Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1177/1037969x241253111
Russell Goldflam
{"title":"We still do things differently up here","authors":"Russell Goldflam","doi":"10.1177/1037969x241253111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x241253111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44595,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Law Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1177/1037969x241248781
Ray Nickson, Alice Neikirk
Current responses to medical negligence insufficiently consider the broader needs of affected stakeholders. We argue that responses to medical negligence should adopt a restorative justice frame. This article recounts the experience of our daughter’s avoidable suffering and subsequent death in the healthcare system. Our experience as victims of medical negligence, and the broader literature on restorative justice, responsive regulation and health care, suggest that non-adversarial alternatives will better address the needs of victims and encourage a restoration in healthcare relationships.
{"title":"Restorative justice in healthcare settings: Better outcomes for patients and medical professionals","authors":"Ray Nickson, Alice Neikirk","doi":"10.1177/1037969x241248781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x241248781","url":null,"abstract":"Current responses to medical negligence insufficiently consider the broader needs of affected stakeholders. We argue that responses to medical negligence should adopt a restorative justice frame. This article recounts the experience of our daughter’s avoidable suffering and subsequent death in the healthcare system. Our experience as victims of medical negligence, and the broader literature on restorative justice, responsive regulation and health care, suggest that non-adversarial alternatives will better address the needs of victims and encourage a restoration in healthcare relationships.","PeriodicalId":44595,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Law Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.1177/1037969x241237015
Bill Swannie
This article examines the High Court decision in BA v The King, which involved the relationship between tenancy law and the criminal offence of burglary. It argues that the Court should have given greater weight to the safety of victims of domestic violence, rather than privileging the rights of the accused under tenancy law.
本文探讨了高等法院在 BA v The King 一案中的判决，该案涉及租赁法与入室盗窃刑事犯罪之间的关系。文章认为，法院本应更加重视家庭暴力受害者的安全，而不是优先考虑被告在租赁法下的权利。
{"title":"Examining BA v The King: Can a ‘home’ provide security from domestic violence?","authors":"Bill Swannie","doi":"10.1177/1037969x241237015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x241237015","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the High Court decision in BA v The King, which involved the relationship between tenancy law and the criminal offence of burglary. It argues that the Court should have given greater weight to the safety of victims of domestic violence, rather than privileging the rights of the accused under tenancy law.","PeriodicalId":44595,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Law Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1177/1037969x241245120
Aidan Ricciardo, Liam Elphick
In this article, we consider the ethical obligations that LGBTQIA+ researchers have in researching LGBTQIA+ rights. First, we consider the potential impact of identity and positionality. Although people of all LGBTQIA+ identities share common experiences of marginalisation and persecution, there is much diversity among LGBTQIA+ people and their many intersections. We then propose that LGBTQIA+ researchers should act as ‘internal allies’ when undertaking work related to LGBTQIA+ communities. The familiar concept of allyship imposes obligations which are dynamic, appropriate for the research context and align with community expectations. These obligations include self-education, consultation and platforming marginalised voices.
{"title":"Under my umbrella: LGBTQIA+ rights, LGBTQIA+ researchers and ‘internal allyship’","authors":"Aidan Ricciardo, Liam Elphick","doi":"10.1177/1037969x241245120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x241245120","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider the ethical obligations that LGBTQIA+ researchers have in researching LGBTQIA+ rights. First, we consider the potential impact of identity and positionality. Although people of all LGBTQIA+ identities share common experiences of marginalisation and persecution, there is much diversity among LGBTQIA+ people and their many intersections. We then propose that LGBTQIA+ researchers should act as ‘internal allies’ when undertaking work related to LGBTQIA+ communities. The familiar concept of allyship imposes obligations which are dynamic, appropriate for the research context and align with community expectations. These obligations include self-education, consultation and platforming marginalised voices.","PeriodicalId":44595,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Law Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1177/1037969x241235775
{"title":"A banquet at twilight","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1037969x241235775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x241235775","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44595,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Law Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1177/1037969x241231383
Keon-Cohen AM KC Bryan
{"title":"Fifty years on …","authors":"Keon-Cohen AM KC Bryan","doi":"10.1177/1037969x241231383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x241231383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44595,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Law Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542158
Linh N Tran, Connie K Sun, Travis J Struck, Mathews Sajan, Ryan N Gutenkunst
Inferring past demographic history of natural populations from genomic data is of central concern in many studies across research fields. Previously, our group had developed dadi, a widely used demographic history inference method based on the allele frequency spectrum (AFS) and maximum composite likelihood optimization. However, dadi's optimization procedure can be computationally expensive. Here, we developed donni (demography optimization via neural network inference), a new inference method based on dadi that is more efficient while maintaining comparable inference accuracy. For each dadi-supported demographic model, donni simulates the expected AFS for a range of model parameters then trains a set of Mean Variance Estimation neural networks using the simulated AFS. Trained networks can then be used to instantaneously infer the model parameters from future input data AFS. We demonstrated that for many demographic models, donni can infer some parameters, such as population size changes, very well and other parameters, such as migration rates and times of demographic events, fairly well. Importantly, donni provides both parameter and confidence interval estimates from input AFS with accuracy comparable to parameters inferred by dadi's likelihood optimization while bypassing its long and computationally intensive evaluation process. donni's performance demonstrates that supervised machine learning algorithms may be a promising avenue for developing more sustainable and computationally efficient demographic history inference methods.
