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2020 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)最新文献

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Batch-wise Regularization of Deep Neural Networks for Interpretability 面向可解释性的深度神经网络批处理正则化
Nadia Burkart, Philipp M. Faller, Elisabeth Peinsipp, Marco F. Huber
Fast progress in the field of Machine Learning and Deep Learning strongly influences the research in many application domains like autonomous driving or health care. In this paper, we propose a batch-wise regularization technique to enhance the interpretability for deep neural networks (NN) by means of a global surrogate rule list. For this purpose, we introduce a novel regularization approach that yields a differentiable penalty term. Compared to other regularization approaches, our approach avoids repeated creating of surrogate models during training of the NN. The experiments show that the proposed approach has a high fidelity to the main model and also results in interpretable and more accurate models compared to some of the baselines.
机器学习和深度学习领域的快速发展对自动驾驶或医疗保健等许多应用领域的研究产生了强烈的影响。在本文中,我们提出了一种批量正则化技术,通过全局代理规则列表来增强深度神经网络(NN)的可解释性。为此,我们引入了一种新的正则化方法,该方法产生了一个可微的惩罚项。与其他正则化方法相比,我们的方法避免了在神经网络训练期间重复创建代理模型。实验表明,该方法对主模型具有较高的保真度,并且与一些基线相比,该方法的模型可解释且精度更高。
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引用次数: 2
An EKF Based Approach to Radar Inertial Odometry 基于EKF的雷达惯性里程测量方法
C. Doer, G. Trommer
Accurate localization is key for autonomous robotics. Navigation in GNSS-denied and degraded visual environment is still very challenging. Approaches based on visual sensors usually fail in conditions like darkness, direct sunlight, fog or smoke.Our approach is based on a millimeter wave FMCW radar sensor and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as both sensors can operate in these conditions. Specifically, we propose an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based solution to 3D Radar Inertial Odometry (RIO). A standard automotive FMCW radar which measures the 3D position and Doppler velocity of each detected target is used. Based on the radar measurements, a RANSAC 3D ego velocity estimation is carried out. Fusion with inertial data further improves the accuracy, robustness and provides a high rate motion estimate. An extension with barometric height fusion is presented.The radar based ego velocity estimation is tested in simulation and the accuracy evaluated with real world datasets in a motion capture system. Tests in indoor and outdoor environments with trajectories longer than 200m achieved a final position error below 0.6% of the distance traveled. The proposed odometry approach runs faster than realtime even on an embedded computer.
精确定位是自主机器人的关键。在gnss拒绝和退化的视觉环境中导航仍然是非常具有挑战性的。基于视觉传感器的方法通常在黑暗、阳光直射、雾或烟雾等条件下失败。我们的方法是基于毫米波FMCW雷达传感器和惯性测量单元(IMU),因为这两个传感器都可以在这些条件下工作。具体来说,我们提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的三维雷达惯性里程计(里约热内卢)解决方案。使用标准的汽车FMCW雷达测量每个被探测目标的三维位置和多普勒速度。在雷达测量的基础上,进行了RANSAC三维自我速度估计。与惯性数据的融合进一步提高了精度、鲁棒性,并提供了高速率的运动估计。提出了一种基于气压高度融合的扩展。在一个运动捕捉系统中,对基于雷达的自我速度估计进行了仿真测试,并用真实世界的数据集评估了其精度。在超过200米的室内和室外环境中进行的测试,最终定位误差低于行驶距离的0.6%。所提出的里程计方法即使在嵌入式计算机上也比实时运行更快。
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引用次数: 23
Robust Vehicle Tracking with Monocular Vision using Convolutional Neuronal Networks 基于卷积神经网络的单目视觉鲁棒车辆跟踪
Jakob Dichgans, Jan Kallwies, H. Wuensche
In this paper we present a robust tracking system that enables an autonomous vehicle to follow a specific convoy leader. Images from a single camera are used as input data, from which predefined keypoints on the lead vehicle are detected by a convolutional neural network. This approach was inspired by the idea of human pose estimation and is shown to be significantly more accurate compared to standard bounding box detection approaches like YOLO.The estimation of the dynamic state of the leading vehicle is realized by means of a moving horizon estimator. We show the practical capabilities and usefulness of the system in real-world experiments. The experiments show that the tracking system, although it only operates with images, is competitive with earlier approaches that also used other sensors such as LiDAR.
