Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v43i3.2925
A. Quddos, M. Nadeem, S. Ahsan, A. Khaliq, M. F. J. Chughtai, M. Rebezov, S.S. Terent'ev, Y. Tryabas, V. Ermolaev, G. Iskakova, S. Konovalov, A. Gayvas, M. Shariati
In current study twenty-five barley genotypes were grown under RCBD (randomized complete block design). Barley flour was analyzed for proximate composition, β-glucan content, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. Based on the results of nutritional quality best line (4158) was selected for the preparation of wheat flour supplemented bread. The sensory evaluation of bread was carried out to assess its suitability for consumers. The data obtained from all the experiments was subjected to statistical analysis by CRD. The results indicated that the highest moisture content (13.47%), protein content (13.93%), fat content (3.39%), fiber content (7.08%), ash content (2.67%) and NFE (71.54%) were observed in lines 4220, 4158, 4149, 4193, 4233, 4220 respectively. Similarly, significant differences for β-glucan (4.99%), total dietary fiber (16.62%), soluble (6.23%) and insoluble dietary fiber contents (10.36%) were observed in barley line 4193, 4233, 4168 and 4233, respectively. The bread prepared with the addition of 5% flour to wheat flour was liked most by the judges after the control bread. The current study showed significant potential of flour to be used by baking industry for the preparation of bread and other food products by the addition of flour.
{"title":"Genotype by Environment Interactions in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars for Nutritional Quality Assessment","authors":"A. Quddos, M. Nadeem, S. Ahsan, A. Khaliq, M. F. J. Chughtai, M. Rebezov, S.S. Terent'ev, Y. Tryabas, V. Ermolaev, G. Iskakova, S. Konovalov, A. Gayvas, M. Shariati","doi":"10.17503/agrivita.v43i3.2925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v43i3.2925","url":null,"abstract":"In current study twenty-five barley genotypes were grown under RCBD (randomized complete block design). Barley flour was analyzed for proximate composition, β-glucan content, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. Based on the results of nutritional quality best line (4158) was selected for the preparation of wheat flour supplemented bread. The sensory evaluation of bread was carried out to assess its suitability for consumers. The data obtained from all the experiments was subjected to statistical analysis by CRD. The results indicated that the highest moisture content (13.47%), protein content (13.93%), fat content (3.39%), fiber content (7.08%), ash content (2.67%) and NFE (71.54%) were observed in lines 4220, 4158, 4149, 4193, 4233, 4220 respectively. Similarly, significant differences for β-glucan (4.99%), total dietary fiber (16.62%), soluble (6.23%) and insoluble dietary fiber contents (10.36%) were observed in barley line 4193, 4233, 4168 and 4233, respectively. The bread prepared with the addition of 5% flour to wheat flour was liked most by the judges after the control bread. The current study showed significant potential of flour to be used by baking industry for the preparation of bread and other food products by the addition of flour.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42466538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2557
Dimas Tri Asmara, R. H. Murti, A. Wijonarko, Enik Nurlaili Afifah
Helopeltis bradyi is a significant pest that causes yield losses and reduces the quality of tea plantations by piercing and sucking the sap of tea leaves. This pest can be appropriately controlled by using resistant clones. The PGL series (clones) owned by Pagilaran plantation has high yield and quality. However, information their resistance level against H. bradyi is limited. This research was conducted at Pagilaran tea plantation at an altitude of 990 masl. Six PGL clone series (PGL 4, PGL 6, PGL 9, PGL 10, PGL 11, and PGL 15) and control clones (TRI 2025 and Gambung 7) were used as plant materials. Their morphological and biochemical characteristics were determined to evaluate their resistance level against H. bradyi. The results revealed that the score symptoms (under 10%) of PGL 4, PGL 9, PGL 10, PGL 11, and PGL 15 clones were the lowest, so these clones were categorized to be highly resistant. In addition, the total phenol content and trichome density of PGL 4, PGL 10, and PGL 15 clones were the highest. Among them, the PGL 4 clone had the thickest epidermis. These characteristics likely contributed to the morphological and biochemical defence mechanisms of tea plants against H. bradyi.
