Though every civil rights advance of previous decades was not reversed, many were. National recognition of a revived states’ rights doctrine, manifest in “separate but equal,” would assure policies of white supremacy for generations. By giving legitimacy to segregation in education, employment, housing, and public accommodations, supremacist policies nearly erased the bravery, idealism, and accomplishments of the first civil rights movement that Kate Masur so insightfully chronicles. Segregation masquerading as “separate but equal” rights supplied legitimacy for race discrimination. After Plessy, though new generations of activists opposed segregation in the United States Post Office and the United States armed forces, no congress and no president would challenge segregation until confronted by comparison with the Nazi regime.
{"title":"Puritan Spirits in the Abolitionist Imagination","authors":"Lindsay Dicuirci","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00934","url":null,"abstract":"Though every civil rights advance of previous decades was not reversed, many were. National recognition of a revived states’ rights doctrine, manifest in “separate but equal,” would assure policies of white supremacy for generations. By giving legitimacy to segregation in education, employment, housing, and public accommodations, supremacist policies nearly erased the bravery, idealism, and accomplishments of the first civil rights movement that Kate Masur so insightfully chronicles. Segregation masquerading as “separate but equal” rights supplied legitimacy for race discrimination. After Plessy, though new generations of activists opposed segregation in the United States Post Office and the United States armed forces, no congress and no president would challenge segregation until confronted by comparison with the Nazi regime.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"95 1","pages":"97-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41899428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Inspired by Robert Lee and Tristan Ahtone's “Land-Grab Universities” (High Country News, March 2020), this essay examines how a small Vermont secondary school, Thetford Academy, is deeply connected to colonialism and Indigenous land dispossession, inviting readers to examine how their own local schools and institutions are similarly implicated.
摘要受Robert Lee和Tristan Ahtone的《土地掠夺大学》（High Country News，2020年3月）的启发，本文探讨了佛蒙特州的一所小型中学Thetford Academy如何与殖民主义和土著土地掠夺有着深刻的联系，邀请读者审视他们自己的当地学校和机构是如何受到类似的牵连的。
{"title":"Little Brother to Dartmouth Thetford Academy, Colonialism, and Dispossession in New England","authors":"Maurice S. Crandall","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00929","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inspired by Robert Lee and Tristan Ahtone's “Land-Grab Universities” (High Country News, March 2020), this essay examines how a small Vermont secondary school, Thetford Academy, is deeply connected to colonialism and Indigenous land dispossession, inviting readers to examine how their own local schools and institutions are similarly implicated.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"95 1","pages":"39-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41608691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W assembling this issue of the Quarterly, I reflected on the irony of starting our new year in March. Beginning it on Lady Day, March 25th is, after all, more consistent with New England, England, and Scotland before the New Calendar Act of 1750 and reflects the more visceral feeling of the passage of winter to spring. Central heating, air conditioning, and cable news have, to some extent, smoothed out our sense of seasonal change and altered our indoor social encounters. Jordan E. Taylor in “Now in the Winter of our Dull Content: Seasonality and the Atlantic Communications Frontier in Eighteenth-Century New England” reminds us of that different time when seasons shaped communication and life in New England more explicitly. Taylor examines how winter affected the content of newspapers and provided New Englanders with different rhythms of sociability and connection. Ice-bound harbors and poor roads inhibited the flow of news to publishers of newspapers affecting production and distribution, limiting and altering content, and indicating a not entirely unwelcome milieu of isolation. Technological change, the development of icebreaker boats, the telegraph, and the transatlantic cable led to the greater social connectivity and integration that Americans saw as progress. Yet, as Taylor suggests, the defeat of winter by better technology and communication also had an adverse impact. As users of email and the internet recognize, constant communication (as electronic umbilical cords) can lead to an omnipresent connectivity and with it, lost opportunities for solitude, reflection, or alternative kinds of sociability. Taylor’s caution about the adverse consequences of better communication reminds us also of the complexities that
