Class Brayton Refrigerator 2kw级布雷顿制冷机热力循环及低温涡轮膨胀器设计
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.299
Jin-Woo Lee, C. Lee, Hyeongseok Yang, Seokho Kim
The High Temperature Superconducting power cables (HTS power cables) become increasingly longer to commercialize the HTS power cable system. Accordingly, demands on refrigerators of large cooling capacity per a unit system have been increased. In Korea, it is currently imported from abroad with the high price due to insufficient domestic technologies. In order to commercialize the HTS power cables, it is necessary to develop the refrigerators with large cooling capacity. The Brayton refrigerators are composed of recu-perative heat exchangers, compressors and cryogenic turbo expanders. The most directly considering the efficiency of the Brayton refrigerator, it depends on performance of the cryogenic turbo expander. Rotating at high speed in cryogenic temperature, the cryogenic turbo expanders lower temperature by expanding high pressure of a helium or neon gas. In this paper, the reverse Brayton cycle is
高温超导电力电缆(High Temperature Superconducting power cable,简称HTS电力电缆)的长度越来越长,以实现高温超导电力电缆系统的商业化。因此,对每单位系统制冷量大的冰箱的需求增加了。目前,由于国内技术不足,只能从国外进口,价格也很高。为了实现高温超导电缆的商业化,有必要开发大制冷量的电冰箱。布雷顿制冷机由回收式热交换器、压缩机和低温涡轮膨胀器组成。低温涡轮膨胀器的性能是影响布雷顿制冷机效率的最直接因素。低温涡轮膨胀器在低温下高速旋转,通过膨胀氦气或氖气的高压来降低温度。在本文中,逆布雷顿周期为
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引用次数: 1
Performance Comparison of Spray-dried Mn-based Oxygen Carriers Prepared with γ-Al 2 O 3 , α-Al 2 O 3 , and MgAl 2 O 4 as Raw Support Materials 以γ- al2o3、α- al2o3和mgal2o3为原料制备的喷雾干燥mn基氧载体的性能比较
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.285
J. Baek, Ui-Sik Kim, H. Jo, T. Eom, Joong-Beom Lee, H. Ryu
In chemical-looping combustion, pure oxygen is transferred to fuel by solid particles called as oxygen carrier. Chemical-looping combustion process usually utilizes a circulating fluidized-bed process for fuel combustion and regeneration of the reduced oxygen carrier. The performance of an oxygen carrier varies with the active metal oxide and the raw support materials used. In this work, spray-dried Mn-based oxygen carriers were prepared with different raw support materials and their physical properties and oxygen transfer performance were investigated to determine that the raw support materials used are suitable for spray-dried manganese oxide oxygen carrier. Oxygen carriers composed of 70 wt% Mn 3 O 4 and 30 wt% support were produced using spray dryer. Two different types of Al 2 O 3 ,  -Al 2 O 3 and  -Al 2 O 3 , and MgAl 2 O 4 were applied as starting raw support materials. The oxygen carrier prepared from  -Al 2 O 3 showed high mechanical strength stronger than commercial fluidization catalytic cracking catalyst at calcination temperatures below 1100  C, while the ones prepared from  -Al 2 O 3 and MgAl 2 O 4 required higher calcination temperatures. Oxygen transfer capacity of the oxygen carrier prepared from  -Al 2 O 3 was less than 3 wt%. In comparison, oxygen carriers prepared from  -Al 2 O 3 and MgAl 2 O 4 showed higher oxygen transfer capacity, around 3.4 and 4.4 wt%, respectively. Among the prepared Mn-based oxygen carriers, the one made from MgAl 2 O 4 showed superior oxygen transfer performance in the chemical-looping combustion of CH 4 , H 2 , and CO. However, it required a high calcination temperature of 1400 °C to obtain strong mechnical strength. Therefore, further study to develop new support compositions is required to lower the calcination temperature without decline in the oxygen transfer performance.
