Dr.Mohammad Roshan, M. Ghasemi, mohamadreza farhang
This paper purports to analyze the effects of Mahr on marital behavior and some important intra-family decisions by appl-ying microeconomic tools. Theoretical an-alyses imply that an increase in Mahr increases the implicit price of marriage, and it would decrease demand for marriage and thereby increase demand for marriage substitutes. An increase in Mahr would increase the net expected benefit of fertility for the husband and would decline it for the wife. It creates divergent incentives for fertility in the family that might decrease it. Due to the contradictory incentives of wife and husband, the final effect of Mahr on the divorce is not theoretically predictable. However, it seems that if the wife is not inclined to exchange part or whole of her Mahr for divorce and custody rights (which are given to the husband by default), then domestic violence might increase in the divorce process.
{"title":"An Economic Analysis of Mahr","authors":"Dr.Mohammad Roshan, M. Ghasemi, mohamadreza farhang","doi":"10.52547/jfr.18.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jfr.18.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper purports to analyze the effects of Mahr on marital behavior and some important intra-family decisions by appl-ying microeconomic tools. Theoretical an-alyses imply that an increase in Mahr increases the implicit price of marriage, and it would decrease demand for marriage and thereby increase demand for marriage substitutes. An increase in Mahr would increase the net expected benefit of fertility for the husband and would decline it for the wife. It creates divergent incentives for fertility in the family that might decrease it. Due to the contradictory incentives of wife and husband, the final effect of Mahr on the divorce is not theoretically predictable. However, it seems that if the wife is not inclined to exchange part or whole of her Mahr for divorce and custody rights (which are given to the husband by default), then domestic violence might increase in the divorce process.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91263897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamran Sheivandi Cholicheh, Z. Nafar, Zahra Ghalami
The purpose of this study is to explain model of coronavirus anxiety based on parental distress, Hope for the future and obsessive behaviors mediated by fear of death. This study is applied in terms of purpose and the method of data collection was descriptive correlation. Snyder Hope Questionnaire (1991), Researcher-Made Obsessive Behaviors Questionnaire, and Templer Fear of Death Questionnaire (1970). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis using SPSS and AMOS software. Results showed that modified research model is a good fit after removing the variable of future hope (GFI=0.99). Obsessive behaviors have a significant direct and indirect effect on coronavirusanxiety (p<0.01). Parental distress also has a significant indirect effect on corona anxiety (p<0.05). Consi-dering the relationship between coronavirus anxiety with obsessive behaviors and parental distress, interventions for parents during and post-corona outbreaks with the aim of reducing psychological harm is essential.
{"title":"Developing the Coronavirus Anxiety Model Based on Parental Distress, Hope for the Future, and Obsessive Behaviors Mediated by Fear of Death","authors":"Kamran Sheivandi Cholicheh, Z. Nafar, Zahra Ghalami","doi":"10.52547/jfr.18.1.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jfr.18.1.155","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to explain model of coronavirus anxiety based on parental distress, Hope for the future and obsessive behaviors mediated by fear of death. This study is applied in terms of purpose and the method of data collection was descriptive correlation. Snyder Hope Questionnaire (1991), Researcher-Made Obsessive Behaviors Questionnaire, and Templer Fear of Death Questionnaire (1970). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis using SPSS and AMOS software. Results showed that modified research model is a good fit after removing the variable of future hope (GFI=0.99). Obsessive behaviors have a significant direct and indirect effect on coronavirusanxiety (p<0.01). Parental distress also has a significant indirect effect on corona anxiety (p<0.05). Consi-dering the relationship between coronavirus anxiety with obsessive behaviors and parental distress, interventions for parents during and post-corona outbreaks with the aim of reducing psychological harm is essential.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81706226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive structures form one’s appraisals of their relationships. Spouse's family play an important role in the quality of marital relationships in Iran. The present study examines some of these cognitions, name-ly the standards from the perspective of Iranian parents about the desired in-law, with the approach of interpretive phenomenology. characteristics and desirable individual capabilities. Reasons for standards include facilitating a good relationship between the spouse and the child, facilitating a good relationship between the family and the spouse, and between the grandchild and the spouse.The way parents' standards refer to themes are dual strategies of fulfilling standards before marriage and dual strategies of responding to non-fulfillment of standards after marriage. The essence of standards is maintaining family Period.
