Seyed Hossein Abrehdari, Jon Karapetyan, H. Rahimi, E. Geodakyan
In order to better understand the regional tectonic activities of the continent-continent ongoing collision-compressed edge zone of the Eurasian-Arabic plates, 2D tomography maps of the Caucasus territory using the Rayleigh waves were generated. The 2D tomography images of this study, illustrate the large variety in surface wave propagation velocity in different complex geologic units of the Caucasus. To draw the 2D tomography maps, we accomplished a 2D-linear inversion procedure on the Rayleigh wave dispersion curves for the periods of 5 to 70 s (depth= ~180 km). To conduct this, local-regional data from ~1300 earthquakes (M≥3.9) recorded by the 49 broadband stations from 1999 to 2018 in a wide area with complicated tectonic units were used. In comparison with results of previous studies in Caucasus, the tomography maps for the long-periods (T= 50-70 s; depth ~180 km) are more influenced by the velocity structure of the uppermost mantle which demonstrate the ultralow and ultrahigh-velocity anomalies. The results for the medium-periods (30≤T≤45 s), the low-velocity zones coincide with areas thought to be correlated with underplating of the lower crust (e.g. shallow LAB), while, the high-velocity zones are usually demonstrating the presence of a normal continental crust over a stable and thick or oceanic-like lid. Short-periods (5≤T≤25 s) are more influenced by the ever-evolving deformations of the geological units, sedimentary basins, volcanic complexes, uplifts, and reveals a low-velocity small zone, on the NW slope of the Aragats volcano (depth= ~7 km), which is different from the results of other studies.
{"title":"Tectonic Activities Description in the Ongoing Collision Zone of the Eurasia-Arabia Plates Using 2D Surface Waves Tomography","authors":"Seyed Hossein Abrehdari, Jon Karapetyan, H. Rahimi, E. Geodakyan","doi":"10.2205/2023es000835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000835","url":null,"abstract":"In order to better understand the regional tectonic activities of the continent-continent ongoing collision-compressed edge zone of the Eurasian-Arabic plates, 2D tomography maps of the Caucasus territory using the Rayleigh waves were generated. The 2D tomography images of this study, illustrate the large variety in surface wave propagation velocity in different complex geologic units of the Caucasus. To draw the 2D tomography maps, we accomplished a 2D-linear inversion procedure on the Rayleigh wave dispersion curves for the periods of 5 to 70 s (depth= ~180 km). To conduct this, local-regional data from ~1300 earthquakes (M≥3.9) recorded by the 49 broadband stations from 1999 to 2018 in a wide area with complicated tectonic units were used. In comparison with results of previous studies in Caucasus, the tomography maps for the long-periods (T= 50-70 s; depth ~180 km) are more influenced by the velocity structure of the uppermost mantle which demonstrate the ultralow and ultrahigh-velocity anomalies. The results for the medium-periods (30≤T≤45 s), the low-velocity zones coincide with areas thought to be correlated with underplating of the lower crust (e.g. shallow LAB), while, the high-velocity zones are usually demonstrating the presence of a normal continental crust over a stable and thick or oceanic-like lid. Short-periods (5≤T≤25 s) are more influenced by the ever-evolving deformations of the geological units, sedimentary basins, volcanic complexes, uplifts, and reveals a low-velocity small zone, on the NW slope of the Aragats volcano (depth= ~7 km), which is different from the results of other studies.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78450760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The enormous development of the technology of raw material extraction drives the economic companies and technicians to make efforts to meet the needs of consumers. These efforts directly influence the nature, creating voids or cavities in the soil and subsoil inducing a structure disturbance and subsequently giving damages. A landslide of the Kef Essenoun phosphate deposit occurred in 2007 when large mass of rocks detached caused a number of undesired and negative effects. To analyze this deformation, a two-dimensional (2D) electrical tomography with the Wenner and Schlumberger device was deployed, using equipment of Syscal Pro 48 type for the implementation of an electrical profile, through a transect length of 140 m with electrode spacing of 3m and a depth of investigation that measures 32 m to the center. Data processing was carried using out RES2DINV software and the results allowed to map visible cracks of a high resistivity value of 890 Ωm as well as low values of 6 Ωm for marls and clays. In addition, phenomena have been evidenced due to tectonic (rough terrain) on one side and sliding on the other.