在化学循环燃烧中,纯氧通过称为氧载体的固体颗粒转移到燃料中。化学环燃烧过程通常采用循环流化床过程进行燃料燃烧和还原氧载体的再生。氧载体的性能随活性金属氧化物和所使用的原始支撑材料而变化。本文采用不同的原料载体制备了喷雾干燥的锰基氧载体,并对其物理性能和氧传递性能进行了研究,确定了所采用的原料载体适合于喷雾干燥的氧化锰氧载体。用喷雾干燥机制备了由70%的二氧化锰和30%的载体组成的氧载体。采用- al2o3和- al2o3两种不同类型的al2o3和mgal2o3作为起始原料支撑材料。在1100℃以下的煅烧温度下,-Al 2o3制备的氧载体机械强度高于工业流化催化裂化催化剂,而-Al 2o3和MgAl 2o3制备的氧载体需要更高的煅烧温度。由- al2o3制备的氧载体的氧传递能力小于3 wt%。相比之下,-Al 2o3和MgAl 2o3制备的氧载体表现出更高的氧传递能力,分别约为3.4 wt%和4.4 wt%。在所制备的锰基氧载体中,mgal2o4制备的锰基氧载体在ch4、h2和CO的化学环燃烧中表现出优异的氧传递性能,但需要1400℃的高煅烧温度才能获得较强的机械强度。因此,需要进一步研究开发新的支撑成分,以降低煅烧温度而不降低氧传递性能。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Voltage Control of Stand-Alone Microgrid for High Quality Power Supply 单机微电网高质量供电电压控制分析
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.253
Jongmin Jo, Hakju Lee, C. Shin, H. Cha
This paper analyzes voltage control method in order to supply high-quality power for stand-alone microgrid. Stand-alone microgrid is composed of battery bank, stand-alone PCS and controllable loads. The main role of stand-alone PCS is to supply high-quality power to loads as main source by using stable voltage method regardless of load conditions. In particularly, output voltage of stand-alone PCS gets severely unbalanced voltage under unbalanced loads. Fundamental positive and negative sequences are transformed by two coordinates transformation which are rotated in each opposite direction, respectively. Each fundamental d-q voltage is regulated by each fundamental PI control. In addition, low-order harmonics are compensated through resonant controllers. Performance of stand-alone microgrid is tested for feasibility, and it is verified that output voltage of THD is improved to 1% from 2.2% under 50 kW balanced load, and is improved to 1.1% from 2.6% under 50 kW unbalanced load.
分析了为单机微电网提供高质量电力的电压控制方法。单机微电网由蓄电池组、单机PCS和可控负载组成。单机PCS的主要作用是在不考虑负载情况的情况下,通过稳压方式向负载提供高质量的主电源。特别是单机PCS的输出电压在不平衡负载下出现严重的不平衡电压。基本的正、负序列分别通过两个坐标变换进行变换,这两个坐标变换分别在相反方向上旋转。每个基波d-q电压由每个基波PI控制器调节。此外,通过谐振控制器对低次谐波进行补偿。对单机微电网的性能进行了可行性测试,验证了在50kw平衡负载下,THD输出电压由2.2%提高到1%,在50kw不平衡负载下,THD输出电压由2.6%提高到1.1%。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction and Current Status of Ultra Supercritical Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler 超超临界循环流化床锅炉的介绍及现状
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.211
Si-Hun Lee, Jong-Min Lee
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引用次数: 4
이산화탄소 포집기술 국외 기술개발 동향 二氧化碳捕获技术国外技术开发动向
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.143
백점인
COP21에서 채택된 파리협정에서 명시한 지구 대기온도 $2^{circ}C$ 이하 상승억제 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 현재 각 당사국이 제출한 감축 목표치로만은 부족한 상황이다. 이에 따라 향후 감축목표를 상향하기 위한 작업이 이루어질 것이다. $CO_2$ 배출량을 줄이기 위한 여러 수단 중 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(CCS: ...
为了实现COP21通过的《巴黎协定》中明示的地球大气温度控制在$2^{circ}C$以下的上升目标,目前仅靠各当事国提出的减排目标值是不够的。因此,今后将进行提高减排目标的工作。$ co_2减少二氧化碳排放量的多种手段中收集和储存二氧化碳(CCS:…
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Degradation Characteristics of Thermal Barrier Coating on Gas Turbine Blades 燃气轮机叶片热障涂层降解特性评价
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.18770/KEPCO.2016.02.02.273
Yongchan Jung, Min-Tae Kim, Ju-Hak Lee, Jamin Ahn, Kihong Kim
In order to evaluate the lifespan of high-temperature parts with thermal barrier coating in gas turbines used for power generation, this study was performed on an 80 MW-class gas turbine exceeding 24 k equivalent operating hours. Degradation characteristics were evaluated by analyzing the YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia) top coat, which serves as the thermal barrier coating layer, the NiCrAlY bond coat, and interface layers. Microstructural analysis of the top, middle, and bottom sections showed that Thermal Growth Oxide (TGO) growth, Cr precipitate growth within the bond coat layer, and formation of diffusion layer occur actively in high-temperature sections. These microstructural changes were consistent with damaged areas of the thermal barrier coating layer observed at the surface of the used blade. The distribution of Cr precipitates within the bond coat layer, in addition to the thickness of TGO, is regarded as a key indicator in the evaluation of degradation characteristics.
为了评估发电用燃气轮机高温热障涂层部件的寿命,本研究在一台超过24 k等效工作小时的80 mw级燃气轮机上进行。通过分析YSZ(钇稳定氧化锆)面漆(作为热障涂层)、NiCrAlY结合涂层和界面层来评估降解特性。对顶部、中部和底部切片的显微组织分析表明,高温切片中热生长氧化物(TGO)生长、结合层内Cr析出物生长和扩散层形成活跃。这些显微组织变化与在使用叶片表面观察到的热障涂层损伤区域一致。除了TGO的厚度外,结合层内Cr析出物的分布也是评价降解特性的关键指标。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
KEPCO Journal on electric power and energy
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