{"title":"Evaluation of Resistant Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Clones Against Helopeltis bradyi","authors":"Dimas Tri Asmara, R. H. Murti, A. Wijonarko, Enik Nurlaili Afifah","doi":"10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2557","url":null,"abstract":"Helopeltis bradyi is a significant pest that causes yield losses and reduces the quality of tea plantations by piercing and sucking the sap of tea leaves. This pest can be appropriately controlled by using resistant clones. The PGL series (clones) owned by Pagilaran plantation has high yield and quality. However, information their resistance level against H. bradyi is limited. This research was conducted at Pagilaran tea plantation at an altitude of 990 masl. Six PGL clone series (PGL 4, PGL 6, PGL 9, PGL 10, PGL 11, and PGL 15) and control clones (TRI 2025 and Gambung 7) were used as plant materials. Their morphological and biochemical characteristics were determined to evaluate their resistance level against H. bradyi. The results revealed that the score symptoms (under 10%) of PGL 4, PGL 9, PGL 10, PGL 11, and PGL 15 clones were the lowest, so these clones were categorized to be highly resistant. In addition, the total phenol content and trichome density of PGL 4, PGL 10, and PGL 15 clones were the highest. Among them, the PGL 4 clone had the thickest epidermis. These characteristics likely contributed to the morphological and biochemical defence mechanisms of tea plants against H. bradyi.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46215213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.1936
O. Fabiyi, A. Claudius-Cole, G. Olatunji, David Oluwafemi Abubakar, O. Adejumo
Plant-parasitic nematodes attack is an important problem on crop production worldwide. Meloidogyne javanica is a potentially damaging pest of several crops. Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effect of supernatant liquid from the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with agricultural wastes on the survival and hatching of Meloidogyne javanica juveniles and eggs. The experiment consisted of five treatments (carbofuran, corn cobs, rice husk, guinea corn chaff, and distilled water served as control) at three concentrations of 10, 20, and 30%. Each was repeated three times in a complete randomized design. Nematicidal bioassay revealed a consequential (p=0.05) decrease in egg hatch rate in 20 and 30% concentrations of the nanoparticle supernatant liquid. Similarly, percentage mortality increased significantly (p=0.05) in the nano supernatant liquid, with the corncob silver nanoparticle having the highest percentage mortality. These results confirmed that the agricultural waste silver nanoparticle supernatant liquid could be a cost-effective and eco-friendly nematicide.
{"title":"Response of Meloidogyne javanica to Silver Nanoparticle Liquid from Agricultural Wastes","authors":"O. Fabiyi, A. Claudius-Cole, G. Olatunji, David Oluwafemi Abubakar, O. Adejumo","doi":"10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.1936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.1936","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-parasitic nematodes attack is an important problem on crop production worldwide. Meloidogyne javanica is a potentially damaging pest of several crops. Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effect of supernatant liquid from the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with agricultural wastes on the survival and hatching of Meloidogyne javanica juveniles and eggs. The experiment consisted of five treatments (carbofuran, corn cobs, rice husk, guinea corn chaff, and distilled water served as control) at three concentrations of 10, 20, and 30%. Each was repeated three times in a complete randomized design. Nematicidal bioassay revealed a consequential (p=0.05) decrease in egg hatch rate in 20 and 30% concentrations of the nanoparticle supernatant liquid. Similarly, percentage mortality increased significantly (p=0.05) in the nano supernatant liquid, with the corncob silver nanoparticle having the highest percentage mortality. These results confirmed that the agricultural waste silver nanoparticle supernatant liquid could be a cost-effective and eco-friendly nematicide.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42395446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2183
N. Phankamolsil
A rise in the sea level is one of the main environmental issues facing the world. However, little attention has been paid to its effects on soil properties, especially in agricultural areas. Herein, we implemented to monitor the effects of a rise in sea level on some soil properties related to salt affected soils in agricultural areas on Lower Central Plain, Thailand and determine the severity of salt impact during different periods in these areas. All soils were deep, poorly drained and mainly fine textured, with a minimally developed soil horizon. The soil moisture varied between 20.84 and 79.04%. Soil electrical conductivity (EC e ) in saturation paste extracts varied substantially between locations, depth levels, and periods of soil sampling, ranging from 0.21 to 4.42 dS m -1 . The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values of these soils during the periods of soil sampling were rather higher than 13 in either some or all layers of the soil profiles, ranging between 6.80 and 41.89. These results suggested that many of the study locations were affected by salts and all sites could be classified as sodic soils with the classification increasing to saline-sodic soils in locations N4 in April, N5 in March, July and August, and P4 in March. Thus, during these times it was possible that the increased salt levels were due to the rising sea level compared to during May and June when there was high precipitation.