在本文中,我们提出了一种鲁棒跟踪系统,使自动驾驶车辆能够跟随特定的车队领队。来自单个摄像机的图像用作输入数据,卷积神经网络从这些数据中检测出领先车辆上的预定义关键点。这种方法的灵感来自于人体姿态估计的想法,与YOLO等标准边界盒检测方法相比,这种方法被证明要准确得多。利用运动水平估计器实现了对前导车辆动态状态的估计。我们在实际实验中展示了该系统的实际功能和实用性。实验表明,尽管该跟踪系统只对图像进行操作,但与使用激光雷达等其他传感器的早期方法相比,它具有竞争力。
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引用次数: 1
Array-based Emitter Localization Using a VTOL UAV Carried Sensor 基于阵列的垂直起降无人机雷达定位
Christian Steffes, Clemens Allmann, M. Oispuu
In this paper, the localization of a radio frequency emitter (RF) using bearing estimates is investigated. We study the position estimation using a single airborne observer platform moving along a preplanned trajectory. We present results from field trials using an emitter location system (ELS) installed on a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Raw array data batches have been gathered using a six-channel receiver and a fully polarized array antenna. A standard two-step localization approach based on angle of arrival (AOA) measurements and a Direct Position Determination (DPD) approach have been applied. In real-flight experiments, the performance of both methods has been investigated.
本文研究了基于方位估计的射频发射器定位问题。我们使用沿预定轨迹运动的单个机载观测器平台来研究位置估计。我们介绍了使用安装在垂直起降(VTOL)无人机(UAV)上的发射器定位系统(ELS)进行现场试验的结果。原始阵列数据批次已收集使用六通道接收器和全极化阵列天线。采用了基于到达角(AOA)测量的标准两步定位方法和直接定位(DPD)方法。在实际飞行实验中,对两种方法的性能进行了研究。
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引用次数: 1
Detecting Floods Caused by Tropical Cyclone Using CYGNSS Data 利用CYGNSS数据探测热带气旋引起的洪水
Pedram Ghasemigoudarzi, Weimin Huang, Oscar De Silva
As a tropical cyclone reaches inland, it causes severe flash floods. Real-time flood remote sensing can reduce the resultant damages of a flash flood due to its heavy precipitation. Considering the high temporal resolution and large constellation of the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), it has the potential to detect and monitor flash floods. In this study, based on CYGNSS data and the Random Under-Sampling Boosted (RUSBoost) machine learning algorithm, a flood detection method is proposed. The proposed technique is applied to the areas affected by Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma, for which test results indicate that the flooded points are detected with 89.00% and 85.00% accuracies, respectively, and non-flooded land points are classified with accuracies equal to 97.20% and 71.00%, respectively.
当热带气旋到达内陆时,会引发严重的山洪暴发。实时洪水遥感可以减少山洪因强降水而造成的损失。考虑到气旋全球导航卫星系统(CYGNSS)的高时间分辨率和大星座,它具有探测和监测山洪暴发的潜力。在本研究中,基于CYGNSS数据和随机欠采样增强(RUSBoost)机器学习算法,提出了一种洪水检测方法。将该方法应用于飓风“哈维”和飓风“厄玛”影响地区,测试结果表明,对被淹没点的检测准确率分别为89.00%和85.00%,对未被淹没的陆地点的分类准确率分别为97.20%和71.00%。
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引用次数: 1
Prototyping Autonomous Robotic Networks on Different Layers of RAMI 4.0 with Digital Twins 基于数字孪生的RAMI 4.0不同层自主机器人网络原型设计
Alexander Barbie, W. Hasselbring, Niklas Pech, S. Sommer, S. Flögel, F. Wenzhöfer
In this decade, the amount of (industrial) Internet of Things devices will increase tremendously. Today, there exist no common standards for interconnection, observation, or the monitoring of these devices. In context of the German "Industrie 4.0" strategy the Reference Architectural Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) was introduced to connect different aspects of this rapid development. The idea is to let different stakeholders of these products speak and understand the same terminology. In this paper, we present an approach using Digital Twins to prototype different layers along the axis of the RAMI 4.0, by the example of an autonomous ocean observation system developed in the project ARCHES.