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Jonathan M Chu","doi":"10.1162/tneq_e_00927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_e_00927","url":null,"abstract":"W assembling this issue of the Quarterly, I reflected on the irony of starting our new year in March. Beginning it on Lady Day, March 25th is, after all, more consistent with New England, England, and Scotland before the New Calendar Act of 1750 and reflects the more visceral feeling of the passage of winter to spring. Central heating, air conditioning, and cable news have, to some extent, smoothed out our sense of seasonal change and altered our indoor social encounters. Jordan E. Taylor in “Now in the Winter of our Dull Content: Seasonality and the Atlantic Communications Frontier in Eighteenth-Century New England” reminds us of that different time when seasons shaped communication and life in New England more explicitly. Taylor examines how winter affected the content of newspapers and provided New Englanders with different rhythms of sociability and connection. Ice-bound harbors and poor roads inhibited the flow of news to publishers of newspapers affecting production and distribution, limiting and altering content, and indicating a not entirely unwelcome milieu of isolation. Technological change, the development of icebreaker boats, the telegraph, and the transatlantic cable led to the greater social connectivity and integration that Americans saw as progress. Yet, as Taylor suggests, the defeat of winter by better technology and communication also had an adverse impact. As users of email and the internet recognize, constant communication (as electronic umbilical cords) can lead to an omnipresent connectivity and with it, lost opportunities for solitude, reflection, or alternative kinds of sociability. Taylor’s caution about the adverse consequences of better communication reminds us also of the complexities that","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"95 1","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47651069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ON July 15, 1934, in a neat Dutch Colonial in Newton, Massachusetts, Charles Sargent Dixwell succumbed to throat cancer. He was sixty-six. He left a considerable estate of $78,000, much of it still held in a trust his father had established for him at his birth. He had used the money to live the life of a nomadic gentleman, first with a much older wife, then with a much younger mistress who bore him two children. He earned a degree at Vienna Medical College but never practiced. He spoke six languages, lived for fifteen years in Paris, collected jewels for Cartier, and spent “much time in the desert with Lawrence of Arabia.” Being a Dixwell should have made him a New England Yankee through and through. His father’s surname and a middle name from his mother should have opened doors all over the Boston world of banking, seafaring, and power-brokering. But the name he answered to in childhood was Teen Seng, and his mother’s name was Hu Ts’ai-shun. She did not live on Beacon Hill but in China, where Charles’s father, Boston-bred George Dixwell, had been the “opium specialist” for the Heard Company. George purchased opium in India to sell for silver in China, and like many American businessmen who pursued profit in the drug trade, he eventually took a Chinese wife to allay the loneliness of his posting. She bore him a son, but when George brought him back to Boston to teach him the ways of a Yankee gentleman, the boy did not carry the Dixwell surname, because George’s Boston brothers had insisted that he keep the marriage and offspring secret.
{"title":"Separating History and Fiction","authors":"W. Martin","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00931","url":null,"abstract":"ON July 15, 1934, in a neat Dutch Colonial in Newton, Massachusetts, Charles Sargent Dixwell succumbed to throat cancer. He was sixty-six. He left a considerable estate of $78,000, much of it still held in a trust his father had established for him at his birth. He had used the money to live the life of a nomadic gentleman, first with a much older wife, then with a much younger mistress who bore him two children. He earned a degree at Vienna Medical College but never practiced. He spoke six languages, lived for fifteen years in Paris, collected jewels for Cartier, and spent “much time in the desert with Lawrence of Arabia.” Being a Dixwell should have made him a New England Yankee through and through. His father’s surname and a middle name from his mother should have opened doors all over the Boston world of banking, seafaring, and power-brokering. But the name he answered to in childhood was Teen Seng, and his mother’s name was Hu Ts’ai-shun. She did not live on Beacon Hill but in China, where Charles’s father, Boston-bred George Dixwell, had been the “opium specialist” for the Heard Company. George purchased opium in India to sell for silver in China, and like many American businessmen who pursued profit in the drug trade, he eventually took a Chinese wife to allay the loneliness of his posting. She bore him a son, but when George brought him back to Boston to teach him the ways of a Yankee gentleman, the boy did not carry the Dixwell surname, because George’s Boston brothers had insisted that he keep the marriage and offspring secret.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"95 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
for radical ends—no less than the destruction of slavery—they could not live so vividly in the abolitionist imagination if they were not also washed in the oblivious waters of colonial amnesia. These observations notwithstanding, scholars interested in the nineteenth-century construction of the colonial past will find in Gradert’s engaging book an important revelation about how saturated abolitionist discourse (and the print market) was with the figure of the revolutionary Puritan and how that figure, crafted in the abolitionist imagination, animated the zealous fight to end slavery.