{"title":"Monitoring the Effects of Sea Level Rise on some Soil Properties Related to Salt Affected Soils in Agricultural Areas of Lower Central Plain, Thailand","authors":"N. Phankamolsil","doi":"10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2183","url":null,"abstract":"A rise in the sea level is one of the main environmental issues facing the world. However, little attention has been paid to its effects on soil properties, especially in agricultural areas. Herein, we implemented to monitor the effects of a rise in sea level on some soil properties related to salt affected soils in agricultural areas on Lower Central Plain, Thailand and determine the severity of salt impact during different periods in these areas. All soils were deep, poorly drained and mainly fine textured, with a minimally developed soil horizon. The soil moisture varied between 20.84 and 79.04%. Soil electrical conductivity (EC e ) in saturation paste extracts varied substantially between locations, depth levels, and periods of soil sampling, ranging from 0.21 to 4.42 dS m -1 . The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values of these soils during the periods of soil sampling were rather higher than 13 in either some or all layers of the soil profiles, ranging between 6.80 and 41.89. These results suggested that many of the study locations were affected by salts and all sites could be classified as sodic soils with the classification increasing to saline-sodic soils in locations N4 in April, N5 in March, July and August, and P4 in March. Thus, during these times it was possible that the increased salt levels were due to the rising sea level compared to during May and June when there was high precipitation.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45030154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2957
M. Yunus
Etlingera elatior or torch ginger is a species under Zingiberaceae family, which are largely distributed in the tropical forests and humid shady places. It is a coarse herb often growing in large colonies, characterized by elongated leafy stems up to 5-meter height arising from underground rhizomes. It is known as kantan in Malaysia and kecombrang in Indonesia. The inflorescence is popular as ingredients in Malay, Indonesian and Thai dishes. The extract from its stem is used to reduce swelling, the leaves are used by post-partum women while the fruits are used as treatment for earache, diarrhoea, coughs, and mouth sores. Additionally, due to its beautiful appearance it also widely marketed as a promising floriculture and horticulture plant. Recently, the rising demand from customers for the versatility and durability of cut flowers has made farmers and the horticulture industry to search for new cultivars. Thus, researchers are keen to generate cultivars with wide range of colours, shapes, yield and longer vase life. This could be done through different techniques such as intensive germplasm collection, hybridization programme and plant biotechnology techniques. Towards achieving these aims, this review provides current insight on E. elatior from botanical, physiological growth, breeding, taxonomy, ecology, commercial potential, and post-harvest aspects.
{"title":"Commercial Potentials and Agronomic Status of Etlingera elatior, a Promising Horticulture Plant from Zingiberaceae Family","authors":"M. Yunus","doi":"10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2957","url":null,"abstract":"Etlingera elatior or torch ginger is a species under Zingiberaceae family, which are largely distributed in the tropical forests and humid shady places. It is a coarse herb often growing in large colonies, characterized by elongated leafy stems up to 5-meter height arising from underground rhizomes. It is known as kantan in Malaysia and kecombrang in Indonesia. The inflorescence is popular as ingredients in Malay, Indonesian and Thai dishes. The extract from its stem is used to reduce swelling, the leaves are used by post-partum women while the fruits are used as treatment for earache, diarrhoea, coughs, and mouth sores. Additionally, due to its beautiful appearance it also widely marketed as a promising floriculture and horticulture plant. Recently, the rising demand from customers for the versatility and durability of cut flowers has made farmers and the horticulture industry to search for new cultivars. Thus, researchers are keen to generate cultivars with wide range of colours, shapes, yield and longer vase life. This could be done through different techniques such as intensive germplasm collection, hybridization programme and plant biotechnology techniques. Towards achieving these aims, this review provides current insight on E. elatior from botanical, physiological growth, breeding, taxonomy, ecology, commercial potential, and post-harvest aspects.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44429295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.3026