在这十年中,(工业)物联网设备的数量将大幅增加。今天,对于这些设备的互连、观察或监控,还没有共同的标准。在德国“工业4.0”战略的背景下,引入了工业4.0参考架构模型(RAMI 4.0)来连接这一快速发展的不同方面。这个想法是让这些产品的不同利益相关者说并理解相同的术语。本文以arch项目开发的自主海洋观测系统为例,介绍了一种使用Digital Twins沿着RAMI 4.0的轴线对不同层进行原型设计的方法。
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引用次数: 6
Weighted Information Filtering, Smoothing, and Out-of-Sequence Measurement Processing 加权信息过滤,平滑,和乱序测量处理
Yaron Shulami, Daniel Sigalov
We consider the problem of state estimation in dynamical systems and propose a different mechanism for handling unmodeled system uncertainties. Instead of injecting random process noise, we assign different weights to measurements so that more recent measurements are assigned more weight. A specific choice of exponentially decaying weight function results in an algorithm with essentially the same recursive structure as the Kalman filter. It differs, however, in the manner in which old and new data are combined. While in the classical KF, the uncertainty associated with the previous estimate is inflated by adding the process noise covariance, in the present case, the uncertainty inflation is done by multiplying the previous covariance matrix by an exponential factor. This difference allows us to solve a larger variety of problems using essentially the same algorithm. We thus propose a unified and optimal, in the least-squares sense, method for filtering, prediction, smoothing and general out-of-sequence updates, all of which require different Kalman-like algorithms.
我们考虑了动态系统中的状态估计问题,并提出了一种不同的机制来处理未建模系统的不确定性。我们没有注入随机过程噪声,而是为测量值分配不同的权重,以便为最近的测量值分配更多的权重。指数衰减权函数的特定选择使算法具有与卡尔曼滤波器本质上相同的递归结构。然而,不同之处在于新旧数据结合的方式。而在经典KF中,与先前估计相关的不确定性通过添加过程噪声协方差而膨胀,在本例中,不确定性膨胀是通过将先前的协方差矩阵乘以指数因子来完成的。这种差异使我们能够使用本质上相同的算法来解决更多种类的问题。因此,我们在最小二乘意义上提出了一种统一和最优的滤波、预测、平滑和一般乱序更新方法,所有这些都需要不同的卡尔曼算法。
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引用次数: 0
Deterministic Gibbs Sampling for Data Association in Multi-Object Tracking 多目标跟踪中数据关联的确定性Gibbs抽样
Laura M. Wolf, M. Baum
In multi-object tracking, multiple objects generate multiple sensor measurements, which are used to estimate the objects’ state simultaneously. Since it is unknown from which object a measurement originates, a data association problem arises. Considering all possible associations is computationally infeasible for large numbers of objects and measurements. Hence, approximation methods are applied to compute the most relevant associations. Here, we focus on deterministic methods, since multi-object tracking is often applied in safety-critical areas. In this work we show that Herded Gibbs sampling, a deterministic version of Gibbs sampling, applied in the labeled multi-Bernoulli filter, yields results of the same quality as randomized Gibbs sampling while having comparable computational complexity. We conclude that it is a suitable deterministic alternative to randomized Gibbs sampling and could be a promising approach for other data association problems.
