W hierarchy had been a cornerstone of medieval and early modern societies, during the Enlightenment literate Europeans began to discuss the desirability of human equality. That ideal carried over into the Age of Revolutions (1775–1824), when some authors and activists specifically pursued economic equality. I will provide a brief survey of plans and policies on both sides of the Atlantic that aimed to introduce some form of equality or at least take the edge off of existing inequality.
{"title":"Economic Equality in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions","authors":"Wim Klooster","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00994","url":null,"abstract":"W hierarchy had been a cornerstone of medieval and early modern societies, during the Enlightenment literate Europeans began to discuss the desirability of human equality. That ideal carried over into the Age of Revolutions (1775–1824), when some authors and activists specifically pursued economic equality. I will provide a brief survey of plans and policies on both sides of the Atlantic that aimed to introduce some form of equality or at least take the edge off of existing inequality.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"234-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46880793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
colleagues—remember about visiting the Freedom Trail during the chronology of this book? While these questions might better serve a separate project, Bruggeman leaves no room for doubt that administrative policies and visitors’ experiences comprise a similar version of this story. Lost on the Freedom Trail converts a largely concealed institutional history of the Freedom Trail into a readable narrative. Bruggeman analyzes the twentieth century’s interpretation of events of the eighteenth century in Boston. He opens with an author’s note about racial reckoning in recent years and closes by mentioning a few subsequent changes, notably Faneuil Hall’s grappling with its complicity in chattel slavery. Lost on the Freedom Trail reaffirms the assertion that because our understanding of the past has consistently undergone evolutions, it will continue to do so. This book will do well in the hands of people who want to be onsite when that change happens.
{"title":"American Romanticism and the Popularization of Literary Education","authors":"R. Milder","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00986","url":null,"abstract":"colleagues—remember about visiting the Freedom Trail during the chronology of this book? While these questions might better serve a separate project, Bruggeman leaves no room for doubt that administrative policies and visitors’ experiences comprise a similar version of this story. Lost on the Freedom Trail converts a largely concealed institutional history of the Freedom Trail into a readable narrative. Bruggeman analyzes the twentieth century’s interpretation of events of the eighteenth century in Boston. He opens with an author’s note about racial reckoning in recent years and closes by mentioning a few subsequent changes, notably Faneuil Hall’s grappling with its complicity in chattel slavery. Lost on the Freedom Trail reaffirms the assertion that because our understanding of the past has consistently undergone evolutions, it will continue to do so. This book will do well in the hands of people who want to be onsite when that change happens.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"186-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49669698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
a liturgical and social process of preparation and purification called govienie, which involved fasting, limitations of secular activity, attending several days of church services, then confession and communion. Because the vast majority of Orthodox fulfilled this ritual before Easter, govienie took on a communal and seasonal character. Memoirs, letters, and literature of the nineteenth century are replete with descriptions of govienie. Written confessions demonstrate the extent to which Russians incorporated the words of the liturgy into their personal self-examinations. Kizenko’s focus on practice, and her gender analysis, support a rethinking of characterizations of elite culture in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that suggest confession was a compromised, theatrical procedure. Kizenko shows the degree to which elite men took it seriously and how it had become intertwined with civic virtue in their minds. Certainly, after heavy-handed efforts by Nicholas I to use confession against those arrested after the 1825 Decembrist uprising, such men increasingly distinguished between the sacraments of the Orthodox Church and the contents of the Gospel in their writings about govienie. However, Kizenko shows that for noble women in the nineteenth century, for whom it was less of a test of loyalty and who had few opportunities to publish their writings, sacramental confession played a key role in their reading and life narration. These women sought father-confessors who were their intellectual equals and corresponded extensively; moreover, these clerics clearly were not just directing their spiritual daughters but using the correspondence to explore ideas in private. The many devotional texts noble women authored to prepare their children for confession reveal the sacrament’s centrality to elite domestic culture. This book is a scholarly tour de force. In Kizenko’s able hands, confession proves to be an illuminating window into church–state relations, but also for viewing Russian Orthodoxy in relation to both western Christianity and other Orthodox societies, for exploring social and legal relationships in imperial Russia, and for glimpsing the devotional lives of its Orthodox inhabitants.
{"title":"Heathen: Religion and Race in American History","authors":"B. Wright","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00987","url":null,"abstract":"a liturgical and social process of preparation and purification called govienie, which involved fasting, limitations of secular activity, attending several days of church services, then confession and communion. Because the vast majority of Orthodox fulfilled this ritual before Easter, govienie took on a communal and seasonal character. Memoirs, letters, and literature of the nineteenth century are replete with descriptions of govienie. Written confessions demonstrate the extent to which Russians incorporated the words of the liturgy into their personal self-examinations. Kizenko’s focus on practice, and her gender analysis, support a rethinking of characterizations of elite culture in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that suggest confession was a compromised, theatrical procedure. Kizenko shows the degree to which elite men took it seriously and how it had become intertwined with civic virtue in their minds. Certainly, after heavy-handed efforts by Nicholas I to use confession against those arrested after the 1825 Decembrist uprising, such men increasingly distinguished between the sacraments of the Orthodox Church and the contents of the Gospel in their writings about govienie. However, Kizenko shows that for noble women in the nineteenth century, for whom it was less of a test of loyalty and who had few opportunities to publish their writings, sacramental confession played a key role in their reading and life narration. These women sought father-confessors who were their intellectual equals and corresponded extensively; moreover, these clerics clearly were not just directing their spiritual daughters but using the correspondence to explore ideas in private. The many devotional texts noble women authored to prepare their children for confession reveal the sacrament’s centrality to elite domestic culture. This book is a scholarly tour de force. In Kizenko’s able hands, confession proves to be an illuminating window into church–state relations, but also for viewing Russian Orthodoxy in relation to both western Christianity and other Orthodox societies, for exploring social and legal relationships in imperial Russia, and for glimpsing the devotional lives of its Orthodox inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"189-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48043724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cotton Mather Reader","authors":"Erik Nordbye","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00983","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"175-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41542731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Considerable scholarly attention has been lavished on the relationship between the great Victorian man of letters Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) and the Transcendentalist luminary Ralph Waldo Emerson, particularly regarding Emerson's role in publishing Carlyle's works in America. However, a newly discovered letter underlines the fact that Emerson did not act alone, having received crucial support in editing Carlyle's works from Charles Stearns Wheeler, a young Harvard graduate.