{"title":"Iranian Parents’ Standards for Desirable Child-in-law","authors":"Roya Montazeri, M. Cheraghi, Hajar Fallahzadeh","doi":"10.52547/jfr.18.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jfr.18.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive structures form one’s appraisals of their relationships. Spouse's family play an important role in the quality of marital relationships in Iran. The present study examines some of these cognitions, name-ly the standards from the perspective of Iranian parents about the desired in-law, with the approach of interpretive phenomenology. characteristics and desirable individual capabilities. Reasons for standards include facilitating a good relationship between the spouse and the child, facilitating a good relationship between the family and the spouse, and between the grandchild and the spouse.The way parents' standards refer to themes are dual strategies of fulfilling standards before marriage and dual strategies of responding to non-fulfillment of standards after marriage. The essence of standards is maintaining family Period.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87801316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research Is to predict Internet addiction based on parental affection and social skills considering the mediating role of loneliness in ninth grade students in Yazd. The population of the research included all ninth grade students in Yazd in the academic year of 2018. loneliness was not significant. Also, internet addiction and loneliness in boys were significantly higher than girls and social skills in girls were significantly higher than boys, but no significant differ-ence was observed between girls and boys in parental affection. Therefore, through parental affection and increasing social skills, as well as mitigating students' sense of loneliness, Internet addiction can be prevented to some extent.
{"title":"The Prediction of Internet Addiction Based on Parental Affection and Social Skills, The Mediating Role of Loneliness in Ninth Grade Students in Yazd","authors":"H. Zareei, mina yektafar, S. Asadi","doi":"10.52547/jfr.18.1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jfr.18.1.121","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research Is to predict Internet addiction based on parental affection and social skills considering the mediating role of loneliness in ninth grade students in Yazd. The population of the research included all ninth grade students in Yazd in the academic year of 2018. loneliness was not significant. Also, internet addiction and loneliness in boys were significantly higher than girls and social skills in girls were significantly higher than boys, but no significant differ-ence was observed between girls and boys in parental affection. Therefore, through parental affection and increasing social skills, as well as mitigating students' sense of loneliness, Internet addiction can be prevented to some extent.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82391955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Having a family member with a chronic illness affects relationships, roles, hierar-chies, and the family system in general, and challenges the family to manage and adapt to the new circumstances. The pur-pose of this review of the research literat-ure is to identify the issues that the family faces in managing a member's chronic illness. For this purpose, a systematic review was conducted to review articles public- of Library, and studies were selected and reviewed. The results showed that thestudies enumerated the specific issues of chronic illness manage-ment in the family, in the form of several topics, which are: motivation of family members in patient care, the effects of the illness on the family, family needs in the face of chronic illness and how to cope with chronic illness. Awareness of these issues will help professionals provide support and design appropriate interve-ntions for these families and guide future research.
{"title":"Managing Chronic Illness in the Family: A Systematic Review","authors":"Fatemeh Madani, Fariba Zarani","doi":"10.52547/jfr.18.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jfr.18.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"Having a family member with a chronic illness affects relationships, roles, hierar-chies, and the family system in general, and challenges the family to manage and adapt to the new circumstances. The pur-pose of this review of the research literat-ure is to identify the issues that the family faces in managing a member's chronic illness. For this purpose, a systematic review was conducted to review articles public- of Library, and studies were selected and reviewed. The results showed that thestudies enumerated the specific issues of chronic illness manage-ment in the family, in the form of several topics, which are: motivation of family members in patient care, the effects of the illness on the family, family needs in the face of chronic illness and how to cope with chronic illness. Awareness of these issues will help professionals provide support and design appropriate interve-ntions for these families and guide future research.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85967332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is aims to present the causal model of the effect of perceptions of parenting styles on motivational orientations with regard to the mediating role of the function of thinking styles. The research method was correlation of the path type analysis. 352 people were selected by stra-tified random sampling from undergrad-duate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, who answered the question-aires of Baumrind parenting styles, Sternberg and Wagner thinking styles and the academic motivation scale of Vallerand et al. and negative effect on internal motivation, respectively; but authoritarian style had no direct effect on intrinsic motivation. Parenting styles did not have a direct effect on external motivation;but among parenting styles, only authoritarian style had a positive effect on amotivation. Executive thinking style had a positive and significant effect on internal and external motivation. Authoritative parenting style mediated by executive thinking style can increase students' internal and external academic motivation. Therefore, the tendency of families to have an authoritative educational style influences the choice of children's thinking style and internalization of academic motivation.