K. Dhakal, R. Yadaw, B. R. Baral, K. R. Pokhrel, Santosh Rasaily
The present study was performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications to identify higher yielding genotypes and putative traits for grain yield improvement under a rainfed environment. Genotypes recorded highly significant variation for most of the observed agro- morphological traits except the number of effective tillers/m2. IR102774-31-21-2-4-7 (5.40 t/ha) followed by IR99739: 2-1-1-2-1 (5.22 t/ha), and IR103587-23-2-1-B (5.05 t/ha) respectively were the higher grain yielders. These high yielders were among the sets of early flowering (85-96 days) and maturing (120-130 days) genotypes. Plant height (PHT- 86.62% and 25.69%), harvest index (HI-87.17% and 44.66%), and thousand-grain weight (TGW- 71.06% and 30.05%) recorded high heritability values coupled with higher genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM). IR102774-31-21-2-4-7 produced superior agro-morphological character for several traits like grain yield, thousand-grain weight, biological yield, plant height, and days to flowering and maturity. Plant height, biological yield, harvest index, days to flowering, and maturity were highly associated with grain yield and had medium to high heritability and GAM values. Therefore, these traits might be of importance for selection in grain yield improvement of rice under rainfed lowland conditions.
{"title":"Agro-morphological and Genotypic Diversity among Rice Germplasms under Rainfed Lowland Condition","authors":"K. Dhakal, R. Yadaw, B. R. Baral, K. R. Pokhrel, Santosh Rasaily","doi":"10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.3026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.3026","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications to identify higher yielding genotypes and putative traits for grain yield improvement under a rainfed environment. Genotypes recorded highly significant variation for most of the observed agro- morphological traits except the number of effective tillers/m2. IR102774-31-21-2-4-7 (5.40 t/ha) followed by IR99739: 2-1-1-2-1 (5.22 t/ha), and IR103587-23-2-1-B (5.05 t/ha) respectively were the higher grain yielders. These high yielders were among the sets of early flowering (85-96 days) and maturing (120-130 days) genotypes. Plant height (PHT- 86.62% and 25.69%), harvest index (HI-87.17% and 44.66%), and thousand-grain weight (TGW- 71.06% and 30.05%) recorded high heritability values coupled with higher genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM). IR102774-31-21-2-4-7 produced superior agro-morphological character for several traits like grain yield, thousand-grain weight, biological yield, plant height, and days to flowering and maturity. Plant height, biological yield, harvest index, days to flowering, and maturity were highly associated with grain yield and had medium to high heritability and GAM values. Therefore, these traits might be of importance for selection in grain yield improvement of rice under rainfed lowland conditions.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46234697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.3005
B. M. Kumar, B. Sasikumar, T. Kunhamu
Black pepper with the sobriquet ‘King of Spices’ is a very important spice and medicinal crop of India. The country produces about 62,000 metric tonnes of black pepper annually and about 10–12% of that is exported. Kerala with an area of 82,761 ha under the crop is a leading producer of the spice. Black pepper is grown under varied agro-ecologies in the state ranging from sea level to High Ranges. The crop, a climber, is cultivated either as a monocrop trailed on different multipurpose support trees (called “standards”, e.g., Ailanthus triphysa, Erythrina indica, Garuga pinnata, Gliricidia sepium etc.) or in the homesteads along with assorted trees like arecanut ( Areca catechu ), coconut ( Cocos nucifera ), jack ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ), mango ( Mangifera indica ) and the like . Trailing a sciophytic (shade loving) climber on woody perennial support trees makes it a unique agronomic system and an excellent example of agroforestry. Dead supports like concrete posts, granite/laterite pillars, wooden poles and specially devised PVC columns, although used for raising black pepper plantations, are less prevalent. Attractive prices, albeit fluctuations, long shelf-life of the produce, and the ability to provide a range of ecosystem services including supporting and regulatory services (e.g., carbon sequestration and soil fertility enrichment), make black pepper production an attractive land use option for the farmers of Kerala.
