Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.16
Nghiem Van Nguyen
The Environmental Stress Screening test objective is to validate proper manufacturing and find any manufacturing defects in a flight unit before delivery by using temperature modulation and vibration simulations. The ESS test performs temperature cycling and employs random vibrations to test the reliability of the unit. Temperature regulation is also provided via the poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) coolant flowing through the unit under test (UUT), which is controlled by a cooling system.
{"title":"GPS Sensor Electronics Unit Environmental Stress Screening Test Technique","authors":"Nghiem Van Nguyen","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.16","url":null,"abstract":"The Environmental Stress Screening test objective is to validate proper manufacturing and find any manufacturing defects in a flight unit before delivery by using temperature modulation and vibration simulations. The ESS test performs temperature cycling and employs random vibrations to test the reliability of the unit. Temperature regulation is also provided via the poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) coolant flowing through the unit under test (UUT), which is controlled by a cooling system.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125476111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.22
D. Esposito
This paper describes an educational outreach activity based on the following question: How large of an area must be covered with solar photovoltaic panels in order to meet U.S. energy demand? This activity is organized around a flexible structure that can be modified for the target audience (ranging from middle school students to adults) and contains ample opportunities for hands-on participation. After providing an overview of the activity and objectives, we describe the supplies needed to carry out this activity and guidelines for selecting and using them. Materials/supply costs for this activity are around $100-$250 but can be as low as $30. A detailed description of a baseline lesson plan is provided, and optional, add-on activities are described. The activity can be completed in as little as 15 minutes and extended to as long as several hours. Key learning objectives are to introduce the audience to the basic operating principles of solar cells, measure the performance of solar cells, and apply the metric system and order-of-magnitude reasoning skills to the above-stated question.
{"title":"Estimating solar energy requirements to meet U.S. energy needs: an outreach event","authors":"D. Esposito","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.22","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an educational outreach activity based on the following question: How large of an area must be covered with solar photovoltaic panels in order to meet U.S. energy demand? This activity is organized around a flexible structure that can be modified for the target audience (ranging from middle school students to adults) and contains ample opportunities for hands-on participation. After providing an overview of the activity and objectives, we describe the supplies needed to carry out this activity and guidelines for selecting and using them. Materials/supply costs for this activity are around $100-$250 but can be as low as $30. A detailed description of a baseline lesson plan is provided, and optional, add-on activities are described. The activity can be completed in as little as 15 minutes and extended to as long as several hours. Key learning objectives are to introduce the audience to the basic operating principles of solar cells, measure the performance of solar cells, and apply the metric system and order-of-magnitude reasoning skills to the above-stated question.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125490429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.35
Brian Pippenger
This paper will look into the growing problem of the skills gap in manufacturing. The speed at which technology is changing in the work place is phenomenal. Many of the manual functions of the past are run from computers. Computers run many of the machining functions; computer controllers are keeping track of every move the tools make, robots move parts from one operation to the next and conveyor systems controlled by computers that move the parts in automated cells. Processes that originally required ten or more employees now only need two or three. The dilemma is that these two or three employees need to be highly skilled in many areas of the process not just the operation of one machine in the process. This is where in the problem lies. How do companies address this skills gap in order to bring their employees to a skill level that will afford a level of confidence in operating of the automated processes that are now being implemented into our manufacturing systems? Many of the newest technologies are obsolete before they hit the floor. Organizations will need to evaluate their need for upgrading their technology to keep up with the competition. Will the implementation of new technology be essential in the future of the manufacturing process and staying ahead of the competition? What will the learning curve be for the new technology? Can training in advance of the implementation be feasible? Are the employees adding to their existing skill set or will this new technology require a new skill for them to learn? Providing an opportunity for training is only part of the answer. Many of the employees have not had structured education for many years or do not have the skill set needed for the new technologies that are being released. Removing the fear in the workplace so that everyone may work effectively for the company, institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement, and allow the employee the freedom to have pride in their work will make the transition as painless as possible for the employee and the organization.
