Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.1080/19361610.2021.2018923
Katalin Pethő-Kiss
Abstract As drone technology advances, the potential for illicit criminal exploitation of these unmanned capabilities has been escalating. There has been an ever-growing concern about the peril posed by a drone attack delivering a biological payload into a vulnerable terrorist target. To achieve a more realistic understanding of this threat and to enhance existing national security arrangements to this scenario, this paper attempts to provide a novel approach for counter policies and procedures for the prevention, preparedness and response. With this in mind, criminal activities attempting to conduct a bioattack by means of an UAV are insightfully scrutinized. To do this, the phases of perpetration provide the basis for this discussion. In each phase of commission, the potential threat indicators of malevolent non-state actor activities are identified and accordingly, the most effective countermeasures designed.
{"title":"Addressing the Threat of a bioterrorist Attack by Means of an Unmanned Drone","authors":"Katalin Pethő-Kiss","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.2018923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.2018923","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As drone technology advances, the potential for illicit criminal exploitation of these unmanned capabilities has been escalating. There has been an ever-growing concern about the peril posed by a drone attack delivering a biological payload into a vulnerable terrorist target. To achieve a more realistic understanding of this threat and to enhance existing national security arrangements to this scenario, this paper attempts to provide a novel approach for counter policies and procedures for the prevention, preparedness and response. With this in mind, criminal activities attempting to conduct a bioattack by means of an UAV are insightfully scrutinized. To do this, the phases of perpetration provide the basis for this discussion. In each phase of commission, the potential threat indicators of malevolent non-state actor activities are identified and accordingly, the most effective countermeasures designed.","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45281648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.1080/19361610.2021.2006031
B. Saini, Dinesh Saini, S. Srivastava, Mayank Aggarwal
Abstract Crime prediction is an effort to cut down the crime rate and criminal activities in the society. This paper concentrates on monitoring the crime trends in India using data from 2001 to 2019. The work analyzes the crime condition in India by following a top-to bottom approach and implementing visualization and machine learning algorithms. Heat map visualization of India is done to focus on specific crime types for all states. Furthermore, various demography of human population like age-groups, sex, caste, etc., are considered to have a larger perspective of the issue. The model also suggest proactive measures based on these findings.
{"title":"A Study of Lightweight Approaches to Analyze Crime Conditions in India","authors":"B. Saini, Dinesh Saini, S. Srivastava, Mayank Aggarwal","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.2006031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.2006031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crime prediction is an effort to cut down the crime rate and criminal activities in the society. This paper concentrates on monitoring the crime trends in India using data from 2001 to 2019. The work analyzes the crime condition in India by following a top-to bottom approach and implementing visualization and machine learning algorithms. Heat map visualization of India is done to focus on specific crime types for all states. Furthermore, various demography of human population like age-groups, sex, caste, etc., are considered to have a larger perspective of the issue. The model also suggest proactive measures based on these findings.","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43338399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1080/19361610.2021.2006032
Hassan Kilavo, Salehe I. Mrutu, Robert G. Dudu
Abstract This study evaluates mechanisms to secure relational databases against security vulnerabilities and utilized PostgreSQL and Microsoft SQL Server due to data breach incidences reported across the world. Emulation experiments with documentary review were employed to collect necessary study data. Identification of security features and vulnerabilities that are found to affect the data tier of the web applications were examined. The findings from the study have shown that Microsoft SQL Server is more security feature-rich in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability compared to PostgreSQL and Microsoft SQL Server is more resilient to security attacks in its default behavior compared to PostgreSQL.
{"title":"Securing Relational Databases against Security Vulnerabilities: A Case of Microsoft SQL Server and PostgreSQL","authors":"Hassan Kilavo, Salehe I. Mrutu, Robert G. Dudu","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.2006032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.2006032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluates mechanisms to secure relational databases against security vulnerabilities and utilized PostgreSQL and Microsoft SQL Server due to data breach incidences reported across the world. Emulation experiments with documentary review were employed to collect necessary study data. Identification of security features and vulnerabilities that are found to affect the data tier of the web applications were examined. The findings from the study have shown that Microsoft SQL Server is more security feature-rich in terms of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability compared to PostgreSQL and Microsoft SQL Server is more resilient to security attacks in its default behavior compared to PostgreSQL.","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45828478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1080/19361610.2021.2006033
Roman Pačka, M. Mareš
Abstract The article examines one narrowly focused aspect of the government interagency cooperation on cyber defense that serves as a basis to achieve a cyber power. It reviews the civil-military interagency cooperation and aims to identify factors that could jeopardize it. First, it provides a theoretical background for the research and then according to interviews and surveys, the factors with the highest negative impact are recognized. Based on this research, the most significant challenges in bridging the gap between civilian and military worlds seems to be power and budget struggles and a lack of political direction on cyber matters from leaders.