从基因组数据推断自然种群过去的人口历史是许多研究领域的核心问题。在此之前，我们的研究小组已经开发出了一种基于等位基因频率谱（AFS）和最大复合似然法优化的人口历史推断方法--dadi。然而，dadi 的优化过程计算成本很高。在此，我们开发了一种基于 dadi 的新推断方法 donni（通过神经网络推断进行人口学优化），它在保持可比推断精度的同时效率更高。对于每个由 dadi 支持的人口统计模型，donni 会模拟一系列模型参数的预期 AFS，然后使用模拟的 AFS 训练一组均方差估计神经网络。训练好的网络可用于从未来的输入数据 AFS 中即时推断模型参数。我们证明，对于许多人口统计模型，donni 可以很好地推断出一些参数，如种群数量变化，也可以很好地推断出其他参数，如迁移率和人口统计事件发生的时间。重要的是，donni 可以从输入 AFS 中提供参数和置信区间估计值，其准确性可与 dadi 的似然优化推断参数相媲美，同时还绕过了其冗长且计算密集的评估过程。donni 的表现表明，监督机器学习算法可能是开发更可持续、计算效率更高的人口历史推断方法的一个有前途的途径。
{"title":"Computationally efficient demographic history inference from allele frequencies with supervised machine learning.","authors":"Linh N Tran, Connie K Sun, Travis J Struck, Mathews Sajan, Ryan N Gutenkunst","doi":"10.1101/2023.05.24.542158","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.05.24.542158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inferring past demographic history of natural populations from genomic data is of central concern in many studies across research fields. Previously, our group had developed dadi, a widely used demographic history inference method based on the allele frequency spectrum (AFS) and maximum composite likelihood optimization. However, dadi's optimization procedure can be computationally expensive. Here, we developed donni (demography optimization via neural network inference), a new inference method based on dadi that is more efficient while maintaining comparable inference accuracy. For each dadi-supported demographic model, donni simulates the expected AFS for a range of model parameters then trains a set of Mean Variance Estimation neural networks using the simulated AFS. Trained networks can then be used to instantaneously infer the model parameters from future input data AFS. We demonstrated that for many demographic models, donni can infer some parameters, such as population size changes, very well and other parameters, such as migration rates and times of demographic events, fairly well. Importantly, donni provides both parameter and confidence interval estimates from input AFS with accuracy comparable to parameters inferred by dadi's likelihood optimization while bypassing its long and computationally intensive evaluation process. donni's performance demonstrates that supervised machine learning algorithms may be a promising avenue for developing more sustainable and computationally efficient demographic history inference methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":44595,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Law Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10888863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75367487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1177/1037969x231225692
Juliet Rogers
In 2015, Vaziri and Magennis – the first case on female genital mutilation (FGM) – was prosecuted in Australia. Three people were convicted. In 2018, the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal ruled that the judgment was a ‘potential miscarriage of justice’. The prosecution pushed for ‘leave to appeal’ to the High Court of Australia and for consideration of the meaning of mutilation. The appeal was held in 2019, and the NSWCCA judgment was overturned. In this article, I examine the absence of discussions of male circumcision and female genital cosmetic surgery in this case and ask not only what form of cut produces a legal definition of mutilation, but where this cut must be and on what form of body.
{"title":"Where is the mutilation? Understanding the High Court’s deliberation on FGM in Vaziri and Magennis","authors":"Juliet Rogers","doi":"10.1177/1037969x231225692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x231225692","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, Vaziri and Magennis – the first case on female genital mutilation (FGM) – was prosecuted in Australia. Three people were convicted. In 2018, the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal ruled that the judgment was a ‘potential miscarriage of justice’. The prosecution pushed for ‘leave to appeal’ to the High Court of Australia and for consideration of the meaning of mutilation. The appeal was held in 2019, and the NSWCCA judgment was overturned. In this article, I examine the absence of discussions of male circumcision and female genital cosmetic surgery in this case and ask not only what form of cut produces a legal definition of mutilation, but where this cut must be and on what form of body.","PeriodicalId":44595,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Law Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.1177/1037969x231224947
Liesel Spencer
Australia has no national food security strategy, and no overarching suite of law and policy to regulate the risks associated with food insecurity. We, as a nation, are long overdue for a comprehensive national response including law and policy to address critical regulatory deficits. This article considers possible explanations as to why food security as a fundamental responsibility of the State has been neglected in Australia and argues for a consistent regulatory response at all tiers of government and between government departments, informed by a national policy.
{"title":"Late to the table: Australian law and policy on food security","authors":"Liesel Spencer","doi":"10.1177/1037969x231224947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x231224947","url":null,"abstract":"Australia has no national food security strategy, and no overarching suite of law and policy to regulate the risks associated with food insecurity. We, as a nation, are long overdue for a comprehensive national response including law and policy to address critical regulatory deficits. This article considers possible explanations as to why food security as a fundamental responsibility of the State has been neglected in Australia and argues for a consistent regulatory response at all tiers of government and between government departments, informed by a national policy.","PeriodicalId":44595,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Law Journal","volume":"30 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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