{"title":"Eloquence Embodied: Nonverbal Communication Among French and Indigenous Peoples in the Americas","authors":"Ian Saxine","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00935","url":null,"abstract":"for radical ends—no less than the destruction of slavery—they could not live so vividly in the abolitionist imagination if they were not also washed in the oblivious waters of colonial amnesia. These observations notwithstanding, scholars interested in the nineteenth-century construction of the colonial past will find in Gradert’s engaging book an important revelation about how saturated abolitionist discourse (and the print market) was with the figure of the revolutionary Puritan and how that figure, crafted in the abolitionist imagination, animated the zealous fight to end slavery.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"95 1","pages":"100-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46916686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renaissance of an Early American Poet (2000) is the only other recent full-length study of Morton. While there have been a smattering of journal articles and book chapters that focus on specific elements of Morton’s life, (notably Michael Zuckerman’s “Pilgrims in the Wilderness: Community, Modernity, and the Maypole at Merry Mount,” New England Quarterly (1977), 255–77), Mancall’s comprehensive book-length study is long overdue. Mancall’s publication is timely amid the ongoing 400th anniversaries, including that of Plymouth’s founding (2020), Morton’s first brief trip to New England (2022), and the settlement of Ma-re Mount (2024). As scholars continue to move away from the puritan New England narrative, Mancall’s message is clear: Morton’s vision for New England was one of several options on the table for building a “New” England in the seventeenth century.
{"title":"Until Justice Be Done: America's First Civil Rights Movement, from the Revolution to Reconstruction","authors":"R. Brown","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00933","url":null,"abstract":"Renaissance of an Early American Poet (2000) is the only other recent full-length study of Morton. While there have been a smattering of journal articles and book chapters that focus on specific elements of Morton’s life, (notably Michael Zuckerman’s “Pilgrims in the Wilderness: Community, Modernity, and the Maypole at Merry Mount,” New England Quarterly (1977), 255–77), Mancall’s comprehensive book-length study is long overdue. Mancall’s publication is timely amid the ongoing 400th anniversaries, including that of Plymouth’s founding (2020), Morton’s first brief trip to New England (2022), and the settlement of Ma-re Mount (2024). As scholars continue to move away from the puritan New England narrative, Mancall’s message is clear: Morton’s vision for New England was one of several options on the table for building a “New” England in the seventeenth century.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"95 1","pages":"94-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42301081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Around 1670 an enslaved plaintiff called James Indian sued for his freedom in Massachusetts Bay. As his case languished, he found colonists willing to help him. The result of their collaboration, “James Indians answers to his Mr Carrs reasons of appeale,” offered a powerful critique of New England slavery law.
{"title":"James Indian, “Answers”: An Indigenous Freedom Suit in Massachusetts Bay","authors":"Anthony Shoplik, Jeffrey Glover","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00930","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Around 1670 an enslaved plaintiff called James Indian sued for his freedom in Massachusetts Bay. As his case languished, he found colonists willing to help him. The result of their collaboration, “James Indians answers to his Mr Carrs reasons of appeale,” offered a powerful critique of New England slavery law.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"95 1","pages":"66-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43984716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Winter was a challenging time for newspaper printers in early New England. When temperatures dropped, ships stopped arriving from abroad and foreign intelligence dried up. Examining this link between climate and print culture helps to reveal the material origins of early America's literary culture and its public sphere.