{"title":"Achieving Cyber Power Through Integrated Government Capability: Factors Jeopardizing Civil-Military Cooperation on Cyber Defense","authors":"Roman Pačka, M. Mareš","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.2006033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.2006033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article examines one narrowly focused aspect of the government interagency cooperation on cyber defense that serves as a basis to achieve a cyber power. It reviews the civil-military interagency cooperation and aims to identify factors that could jeopardize it. First, it provides a theoretical background for the research and then according to interviews and surveys, the factors with the highest negative impact are recognized. Based on this research, the most significant challenges in bridging the gap between civilian and military worlds seems to be power and budget struggles and a lack of political direction on cyber matters from leaders.","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46099547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1080/19361610.2021.2006034
R. Zhamiyeva, L. Arenova, A. Serikbayev, B. Zhakupov, G. Balgimbekova
Abstract The global situation with cybercrime is worsening. The study aims to investigate the concept of lawful behavior in the context of challenges facing the IT sector and from the perspective of previous and modern theoretical and legal views concerning the formation of lawful behavior. The paper outlines factors that shape the lawful behavior of digital natives. The results of the literature review suggest that a digital shift of legal relations objectively reduces the role of the socio-hierarchical factor in the formation of lawful behavior. This research is of practical interest to specialists in legal and sociological fields.
{"title":"The Concept of Lawful Behavior in the Digital Age","authors":"R. Zhamiyeva, L. Arenova, A. Serikbayev, B. Zhakupov, G. Balgimbekova","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.2006034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.2006034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The global situation with cybercrime is worsening. The study aims to investigate the concept of lawful behavior in the context of challenges facing the IT sector and from the perspective of previous and modern theoretical and legal views concerning the formation of lawful behavior. The paper outlines factors that shape the lawful behavior of digital natives. The results of the literature review suggest that a digital shift of legal relations objectively reduces the role of the socio-hierarchical factor in the formation of lawful behavior. This research is of practical interest to specialists in legal and sociological fields.","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44540818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-25DOI: 10.1080/19361610.2021.2005503
Omi Hodwitz, Seth L. King
Abstract This article examines the effects of counterterrorism policy in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom between 1997 and 2016. We use time series analysis and series hazard models to examine the influence of policy on (a) incidents of terrorist violence and (b) citizen perceptions of the threat of terrorism. Results indicate that counterterrorism policy is, for the most part, not related to significant changes in Canada but does report significant results for public opinion and terrorist incidents in the United States and the United Kingdom, although these effects are temporally defined.
{"title":"Modeling Public Policy: Influences on Terrorism and Public Opinion","authors":"Omi Hodwitz, Seth L. King","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.2005503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.2005503","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the effects of counterterrorism policy in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom between 1997 and 2016. We use time series analysis and series hazard models to examine the influence of policy on (a) incidents of terrorist violence and (b) citizen perceptions of the threat of terrorism. Results indicate that counterterrorism policy is, for the most part, not related to significant changes in Canada but does report significant results for public opinion and terrorist incidents in the United States and the United Kingdom, although these effects are temporally defined.","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47102047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Improvement of efficient packet access in a wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc network (MANET) is vital for achieving high speed data rate. The degradation occurs due to identification of malicious node and hence, reducing the severity will be a complex problem due to similar characteristics with trusty nodes in sensing area. In this work, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier based defected node identification system is developed. The conviction parameters to be extract of the reliable and malevolent nodes and these parameters are qualified by ANFIS classifier. Further, the individual nodes in MANET are classified in testing mode of classifier. The network performance will be degraded with the increased number of malicious nodes. Certain conditions like packet delivery ratio, throughput, detection rate, energy consumption, and precision value and link failures occur due to malicious node in the network. The anticipated malicious node detection structure be compare by means of the conservative techniques such as Optimized energy efficient routing protocol (OEERP), Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), Data routing in network aggregation (DRINA)and Base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol (BCDCP). The proposed ANFIS classifier is designed in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) and it can be interfaced with NS2 using “c” programming.