{"title":"Modeling the Mediating Effects of the Function of Thinking Styles in Causal Relationship Perceptions of Parenting Styles and Motivational Orientations","authors":"Houshang Garavand","doi":"10.52547/jfr.18.1.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jfr.18.1.97","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aims to present the causal model of the effect of perceptions of parenting styles on motivational orientations with regard to the mediating role of the function of thinking styles. The research method was correlation of the path type analysis. 352 people were selected by stra-tified random sampling from undergrad-duate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, who answered the question-aires of Baumrind parenting styles, Sternberg and Wagner thinking styles and the academic motivation scale of Vallerand et al. and negative effect on internal motivation, respectively; but authoritarian style had no direct effect on intrinsic motivation. Parenting styles did not have a direct effect on external motivation;but among parenting styles, only authoritarian style had a positive effect on amotivation. Executive thinking style had a positive and significant effect on internal and external motivation. Authoritative parenting style mediated by executive thinking style can increase students' internal and external academic motivation. Therefore, the tendency of families to have an authoritative educational style influences the choice of children's thinking style and internalization of academic motivation.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91246925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to determine the relationship and predictive contribution of sense of meaning in life and sense of coherence in post-traumatic growth in re- included all patients with coronary heart disease (5000 people) in Ilam city who were discharged from Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Region 4 (Ilam). The sample of this study was determined based on the number of statistical population; in this way, first the population size was determined and then according to Morgan table, the sample size (350 people) was calculated and 198 were male and 152 were female.The sampling method was random. Data were collected based on the Meaning of Life Questionnaire by Estger and Oishi (2004), the Antonovsky Cohe-rence Questionnaire (1993) and the Tede-schi Vacalon PostTraumatic Developm-ent Questionnaire (1996). The results showed that the sense of meaning in life and the sense of cohesion significantly predict posttraumatic growth. This means that the higher the sense of meaning in life and the sense of cohesion in those who have recovered from COVID-19, the more post-traumatic growth they experienced (p<0.05). Based on these results, it can be said that strengthening the sense of meaning in life and the sense of cohesion in people with coronavirus can be considered as an important item for the possibility of tolerating this disease, as well as changes and positive growth after it.
{"title":"Determining the Relationship and Predictive Role of Sense of Meaning in Life and Sense of Coherence in Post-Traumatic Growth in Recovered Married People from Coronavirus in Ilam","authors":"Ebrahim Shirvani, Sedihjeh Dolatyari, Emad Yousefi, Leila Khajehpour","doi":"10.52547/jfr.18.1.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jfr.18.1.177","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the relationship and predictive contribution of sense of meaning in life and sense of coherence in post-traumatic growth in re- included all patients with coronary heart disease (5000 people) in Ilam city who were discharged from Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Region 4 (Ilam). The sample of this study was determined based on the number of statistical population; in this way, first the population size was determined and then according to Morgan table, the sample size (350 people) was calculated and 198 were male and 152 were female.The sampling method was random. Data were collected based on the Meaning of Life Questionnaire by Estger and Oishi (2004), the Antonovsky Cohe-rence Questionnaire (1993) and the Tede-schi Vacalon PostTraumatic Developm-ent Questionnaire (1996). The results showed that the sense of meaning in life and the sense of cohesion significantly predict posttraumatic growth. This means that the higher the sense of meaning in life and the sense of cohesion in those who have recovered from COVID-19, the more post-traumatic growth they experienced (p<0.05). Based on these results, it can be said that strengthening the sense of meaning in life and the sense of cohesion in people with coronavirus can be considered as an important item for the possibility of tolerating this disease, as well as changes and positive growth after it.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86973805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of marital life enrichment training based on two approaches of choice theory and Guttman on forgiveness in women in marital life. The study population consisted of married women with marital problems who were referred ،بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يرﻮﺌﺗ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﯾﻮﺷﺎﻧز ﯽﮔﺪﻧز رد to Tasnim Counseling Center in Shoush in 2019, from which 60 people were selected by available sampling method and ran-domly assigned to three equal groups. The first group received 9 sessions of marital enrichment based on choice theory and the second group 8 sessions of marital enrichment based on Gottman theory. the control group completed the forgivenessquesti-onnaire in both pre-test and post-test stages and did not conduct any training. Subjects completed the Ray’s forgiveness questionnaire in the pre-test and post-test stages. For data analysis, repeated mea-sures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The findings showed that marital enrichment based on choice theory is more effective. Also, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the effectiveness of marital enrichment training of both methods is effective on forgiveness and the choice theory has a higher durability.