{"title":"Removing the Skills Gap in Manufacturing","authors":"Brian Pippenger","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.35","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will look into the growing problem of the skills gap in manufacturing. The speed at which technology is changing in the work place is phenomenal. Many of the manual functions of the past are run from computers. Computers run many of the machining functions; computer controllers are keeping track of every move the tools make, robots move parts from one operation to the next and conveyor systems controlled by computers that move the parts in automated cells. Processes that originally required ten or more employees now only need two or three. The dilemma is that these two or three employees need to be highly skilled in many areas of the process not just the operation of one machine in the process. This is where in the problem lies. How do companies address this skills gap in order to bring their employees to a skill level that will afford a level of confidence in operating of the automated processes that are now being implemented into our manufacturing systems? Many of the newest technologies are obsolete before they hit the floor. Organizations will need to evaluate their need for upgrading their technology to keep up with the competition. Will the implementation of new technology be essential in the future of the manufacturing process and staying ahead of the competition? What will the learning curve be for the new technology? Can training in advance of the implementation be feasible? Are the employees adding to their existing skill set or will this new technology require a new skill for them to learn? Providing an opportunity for training is only part of the answer. Many of the employees have not had structured education for many years or do not have the skill set needed for the new technologies that are being released. Removing the fear in the workplace so that everyone may work effectively for the company, institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement, and allow the employee the freedom to have pride in their work will make the transition as painless as possible for the employee and the organization.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131792185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.56
M. Bailey
Across the globe building codes are being tightened up to include adequate electrical safety with the installation of protection devices such as GFI’s as well as setting standards for loop impedance in new buildings and electrical installations. Providing calibration of these devices presents many issues to calibration laboratories, primarily safety as these instruments are designed for use on mains power. Testing methods are also typically much different from traditional calibration of multimeters and other typical equipment, requiring measurement of low resistance (from 10mOhms to 10 Ohms) as well as accurate timing of fault currents (traditionally requiring usage of oscilloscopes). This paper describes typical Electricians test tools, and how to perform complete yet effective verification through traditional methods where modern electrical test equipment calibrators are not available.
{"title":"Ensuring Accurate and Safe Calibration Of Electrical Safety Equipment","authors":"M. Bailey","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.56","url":null,"abstract":"Across the globe building codes are being tightened up to include adequate electrical safety with the installation of protection devices such as GFI’s as well as setting standards for loop impedance in new buildings and electrical installations. Providing calibration of these devices presents many issues to calibration laboratories, primarily safety as these instruments are designed for use on mains power. Testing methods are also typically much different from traditional calibration of multimeters and other typical equipment, requiring measurement of low resistance (from 10mOhms to 10 Ohms) as well as accurate timing of fault currents (traditionally requiring usage of oscilloscopes). This paper describes typical Electricians test tools, and how to perform complete yet effective verification through traditional methods where modern electrical test equipment calibrators are not available.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131040134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.33
S. Echeverría-Villagómez, Guadalupe Rivera Arvizu, José Francisco Rodríguez-Silva, Diana Guzmán-Echeverría
The paper presents methodological tools that are being used in Mexico to address the relationship between the National Metrological System (NMS) and the Automotive Sector and Industries (ASI). The main objective is to enhance the performance of the organizations that conform the NMS (CENAM, Cal Labs, Test Labs, Service Companies) and provide a framework to organize their actions. A guiding principle has been to maintain a systemic integration NMS • ASI, at the same time that both sides of the equation are disaggregated to identify more effective ways of interaction. On the side of the ASI, the sector has been segmented with a criteria of the subsystems of the vehicle: Chasis, Body, Power Train, Interiors, Exteriors, Electrical and Infotainment. Companies that participate are OEMs, Tier 1, Tier 2, etc. On the side of the NMS, the system has been considered as: Primary metrology and reference standards, calibrations services, testing services, gages and fixtures producers, certification bodies. The organizations and companies that develop each function go from the NMI (CENAM) to secondary laboratories, both public and private, and include technological companies. The projects being proposed include the strengthening of calibration and measurement capabilities in the mentioned disciplines, as well as training programs and systems development. Other important activities being addressed include the development of highly capable testing laboratories, as well as gage and fixture manufacturers. The paper presents the actions being taken, their degree of advance and planes for the next years.
{"title":"Metrology for the Automotive Industry in Mexico","authors":"S. Echeverría-Villagómez, Guadalupe Rivera Arvizu, José Francisco Rodríguez-Silva, Diana Guzmán-Echeverría","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.33","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents methodological tools that are being used in Mexico to address the relationship between the National Metrological System (NMS) and the Automotive Sector and Industries (ASI). The main objective is to enhance the performance of the organizations that conform the NMS (CENAM, Cal Labs, Test Labs, Service Companies) and provide a framework to organize their actions. A guiding principle has been to maintain a systemic integration NMS • ASI, at the same time that both sides of the equation are disaggregated to identify more effective ways of interaction. On the side of the ASI, the sector has been segmented with a criteria of the subsystems of the vehicle: Chasis, Body, Power Train, Interiors, Exteriors, Electrical and Infotainment. Companies that participate are OEMs, Tier 1, Tier 2, etc. On the side of the NMS, the system has been considered as: Primary metrology and reference standards, calibrations services, testing services, gages and fixtures producers, certification bodies. The organizations and companies that develop each function go from the NMI (CENAM) to secondary laboratories, both public and private, and include technological companies. The projects being proposed include the strengthening of calibration and measurement capabilities in the mentioned disciplines, as well as training programs and systems development. Other important activities being addressed include the development of highly capable testing laboratories, as well as gage and fixture manufacturers. The paper presents the actions being taken, their degree of advance and planes for the next years.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130075203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.64
Corey Claxton
This paper evaluates a process to use a VNA to measure the SWR of a 50 MHz power reference output found in most power meters. Normally measuring this parameter involves the use of a thermistor mount, a power meter, and a more or less complex method that involves in a first step measure the output with the power meter set to the normal bridge setting of 200 ohm and then change it to 100 ohm. The SWR can then be determined, by calculating the mismatch of these two different load conditions. However, if you don’t have a thermistor mount or they are out for calibration is it possible to use a VNA to make the same measurement accurately? Using the VNA and setting up a sweep around the 50 MHz output signal we can measure the SWR in immediate vicinity of the 50 MHz signal. This creates a possible alternate method for measuring the SWR of the reference output using the VNA. We will compare results using the traditional method and the VNA method to find if the VNA method is an acceptable alternative solution.