{"title":"Cluster Based Malicious Node Detection System for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Using ANFIS Classifier","authors":"Gopalakrishnan Subburayalu, Hemanand Duraivelu, Arunprasath Raveendran, Rajesh Arunachalam, Deepika Kongara, C. Thangavel","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.2002118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.2002118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Improvement of efficient packet access in a wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc network (MANET) is vital for achieving high speed data rate. The degradation occurs due to identification of malicious node and hence, reducing the severity will be a complex problem due to similar characteristics with trusty nodes in sensing area. In this work, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier based defected node identification system is developed. The conviction parameters to be extract of the reliable and malevolent nodes and these parameters are qualified by ANFIS classifier. Further, the individual nodes in MANET are classified in testing mode of classifier. The network performance will be degraded with the increased number of malicious nodes. Certain conditions like packet delivery ratio, throughput, detection rate, energy consumption, and precision value and link failures occur due to malicious node in the network. The anticipated malicious node detection structure be compare by means of the conservative techniques such as Optimized energy efficient routing protocol (OEERP), Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), Data routing in network aggregation (DRINA)and Base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol (BCDCP). The proposed ANFIS classifier is designed in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) and it can be interfaced with NS2 using “c” programming.","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46484280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.1080/19361610.2021.1969865
H. Cooper
{"title":"One Vote Away: How a Single Supreme Court Seat Can Change History","authors":"H. Cooper","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.1969865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.1969865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48525894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-14DOI: 10.1080/19361610.2021.2002119
Kevin F. Steinmetz
Abstract Penetration testing is an increasingly common strategy adopted by organizations to mitigate security risks including those posed by social engineering—the deception of individuals for the purposes of circumventing information security measures. Drawing from 54 interviews with security auditors, IT professionals, and social engineers, this study explores participant descriptions of the (1) importance of social engineering penetration tests, (2) measurement of assessment outcomes, (3) use of penetration tests as part of security awareness programs, and (4) attitude social engineers should adopt in working with client organizations and their employees. Implications for security research and penetration testing are considered.
{"title":"Executing Effective Social Engineering Penetration Tests: A Qualitative Analysis","authors":"Kevin F. Steinmetz","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.2002119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.2002119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Penetration testing is an increasingly common strategy adopted by organizations to mitigate security risks including those posed by social engineering—the deception of individuals for the purposes of circumventing information security measures. Drawing from 54 interviews with security auditors, IT professionals, and social engineers, this study explores participant descriptions of the (1) importance of social engineering penetration tests, (2) measurement of assessment outcomes, (3) use of penetration tests as part of security awareness programs, and (4) attitude social engineers should adopt in working with client organizations and their employees. Implications for security research and penetration testing are considered.","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48649278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1080/19361610.2021.1989271
Salifu Yusif, Abdul Hafeez-Baig
Abstract HEIs Higher education institutions (HEIs) are open in their nature, decentralized, rich in population and private data, home to some ground-breaking research and innovations. They attract quite a substantial threat and cyberattacks due to their heavy reliance on the Internet. However, there is poor cybersecurity culture and low awareness that are motivated by generational differences that are characterized by “digital natives” and “digital residents” and gaps in technology savviness impacting cybersecurity compliance in specific higher education environments. The understanding of cybersecurity and organizational culture, compliance theory and protected motivated theory (PMT) respectively is key to achieving cybersecurity compliance.
{"title":"Cybersecurity Policy Compliance in Higher Education: A Theoretical Framework","authors":"Salifu Yusif, Abdul Hafeez-Baig","doi":"10.1080/19361610.2021.1989271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.1989271","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract HEIs Higher education institutions (HEIs) are open in their nature, decentralized, rich in population and private data, home to some ground-breaking research and innovations. They attract quite a substantial threat and cyberattacks due to their heavy reliance on the Internet. However, there is poor cybersecurity culture and low awareness that are motivated by generational differences that are characterized by “digital natives” and “digital residents” and gaps in technology savviness impacting cybersecurity compliance in specific higher education environments. The understanding of cybersecurity and organizational culture, compliance theory and protected motivated theory (PMT) respectively is key to achieving cybersecurity compliance.","PeriodicalId":44585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Security Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44155242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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