{"title":"An Unpublished Letter from Thomas Carlyle to his Editor in New England, Charles Stearns Wheeler","authors":"Alexander Jordan","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00982","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Considerable scholarly attention has been lavished on the relationship between the great Victorian man of letters Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) and the Transcendentalist luminary Ralph Waldo Emerson, particularly regarding Emerson's role in publishing Carlyle's works in America. However, a newly discovered letter underlines the fact that Emerson did not act alone, having received crucial support in editing Carlyle's works from Charles Stearns Wheeler, a young Harvard graduate.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"160-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The intellectual history of religious liberty redounds with complexity. This article chronicles the early decades of the Providence Plantations, what eventually became Rhode Island, as a historical frame of reference for exploring the promises and perils that liberty of conscience wrought in the Narragansett Bay.
{"title":"“A sweete cup hath rendered many of us wanton and too active”: The Perils and Promises of Liberty in the Providence Plantations, 1636–1656","authors":"Cory D. Higdon","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00981","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The intellectual history of religious liberty redounds with complexity. This article chronicles the early decades of the Providence Plantations, what eventually became Rhode Island, as a historical frame of reference for exploring the promises and perils that liberty of conscience wrought in the Narragansett Bay.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"121-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42958184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study explores the life of Flora Lee, an enslaved Massachusetts woman, who had her daughter spirited away from her during the Revolution. Lee's efforts to be reunited with her daughter in Nova Scotia, and to protect other vulnerable Black children, highlight enslaved women's resistance to their family's enslavement during the Revolutionary Era.
{"title":"Duty and Love: Flora Lee's Resistance to Slavery in Revolutionary Marblehead","authors":"G. O'brien","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00989","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores the life of Flora Lee, an enslaved Massachusetts woman, who had her daughter spirited away from her during the Revolution. Lee's efforts to be reunited with her daughter in Nova Scotia, and to protect other vulnerable Black children, highlight enslaved women's resistance to their family's enslavement during the Revolutionary Era.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"96-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43270346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making Maine: Statehood and the War of 1812","authors":"Zachary M. Bennett","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00988","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"181-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43944329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
in the state’s constitution and state house imitating the Bay State in both an ideological and physical sense (223). Making Maine will be of interest to scholars and lay readers of the state’s history. The amount of research in Making Maine borders on encyclopedic, and the primary sources in the book are impressive, coming from an impressive number of archives. Making Maine seems written for Mainers with an intimate knowledge of the Pine Tree State’s geography. Those interested in placing Maine’s experience during the War of 1812 within the wider national experience may note that the encyclopedic coverage of the war and the events surrounding it do not lend itself to a narrative structure. Smith vividly describes exciting battles and confrontations but could have also spent more time convincing readers why those events mattered with greater context. As a native Mainer, I fear that those “from away” will have a hard time seeing the relevance or importance of this forgotten episode from a largely forgotten war. Overall, Making Maine brings long overdue attention to an important moment in American history. Unlike Maine’s cries for help in 1814, one hopes that this book is heard by scholars beyond the state’s borders, because it helps us understand a critical crossroads not just in Maine’s history, but the nation’s as well.
{"title":"Lost on the Freedom Trail: The National Park Service and Urban Renewal in Postwar Boston","authors":"R. Graham","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00985","url":null,"abstract":"in the state’s constitution and state house imitating the Bay State in both an ideological and physical sense (223). Making Maine will be of interest to scholars and lay readers of the state’s history. The amount of research in Making Maine borders on encyclopedic, and the primary sources in the book are impressive, coming from an impressive number of archives. Making Maine seems written for Mainers with an intimate knowledge of the Pine Tree State’s geography. Those interested in placing Maine’s experience during the War of 1812 within the wider national experience may note that the encyclopedic coverage of the war and the events surrounding it do not lend itself to a narrative structure. Smith vividly describes exciting battles and confrontations but could have also spent more time convincing readers why those events mattered with greater context. As a native Mainer, I fear that those “from away” will have a hard time seeing the relevance or importance of this forgotten episode from a largely forgotten war. Overall, Making Maine brings long overdue attention to an important moment in American history. Unlike Maine’s cries for help in 1814, one hopes that this book is heard by scholars beyond the state’s borders, because it helps us understand a critical crossroads not just in Maine’s history, but the nation’s as well.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"183-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49387852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lydia Maria Child: A Radical American Life","authors":"G. Sorenson","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00984","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"96 1","pages":"178-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44829988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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