{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Marital Life Enrichment Training based on Choice Theory and Gottman Theory on Forgiveness in Women's Marital Life","authors":"M. Shahbazi, M. Mansori, S. Z. Alavi","doi":"10.52547/jfr.18.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jfr.18.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of marital life enrichment training based on two approaches of choice theory and Guttman on forgiveness in women in marital life. The study population consisted of married women with marital problems who were referred ،بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يرﻮﺌﺗ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﯾﻮﺷﺎﻧز ﯽﮔﺪﻧز رد to Tasnim Counseling Center in Shoush in 2019, from which 60 people were selected by available sampling method and ran-domly assigned to three equal groups. The first group received 9 sessions of marital enrichment based on choice theory and the second group 8 sessions of marital enrichment based on Gottman theory. the control group completed the forgivenessquesti-onnaire in both pre-test and post-test stages and did not conduct any training. Subjects completed the Ray’s forgiveness questionnaire in the pre-test and post-test stages. For data analysis, repeated mea-sures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The findings showed that marital enrichment based on choice theory is more effective. Also, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the effectiveness of marital enrichment training of both methods is effective on forgiveness and the choice theory has a higher durability.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88581521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This paper explores the role of parental leave for gendered career patterns in individualized, competitive labor markets in Norway, a culturally and politically family-friendly and gender-equal society. Background: Despite family-friendly policies and little prejudice against mothers, there is a significant gap in wages and careers between mothers and fathers in Norway. This is particularly true in individualized, competitive parts of the labor market, such as finance banking. To understand this pattern, we must examine the institutionalized rules of the game in which portfolio workers, with individual responsibility for their portfolio of clients, operate. Method: Drawing on in-depth interviews with 30 women and men working in Norwegian business banking, we analyze accounts of parental leave practices and how these bankers navigate the market conditions. Results: The analyses show how the market structure for finance banking and portfolio careers limits family policies, changing parenthood norms, and firms’ goodwill. Fathers postpone, split, and adapt "leave" to fit clients' needs, thus sustaining their portfolio and career progress. In contrast, mothers, who typically take longer actual leave, give up clients and start from scratch upon return. Conclusion: Gendered use of parental leave within competitive market conditions leads to gendered career and wage patterns. More individualized competition in the wider labor market may increase inequality in parenting and careers, despite favorable cultural norms and policies, as long as public authorities, firms, and families accept individualized logics and gender-unequal practices of parental leave.
{"title":"Parental leave vs. competition for clients: Motherhood penalty in competitive work environments","authors":"Sigtona Halrynjo, Marte Mangset","doi":"10.20377/jfr-751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-751","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This paper explores the role of parental leave for gendered career patterns in individualized, competitive labor markets in Norway, a culturally and politically family-friendly and gender-equal society.\u0000Background: Despite family-friendly policies and little prejudice against mothers, there is a significant gap in wages and careers between mothers and fathers in Norway. This is particularly true in individualized, competitive parts of the labor market, such as finance banking. To understand this pattern, we must examine the institutionalized rules of the game in which portfolio workers, with individual responsibility for their portfolio of clients, operate.\u0000Method: Drawing on in-depth interviews with 30 women and men working in Norwegian business banking, we analyze accounts of parental leave practices and how these bankers navigate the market conditions.\u0000Results: The analyses show how the market structure for finance banking and portfolio careers limits family policies, changing parenthood norms, and firms’ goodwill. Fathers postpone, split, and adapt \"leave\" to fit clients' needs, thus sustaining their portfolio and career progress. In contrast, mothers, who typically take longer actual leave, give up clients and start from scratch upon return.\u0000Conclusion: Gendered use of parental leave within competitive market conditions leads to gendered career and wage patterns. More individualized competition in the wider labor market may increase inequality in parenting and careers, despite favorable cultural norms and policies, as long as public authorities, firms, and families accept individualized logics and gender-unequal practices of parental leave.