{"title":"Can we calibrate a 1 mW @ 50 MHz power reference SWR using a VNA?","authors":"Corey Claxton","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.64","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates a process to use a VNA to measure the SWR of a 50 MHz power reference output found in most power meters. Normally measuring this parameter involves the use of a thermistor mount, a power meter, and a more or less complex method that involves in a first step measure the output with the power meter set to the normal bridge setting of 200 ohm and then change it to 100 ohm. The SWR can then be determined, by calculating the mismatch of these two different load conditions. However, if you don’t have a thermistor mount or they are out for calibration is it possible to use a VNA to make the same measurement accurately? Using the VNA and setting up a sweep around the 50 MHz output signal we can measure the SWR in immediate vicinity of the 50 MHz signal. This creates a possible alternate method for measuring the SWR of the reference output using the VNA. We will compare results using the traditional method and the VNA method to find if the VNA method is an acceptable alternative solution.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"71 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113991260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.63
Thomas P. Pessa
For many metrology laboratories, the management system used to track and schedule the daily work is critical to the success of the laboratory. Many labs, if not most, inevitably purchase software from a commercial provider as a means to have a calibration management system in place. A primary concern with the purchase of typical software is the onerous reality that the software systems must be installed on each and every computer or at best served to every computer from a central server.
{"title":"Hosted Laboratory Management Systems","authors":"Thomas P. Pessa","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.63","url":null,"abstract":"For many metrology laboratories, the management system used to track and schedule the daily work is critical to the success of the laboratory. Many labs, if not most, inevitably purchase software from a commercial provider as a means to have a calibration management system in place. A primary concern with the purchase of typical software is the onerous reality that the software systems must be installed on each and every computer or at best served to every computer from a central server.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133961988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.27
W. B. Martin
This paper is intended to present an overall approach to measurement assurance by providing examples in measurement assurance at the instrument level. We often seem to be overwhelmed with measurement assurance and understanding of uncertainty analysis. Most who do the analysis are not PHD's in mathematics or statistics yet find themselves between their requirements and the real world applications.
{"title":"Instrument Measurement Assurance Applications","authors":"W. B. Martin","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.27","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is intended to present an overall approach to measurement assurance by providing examples in measurement assurance at the instrument level. We often seem to be overwhelmed with measurement assurance and understanding of uncertainty analysis. Most who do the analysis are not PHD's in mathematics or statistics yet find themselves between their requirements and the real world applications.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"1999 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121314627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.38
S. Sidney
The vast majority of routine testing that takes place requires that the laboratory or the customer of the laboratory evaluates the test results in terms of either prescribed (regulations) or production limits. In more recent times simple acceptance rules that have been established over time have given way to a more ´scientific’ approach. These new ideas are intended to provide users of test and calibration reports that are specifically used for Conformance Testing, with more comprehensive support when the data is questionable. This paper reflects on what is questionable data, how it arises and makes reference to a new guidance document that was developed by the BIPM Joint Working Group on Guides • WG1 and published in 2012. It tackles the thorny question of Uncertainty of Measurement in Conformance Testing and provides a number of approaches which can be taken to help resolve issues that may arise. Although the BIPM, and this working group in particular, have traditionally focused on metrological issues, this approach will be of interest to all laboratories. As the role of uncertainty of measurement impacts more and more on certificates being issued, laboratories need to not only be aware of the effect that this has on conformance testing, but also be knowledgeable about how to answer customer’s queries in this regard. It is also hoped that authorities and regulators will start to adopt some of these ideas in order to avoid the cost or risk of incorrect decisions and it is hoped that this will also have a positive effect on decisions made as a result of laboratory data.