{"title":"Agroecological Aspects of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Cultivation in Kerala: A Review","authors":"B. M. Kumar, B. Sasikumar, T. Kunhamu","doi":"10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.3005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.3005","url":null,"abstract":"Black pepper with the sobriquet ‘King of Spices’ is a very important spice and medicinal crop of India. The country produces about 62,000 metric tonnes of black pepper annually and about 10–12% of that is exported. Kerala with an area of 82,761 ha under the crop is a leading producer of the spice. Black pepper is grown under varied agro-ecologies in the state ranging from sea level to High Ranges. The crop, a climber, is cultivated either as a monocrop trailed on different multipurpose support trees (called “standards”, e.g., Ailanthus triphysa, Erythrina indica, Garuga pinnata, Gliricidia sepium etc.) or in the homesteads along with assorted trees like arecanut ( Areca catechu ), coconut ( Cocos nucifera ), jack ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ), mango ( Mangifera indica ) and the like . Trailing a sciophytic (shade loving) climber on woody perennial support trees makes it a unique agronomic system and an excellent example of agroforestry. Dead supports like concrete posts, granite/laterite pillars, wooden poles and specially devised PVC columns, although used for raising black pepper plantations, are less prevalent. Attractive prices, albeit fluctuations, long shelf-life of the produce, and the ability to provide a range of ecosystem services including supporting and regulatory services (e.g., carbon sequestration and soil fertility enrichment), make black pepper production an attractive land use option for the farmers of Kerala.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45780028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2968
Ehsan Neamatollahi, M. Akbari, R. Afshari, Mohammad Alizadeh Noughani
Conventional tillage is practiced substantialy in melon growing areas. Although conventional tillage has destructive effects on the environment, it also has many negative effects on the health of agroecosystems and crop production. However, very few experiments and data have been conducted to investigate the functional differences (growth, yield and yield components) of melon crop under different tillage methods. Field experiments were accomplished to research the interactive effect of residue and tillage methods on growth analysis, yield and yield components of melon during the 2019 growing season. Tillage treatments in this research included were conventional tillage (CT; moldboard ploughing + two passes of disk harrowing), no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT; one pass of disk harrowing) and. Residue treatments were included 0%, 30% and 60%. Yield, yield components included fruit weight per plant (FWPP), the number of fruit per plant (NFPP), diameter (D), length (L), sugar (S), radiation use efficiency (RUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were obtained for all treatments. Results showed that tillage methods significantly (P≤0.05) influenced the yield and yield components. Analysis of variance results showed that yield, FWPP, NFPP, D, L, S and RUE were significantly under the different tillage methods, moreover yield, FWPP, NFPP, D, L and S were significantly under the different residue percentage and interactive effect of tillage and residue. The maximum FWPP (2.678kg), NFPP (6.799), D (18.49cm), L (45.93cm), S (12.51%) and RUE (2.470) as a result yield (16.17 t ha -1 ) were observed with the CT. Also, maximum FWPP (2.192), NFPP (5.353), D (16.66), L (39.52) and yield (12.83 t ha -1 ) were obtained from 30% residue. On the other hand, maximum FWPP (2.850), NFPP (6.790), D (20.71), L (53.53) and yield (17.09 t ha -1 ) from CT30% were obtained. Therefore, moldboard ploughing followed by two passes of disk harrow with 30% residue were found to be more appropriate and profitable tillage method and residue percentage in improving the yield of melon in the temperate cold climatic zone. Almost all of the growth indicators were optimum for conservation tillage treatments, especially with 30% residue.