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79972311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study investigates associations between work-to-family conflict and parenting practices among lone and partnered working mothers and the role of working from home as a potential resource gain or drain for acting empathetically and supportively towards their children. Background: Emerging evidence suggests that work-to-family conflict reduces responsive parenting practices, yet prior studies have rarely examined disparities by family structure. Although working from home has recently gained in importance in the workforce, there is still little research on its implications for the relationship between work-to-family conflict and the quality of parenting practices. If working from home is not used to do supplemental work during overtime hours, it may free up mothers’ time and emotional resources. In turn, this may either buffer the harmful impact of work-to-family conflict on parenting practices or indirectly enhance the quality of parenting practices by reducing work-to-family conflict. This could be particularly beneficial for lone mothers, who experience more role and time strain. Method: Analyses were based on 1,723 working mothers and their reports on 2,820 schoolchildren drawn from a German probability sample that was collected in 2019 (i.e., before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic). Using OLS regression models, we first examined whether work-to-family conflict was associated with four dimensions of verbal parenting practices (i.e., responsive and hostile communication, responsive decision-making, and school involvement at home). Second, we conducted moderation analyses to test differences by working from home (within contract hours and for supplemental work) and family structure with two-way and three-way interactions. Third, we performed mediation analyses to examine the indirect effect of working from home on each parenting dimension mediated by work-to-family conflict. Results: Higher levels of work-to-family conflict were associated with less responsive and more hostile parenting practices. The moderation analyses did not indicate a buffering effect of working from home. Instead, the mediation analyses showed that compared to mothers who worked from home within their contract hours, those who did not work from home or who did supplemental work from home tended to report less empathic parenting practices transmitted through higher levels of work-to-family conflict. Results showed no significant associations for mothers’ school involvement at home. Furthermore, no major differences emerged between lone and partnered mothers. Conclusion: Our pre-pandemic results challenge the buffering hypothesis and suggest that working from home can be either a resource gain or drain for the mother-child relationship regardless of family structure, but depending on mothers’ opportunity to work from home within the scope of contract hours.
{"title":"Work-to-family conflict and parenting practices: Examining the role of working from home among lone and partnered working mothers","authors":"J. Bernhardt, C. Recksiedler","doi":"10.20377/jfr-709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-709","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study investigates associations between work-to-family conflict and parenting practices among lone and partnered working mothers and the role of working from home as a potential resource gain or drain for acting empathetically and supportively towards their children.\u0000Background: Emerging evidence suggests that work-to-family conflict reduces responsive parenting practices, yet prior studies have rarely examined disparities by family structure. Although working from home has recently gained in importance in the workforce, there is still little research on its implications for the relationship between work-to-family conflict and the quality of parenting practices. If working from home is not used to do supplemental work during overtime hours, it may free up mothers’ time and emotional resources. In turn, this may either buffer the harmful impact of work-to-family conflict on parenting practices or indirectly enhance the quality of parenting practices by reducing work-to-family conflict. This could be particularly beneficial for lone mothers, who experience more role and time strain.\u0000Method: Analyses were based on 1,723 working mothers and their reports on 2,820 schoolchildren drawn from a German probability sample that was collected in 2019 (i.e., before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic). Using OLS regression models, we first examined whether work-to-family conflict was associated with four dimensions of verbal parenting practices (i.e., responsive and hostile communication, responsive decision-making, and school involvement at home). Second, we conducted moderation analyses to test differences by working from home (within contract hours and for supplemental work) and family structure with two-way and three-way interactions. Third, we performed mediation analyses to examine the indirect effect of working from home on each parenting dimension mediated by work-to-family conflict.\u0000Results: Higher levels of work-to-family conflict were associated with less responsive and more hostile parenting practices. The moderation analyses did not indicate a buffering effect of working from home. Instead, the mediation analyses showed that compared to mothers who worked from home within their contract hours, those who did not work from home or who did supplemental work from home tended to report less empathic parenting practices transmitted through higher levels of work-to-family conflict. Results showed no significant associations for mothers’ school involvement at home. Furthermore, no major differences emerged between lone and partnered mothers.\u0000Conclusion: Our pre-pandemic results challenge the buffering hypothesis and suggest that working from home can be either a resource gain or drain for the mother-child relationship regardless of family structure, but depending on mothers’ opportunity to work from home within the scope of contract hours.","PeriodicalId":44669,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrifte Fur Familienforschung-Journal of Family Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79649274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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