{"title":"Now is the Winter of Our Dull Content: Seasonality and the Atlantic Communications Frontier in Eighteenth-Century New England","authors":"Jordan Taylor","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00928","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Winter was a challenging time for newspaper printers in early New England. When temperatures dropped, ships stopped arriving from abroad and foreign intelligence dried up. Examining this link between climate and print culture helps to reveal the material origins of early America's literary culture and its public sphere.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"95 1","pages":"8-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45821734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Trials of Thomas Morton examines the life of Thomas Morton, an Anglican lawyer and trader who established the Ma-re Mount settlement, near modern-day Quincy, Massachusetts, in the 1620s. After freeing the servants under his command, Morton and his company erected an eighty-foot maypole and embraced Old English traditions, which unsurprisingly vexed his pious neighbours. Morton was exiled from New England three times, and as the book’s title suggests, he faced legal trials in both England and New England. Morton’s drinking, dancing, and cohabiting with and selling guns to Indigenous people caused problems, but it was “his skills as a lawyer and writer” that posed the greatest threat to his “Puritan Foes” (208). Peter C. Mancall uses Morton as a lens to explore the multiple visions for a New England that vied for dominance in the early seventeenth century. Blending chronological and thematic narratives, the book’s six chapters weave together a picture of both Morton’s life and New England’s complex cultural, political, and religious landscape. Morton understood that New England “could have a different future once the Pilgrims and Puritans lost their authority” and when “the authority of the Massachusetts Bay Company disappeared, a replacement would need to be created” (131). The book’s central premise is exploring the replacement vision that Morton offered. Mancall convincingly argues that Morton’s seminal work, New English Canaan (1637), was “unflinching in its dissent against the dissenters” and vital to Morton’s legal argument that Massachusetts Bay authorities had “exceeded the authority of their original charter” (174, 208). From start to finish, The Trials of Thomas Morton offers fresh approaches to reframing the well-told tale of life in seventeenth-century New England. For example, in the prologue Morton’s story is told through the eyes of former presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, who exchanged a lengthy correspondence about Morton and
{"title":"The Trials of Thomas Morton: An Anglican Lawyer, His Puritan Foes, and the Battle for a New England","authors":"Charlotte Carrington-Farmer","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00932","url":null,"abstract":"The Trials of Thomas Morton examines the life of Thomas Morton, an Anglican lawyer and trader who established the Ma-re Mount settlement, near modern-day Quincy, Massachusetts, in the 1620s. After freeing the servants under his command, Morton and his company erected an eighty-foot maypole and embraced Old English traditions, which unsurprisingly vexed his pious neighbours. Morton was exiled from New England three times, and as the book’s title suggests, he faced legal trials in both England and New England. Morton’s drinking, dancing, and cohabiting with and selling guns to Indigenous people caused problems, but it was “his skills as a lawyer and writer” that posed the greatest threat to his “Puritan Foes” (208). Peter C. Mancall uses Morton as a lens to explore the multiple visions for a New England that vied for dominance in the early seventeenth century. Blending chronological and thematic narratives, the book’s six chapters weave together a picture of both Morton’s life and New England’s complex cultural, political, and religious landscape. Morton understood that New England “could have a different future once the Pilgrims and Puritans lost their authority” and when “the authority of the Massachusetts Bay Company disappeared, a replacement would need to be created” (131). The book’s central premise is exploring the replacement vision that Morton offered. Mancall convincingly argues that Morton’s seminal work, New English Canaan (1637), was “unflinching in its dissent against the dissenters” and vital to Morton’s legal argument that Massachusetts Bay authorities had “exceeded the authority of their original charter” (174, 208). From start to finish, The Trials of Thomas Morton offers fresh approaches to reframing the well-told tale of life in seventeenth-century New England. For example, in the prologue Morton’s story is told through the eyes of former presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, who exchanged a lengthy correspondence about Morton and","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"95 1","pages":"92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43783353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Circolo Italo-Americano, a Progressive-era group of educated Italian immigrants and affluent Bostonians, was founded by settlement movement pioneer Vida Dutton Scudder to integrate Italians into American life through “friendly personal contacts,” social events, and educational opportunities. The Circolo included Italian leadership and focused on immigrants’ contributions, not on “assimilation.”
{"title":"“My Good Italian Friends”: Vida Scudder and Boston's Circolo Italo-Americano","authors":"J. Garbus","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00915","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Circolo Italo-Americano, a Progressive-era group of educated Italian immigrants and affluent Bostonians, was founded by settlement movement pioneer Vida Dutton Scudder to integrate Italians into American life through “friendly personal contacts,” social events, and educational opportunities. The Circolo included Italian leadership and focused on immigrants’ contributions, not on “assimilation.”","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"94 1","pages":"531-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46083045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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