在甜瓜种植区基本上实行常规耕作。虽然传统耕作对环境有破坏性影响，但对农业生态系统的健康和作物生产也有许多负面影响。然而，很少有实验和数据研究不同耕作方式下甜瓜作物的功能差异(生长、产量和产量成分)。通过田间试验，研究了2019年生长季残茬与耕作方式对甜瓜生长分析、产量及产量构成因素的交互效应。本研究的耕作处理包括常规耕作(CT);犁耕+两道盘耙)、免耕(NT)和少耕(MT);一遍磁盘耙)和。残留处理为0%、30%和60%。各处理的产量、产量组成包括单株果重(FWPP)、单株果数(NFPP)、直径(D)、长度(L)、糖(S)、辐射利用效率(RUE)和水分利用效率(WUE)。结果表明，不同耕作方式对产量和产量构成因素影响显著(P≤0.05)。方差分析结果表明，不同耕作方式对产量、FWPP、NFPP、D、L、S和RUE影响显著，对产量、FWPP、NFPP、D、L和S影响显著。结果显示，该品种的最大FWPP (2.678kg)、NFPP (6.799 kg)、D (18.49cm)、L (45.93cm)、S(12.51%)和RUE(2.470)产量为16.17 t / ha -1。30%秸秆可获得最高的FWPP(2.192)、NFPP(5.353)、D(16.66)、L(39.52)和产量(12.83 t ha -1)。另一方面，CT30%可获得最大FWPP(2.850)、NFPP(6.790)、D(20.71)、L(53.53)和产量(17.09 t ha -1)。因此，在温带寒气区，采用板犁后翻耙两道，残率30%的耕作方式和残率是提高甜瓜产量的较适宜和有利的耕作方式。保护性耕作处理几乎所有的生长指标都是最优的，特别是30%残茬处理。
{"title":"Interactive Effects of Residue and Tillage Methods on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Melon","authors":"Ehsan Neamatollahi, M. Akbari, R. Afshari, Mohammad Alizadeh Noughani","doi":"10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2968","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional tillage is practiced substantialy in melon growing areas. Although conventional tillage has destructive effects on the environment, it also has many negative effects on the health of agroecosystems and crop production. However, very few experiments and data have been conducted to investigate the functional differences (growth, yield and yield components) of melon crop under different tillage methods. Field experiments were accomplished to research the interactive effect of residue and tillage methods on growth analysis, yield and yield components of melon during the 2019 growing season. Tillage treatments in this research included were conventional tillage (CT; moldboard ploughing + two passes of disk harrowing), no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT; one pass of disk harrowing) and. Residue treatments were included 0%, 30% and 60%. Yield, yield components included fruit weight per plant (FWPP), the number of fruit per plant (NFPP), diameter (D), length (L), sugar (S), radiation use efficiency (RUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were obtained for all treatments. Results showed that tillage methods significantly (P≤0.05) influenced the yield and yield components. Analysis of variance results showed that yield, FWPP, NFPP, D, L, S and RUE were significantly under the different tillage methods, moreover yield, FWPP, NFPP, D, L and S were significantly under the different residue percentage and interactive effect of tillage and residue. The maximum FWPP (2.678kg), NFPP (6.799), D (18.49cm), L (45.93cm), S (12.51%) and RUE (2.470) as a result yield (16.17 t ha -1 ) were observed with the CT. Also, maximum FWPP (2.192), NFPP (5.353), D (16.66), L (39.52) and yield (12.83 t ha -1 ) were obtained from 30% residue. On the other hand, maximum FWPP (2.850), NFPP (6.790), D (20.71), L (53.53) and yield (17.09 t ha -1 ) from CT30% were obtained. Therefore, moldboard ploughing followed by two passes of disk harrow with 30% residue were found to be more appropriate and profitable tillage method and residue percentage in improving the yield of melon in the temperate cold climatic zone. Almost all of the growth indicators were optimum for conservation tillage treatments, especially with 30% residue.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44312865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2751
Jemima Japakumar, Rosazlin Abdullah, N. Rosli
Soil quality and fertility deterioration due to the development in urban areas can cause a significant limitation on the yield and sustainability of crops. A field study was done to investigate the effects of biochar and compost application on soil properties and growth performance of Amaranthus sp. grown at urban community garden in Taman Seri Sentosa, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur. The study was organized using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments are T1 (soil only as a control), T2 (soil+fertilizer), T3 (soil+ fertilizer +biochar), T4 (soil+ fertilizer+compost) and T5 (soil+fertilizer+biochar+compost). In this study, the treatment which consists of both biochar and compost gave the significant increases and highest reading of plant height (50.40 cm), number of leaves (18), plant leaves width (91.61 mm), chlorophyll content (34.3 μmol/m2), plant fresh weight (1.51 kg), dry weight (11.42 g), soil organic matter (10.25%) and soil organic carbon content (5.95%) compared to other treatments. As a conclusion, the combination biochar and compost give the best effects in enhancing the soil properties and growth performance of Amaranthus sp. grown at urban community garden.