在多目标跟踪中,多个目标产生多个传感器测量值,用于同时估计目标的状态。由于不知道测量来自哪个对象,因此产生了数据关联问题。考虑所有可能的关联对于大量的物体和测量在计算上是不可行的。因此,近似方法被应用于计算最相关的关联。在这里,我们关注的是确定性方法,因为多目标跟踪通常应用于安全关键领域。在这项工作中,我们展示了Herded Gibbs抽样,Gibbs抽样的确定性版本,应用于标记的多伯努利滤波器,产生与随机Gibbs抽样相同质量的结果,同时具有相当的计算复杂性。我们的结论是,它是一个合适的确定性替代随机吉布斯抽样和可能是一个有前途的方法,为其他数据关联问题。
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引用次数: 6
Certifiably Optimal Monocular Hand-Eye Calibration 可认证的最佳单眼手眼校准
Emmett Wise, Matthew Giamou, Soroush Khoubyarian, Abhinav Grover, Jonathan Kelly
Correct fusion of data from two sensors requires an accurate estimate of their relative pose, which can be determined through the process of extrinsic calibration. When the sensors are capable of producing their own egomotion estimates (i.e., measurements of their trajectories through an environment), the ‘hand-eye’ formulation of extrinsic calibration can be employed. In this paper, we extend our recent work on a convex optimization approach for hand-eye calibration to the case where one of the sensors cannot observe the scale of its translational motion (e.g., a monocular camera observing an unmapped environment). We prove that our technique is able to provide a certifiably globally optimal solution to both the known- and unknown-scale variants of hand-eye calibration, provided that the measurement noise is bounded. Herein, we focus on the theoretical aspects of the problem, show the tightness and stability of our convex relaxation, and demonstrate the optimality and speed of our algorithm through experiments with synthetic data.
正确融合两个传感器的数据需要对它们的相对位姿进行准确的估计,这可以通过外部校准过程来确定。当传感器能够产生自己的自我运动估计(即通过环境测量其轨迹)时,可以采用“手眼”外部校准公式。在本文中,我们将我们最近在手眼校准的凸优化方法上的工作扩展到其中一个传感器无法观察其平移运动的比例的情况下(例如,单目相机观察未映射的环境)。我们证明,只要测量噪声是有界的,我们的技术能够为手眼校准的已知和未知尺度变量提供可证明的全局最优解。在此,我们将重点放在问题的理论方面,展示了我们的凸松弛的紧密性和稳定性,并通过合成数据的实验证明了我们的算法的最优性和速度。
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引用次数: 18
A Hybrid Approach To Hierarchical Density-based Cluster Selection 基于层次密度的聚类选择的混合方法
Claudia Malzer, M. Baum
HDBSCAN is a density-based clustering algorithm that constructs a cluster hierarchy tree and then uses a specific stability measure to extract flat clusters from the tree. We show how the application of an additional threshold value can result in a combination of DBSCAN* and HDBSCAN clusters, and demonstrate potential benefits of this hybrid approach when clustering data of variable densities. In particular, our approach is useful in scenarios where we require a low minimum cluster size but want to avoid an abundance of micro-clusters in high-density regions. The method can directly be applied to HDBSCAN's tree of cluster candidates and does not require any modifications to the hierarchy itself. It can easily be integrated as an addition to existing HDBSCAN implementations.
HDBSCAN是一种基于密度的聚类算法,它构建一个聚类层次树,然后使用特定的稳定性措施从树中提取平面聚类。我们展示了额外阈值的应用如何导致DBSCAN*和HDBSCAN集群的组合,并展示了这种混合方法在聚类可变密度数据时的潜在好处。特别是,我们的方法在需要最小簇大小较低但又希望避免高密度区域中大量微簇的情况下非常有用。该方法可以直接应用于HDBSCAN的候选集群树,并且不需要对层次结构本身进行任何修改。它可以很容易地集成为现有HDBSCAN实现的补充。
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引用次数: 50
期刊
2020 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)
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