{"title":"The role of uncertainty of measurement In conformance testing","authors":"S. Sidney","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.38","url":null,"abstract":"The vast majority of routine testing that takes place requires that the laboratory or the customer of the laboratory evaluates the test results in terms of either prescribed (regulations) or production limits. In more recent times simple acceptance rules that have been established over time have given way to a more ´scientific’ approach. These new ideas are intended to provide users of test and calibration reports that are specifically used for Conformance Testing, with more comprehensive support when the data is questionable. This paper reflects on what is questionable data, how it arises and makes reference to a new guidance document that was developed by the BIPM Joint Working Group on Guides • WG1 and published in 2012. It tackles the thorny question of Uncertainty of Measurement in Conformance Testing and provides a number of approaches which can be taken to help resolve issues that may arise. Although the BIPM, and this working group in particular, have traditionally focused on metrological issues, this approach will be of interest to all laboratories. As the role of uncertainty of measurement impacts more and more on certificates being issued, laboratories need to not only be aware of the effect that this has on conformance testing, but also be knowledgeable about how to answer customer’s queries in this regard. It is also hoped that authorities and regulators will start to adopt some of these ideas in order to avoid the cost or risk of incorrect decisions and it is hoped that this will also have a positive effect on decisions made as a result of laboratory data.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114185431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.18
Hsin-Hung Lee
Greenhouse gas emissions have been regarded as a global challenge and several national metrology institutes have started research on this topic. Smokestacks are one of the main emission sources and its flow measurements draw much attention due to the unstable flow conditions and complex gas composition. Pitot tubes are widely used in the environmental analysis. However, the traditional pitot tube can only provide one-dimensional flow velocity and the measurement locations also need to be placed with care. Multi-hole pitot tubes have been claimed that it can be applied to three-dimensional swirl flow measurements in the smokestack and provides more accurate results. The main drawback for using multi-hole pitot tubes is the time-consuming and complex calibration procedures before implementation. The possible way to significantly reduce the time and costs is to establish an automatic calibration traversing system and programmable calibration method. Moreover, the latest research also revealed that flow separation and hysteresis occurred during multi-hole pitot tube calibration and resulted in discrepancies in the repeatability testing. Therefore, flow visualization, surface pressure analysis and calibration data modeling need to be further studied in order to establish appropriate measurement technology for quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions effectively. In this paper, ANFIS (Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System) method was first applied to multi-hole pitot tube calibration modeling owing to its capability of efficient learning, easy implementation and excellent explanation through fuzzy rules. The results showed that ANFIS method can help identify the dominant parameters and construct the network of pitot tube calibration parameters among non-dimensional pressure coefficients, flow angles and flow velocity. Additionally, a commercial CFD software, ANSYS Fluent 14, was used to simulate the flow hysteresis during pitot tube calibration. The simulation was carried out by unsteady computation and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) ê-ù turbulence model was also adopted to study the adverse pressure gradients and flow separation. The simulation results showed that the location of recirculation area can be identified by the contour of negative X velocity and vorticity. It’s helpful for elucidating the laminar boundary layer separation and the behavior of flow transition on the pitot tube when flow hysteresis occurs.
{"title":"A Novel Calibration Method and Computer Simulation for Multi-hole Pitot Tubes","authors":"Hsin-Hung Lee","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.18","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse gas emissions have been regarded as a global challenge and several national metrology institutes have started research on this topic. Smokestacks are one of the main emission sources and its flow measurements draw much attention due to the unstable flow conditions and complex gas composition. Pitot tubes are widely used in the environmental analysis. However, the traditional pitot tube can only provide one-dimensional flow velocity and the measurement locations also need to be placed with care. Multi-hole pitot tubes have been claimed that it can be applied to three-dimensional swirl flow measurements in the smokestack and provides more accurate results. The main drawback for using multi-hole pitot tubes is the time-consuming and complex calibration procedures before implementation. The possible way to significantly reduce the time and costs is to establish an automatic calibration traversing system and programmable calibration method. Moreover, the latest research also revealed that flow separation and hysteresis occurred during multi-hole pitot tube calibration and resulted in discrepancies in the repeatability testing. Therefore, flow visualization, surface pressure analysis and calibration data modeling need to be further studied in order to establish appropriate measurement technology for quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions effectively. In this paper, ANFIS (Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System) method was first applied to multi-hole pitot tube calibration modeling owing to its capability of efficient learning, easy implementation and excellent explanation through fuzzy rules. The results showed that ANFIS method can help identify the dominant parameters and construct the network of pitot tube calibration parameters among non-dimensional pressure coefficients, flow angles and flow velocity. Additionally, a commercial CFD software, ANSYS Fluent 14, was used to simulate the flow hysteresis during pitot tube calibration. The simulation was carried out by unsteady computation and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) ê-ù turbulence model was also adopted to study the adverse pressure gradients and flow separation. The simulation results showed that the location of recirculation area can be identified by the contour of negative X velocity and vorticity. It’s helpful for elucidating the laminar boundary layer separation and the behavior of flow transition on the pitot tube when flow hysteresis occurs.","PeriodicalId":446344,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2014","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125314638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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