{"title":"Effects of Biochar and Compost Applications on Soil Properties and Growth Performance of Amaranthus sp. Grown at Urban Community Garden","authors":"Jemima Japakumar, Rosazlin Abdullah, N. Rosli","doi":"10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.2751","url":null,"abstract":"Soil quality and fertility deterioration due to the development in urban areas can cause a significant limitation on the yield and sustainability of crops. A field study was done to investigate the effects of biochar and compost application on soil properties and growth performance of Amaranthus sp. grown at urban community garden in Taman Seri Sentosa, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur. The study was organized using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments are T1 (soil only as a control), T2 (soil+fertilizer), T3 (soil+ fertilizer +biochar), T4 (soil+ fertilizer+compost) and T5 (soil+fertilizer+biochar+compost). In this study, the treatment which consists of both biochar and compost gave the significant increases and highest reading of plant height (50.40 cm), number of leaves (18), plant leaves width (91.61 mm), chlorophyll content (34.3 μmol/m2), plant fresh weight (1.51 kg), dry weight (11.42 g), soil organic matter (10.25%) and soil organic carbon content (5.95%) compared to other treatments. As a conclusion, the combination biochar and compost give the best effects in enhancing the soil properties and growth performance of Amaranthus sp. grown at urban community garden.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.3018
Maria Khurshid, Munir Ahmad
Grain hardness is an imperative attribute that determines the end-use quality of wheat. Variation in grain hardness is usually controlled by Puroindoline (pin-a and pin-b) genes located on the 5D chromosome. The study was aimed to reveal different mutations in Puroindoline genes utilizing the STS-marker approach and their association with important quality attributes in 100 hexaploid wheat genotypes (96 from Pakistan and 4 from CIMMYT). Overall, seven puroidoline genes were identified. Among them Pina-d1b(null) (85%) was most common while Pinb-d1i (1%) and Pinb-d1ab (1%) were most rare gene. Out of 100 genotypes, 97 had hard texture either with single or double mutant pin-genes, while three had a soft texture with wild type (Pinad1a/Pinb-d1a) pin-genes. All four quality attributes revealed a vast deviation among germplasm, while their correlation analysis revealed the highest association (r=0.71) between thousand-grain weight and protein content. In addition, three out of four quality traits, i.e. thousandgrain weight, SDS-sedimentation value and protein content, showed the highest mean values for double mutant (Pina-d1b/Pinb-d1b) followed by single mutant, i.e. Pina-d1b. The present study facilitates breeders for varietal selection (hard or soft) according to end-use quality and offers valuable information for improving wheat quality.
{"title":"Prevalence of Puroindoline Genes and Their Impact on Quality Traits in A Diverse Germplasm of Wheat Genotypes","authors":"Maria Khurshid, Munir Ahmad","doi":"10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.3018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17503/AGRIVITA.V43I3.3018","url":null,"abstract":"Grain hardness is an imperative attribute that determines the end-use quality of wheat. Variation in grain hardness is usually controlled by Puroindoline (pin-a and pin-b) genes located on the 5D chromosome. The study was aimed to reveal different mutations in Puroindoline genes utilizing the STS-marker approach and their association with important quality attributes in 100 hexaploid wheat genotypes (96 from Pakistan and 4 from CIMMYT). Overall, seven puroidoline genes were identified. Among them Pina-d1b(null) (85%) was most common while Pinb-d1i (1%) and Pinb-d1ab (1%) were most rare gene. Out of 100 genotypes, 97 had hard texture either with single or double mutant pin-genes, while three had a soft texture with wild type (Pinad1a/Pinb-d1a) pin-genes. All four quality attributes revealed a vast deviation among germplasm, while their correlation analysis revealed the highest association (r=0.71) between thousand-grain weight and protein content. In addition, three out of four quality traits, i.e. thousandgrain weight, SDS-sedimentation value and protein content, showed the highest mean values for double mutant (Pina-d1b/Pinb-d1b) followed by single mutant, i.e. Pina-d1b. The present study facilitates breeders for varietal selection (hard or soft) according to end-use quality and offers valuable information for improving wheat quality.","PeriodicalId":44658,"journal":{"name":"Agrivita","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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