原料提取技术的巨大发展促使经济企业和技术人员努力满足消费者的需求。这些努力直接影响自然，在土壤和底土中产生空洞或空腔，引起结构扰动，随后造成损害。2007年，Kef Essenoun磷矿发生了山体滑坡，当时大量岩石脱落，造成了许多不希望的负面影响。为了分析这种变形，使用了Wenner和斯伦贝谢的设备进行二维(2D)电断层扫描，使用Syscal Pro 48型设备实现电剖面，穿过140米的样条，电极间距为3米，调查深度为32米到中心。利用RES2DINV软件对数据进行处理，得到了泥灰岩和粘土的高电阻率值890 Ωm和低电阻率值6 Ωm的可见裂缝图。此外，由于一侧是构造(崎岖地形)，另一侧是滑动，已经证明了这种现象。
{"title":"Application of electrical tomography technique for landside investigation: Case of the Kef Essenoun phosphate deposit, Djebel Onk (Northeastern Algeria)","authors":"Saadaoui Salah, N. Ismail, Djouama Mohamed Cherif","doi":"10.2205/2023es000830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000830","url":null,"abstract":"The enormous development of the technology of raw material extraction drives the economic companies and technicians to make efforts to meet the needs of consumers. These efforts directly influence the nature, creating voids or cavities in the soil and subsoil inducing a structure disturbance and subsequently giving damages. A landslide of the Kef Essenoun phosphate deposit occurred in 2007 when large mass of rocks detached caused a number of undesired and negative effects. To analyze this deformation, a two-dimensional (2D) electrical tomography with the Wenner and Schlumberger device was deployed, using equipment of Syscal Pro 48 type for the implementation of an electrical profile, through a transect length of 140 m with electrode spacing of 3m and a depth of investigation that measures 32 m to the center. Data processing was carried using out RES2DINV software and the results allowed to map visible cracks of a high resistivity value of 890 Ωm as well as low values of 6 Ωm for marls and clays. In addition, phenomena have been evidenced due to tectonic (rough terrain) on one side and sliding on the other.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85030538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analytical mathematical model is presented that describes one of the possible mechanisms for the occurrence of long-period seismic events that are often recorded near active volcanic centers. The feeding system of the volcano is modeled in the simplest form of a cylindrical channel filled with a compressible magmatic melt with the rheology of a Maxwell body. It is shown that such a magmatic body can experience harmonic damped oscillations, the damping coefficient of which is determined by the relaxation time of the magmatic melt. These fluctuations may appear as a response to a density perturbation caused by the influx of denser magma from deep layers or a change in pressure in the supply system of the volcano. The dependence of the natural oscillatory frequency on the physical characteristics of the magmatic melt and the geometric dimensions of the feed channel is shown. When the compressibility of the magmatic melt is taken into account, density perturbations depend on the size of the feeding system and are characterized by periodic oscillations, which are most pronounced near the channel axis. Oscillations are also experienced by the flow velocity component directed along the radius of the cylinder. The source mechanism of the long-period seismic events is discussed. The model is used to describe long-period oscillations recorded near Santiaguito (Guatemala).
{"title":"Analytical model of small fluctuations of compressible magma with Maxwell rheology in the feeding system of a volcano. Part 1. Density oscillations","authors":"A. Radionoff","doi":"10.2205/2023es000845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000845","url":null,"abstract":"The analytical mathematical model is presented that describes one of the possible mechanisms for the occurrence of long-period seismic events that are often recorded near active volcanic centers. The feeding system of the volcano is modeled in the simplest form of a cylindrical channel filled with a compressible magmatic melt with the rheology of a Maxwell body. It is shown that such a magmatic body can experience harmonic damped oscillations, the damping coefficient of which is determined by the relaxation time of the magmatic melt. These fluctuations may appear as a response to a density perturbation caused by the influx of denser magma from deep layers or a change in pressure in the supply system of the volcano. The dependence of the natural oscillatory frequency on the physical characteristics of the magmatic melt and the geometric dimensions of the feed channel is shown. When the compressibility of the magmatic melt is taken into account, density perturbations depend on the size of the feeding system and are characterized by periodic oscillations, which are most pronounced near the channel axis. Oscillations are also experienced by the flow velocity component directed along the radius of the cylinder. The source mechanism of the long-period seismic events is discussed. The model is used to describe long-period oscillations recorded near Santiaguito (Guatemala).","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77088273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gatina, Marina Sarieva, Oxana Mukhutdinova, Andrey Popkov, Sergey Gavrilov
The Bazhenovo horizon of Western Siberia has traditionally been one of the objects most studied by geologists and geophysicists in recent decades in Russia. However, along with the more familiar "classical" structure, there are areas where gray-colored inclusions of sandy-silty-clayey deposits are present between the carbonate-clayey-siliceous rocks of the Bazhenovo Black Shales Formation. Such sections geologists call "anomalous". The paper describes the application of the spectral decomposition method for detailing the structure of anomalous sections zones of the Bazhenovo Formation or in another words Giant Sand injection Complex (GSIC) of the Ob river region. Combining the results of dynamic interpretation of 3D seismic data with well logging data for a vast fund of exploration and production wells made it possible to build a seismogeological model of the of the Ob river region GSIC in the Potochnaya area. The clue approach was tested on the Sporyshevskaya and Vyyntoyskaya, Vatinskaya areas, which were much less explored by drilling. The listed zones were formed at different geological times, belong to different regional clinoforms, but have common patterns of structure, which is reflected in the seismogeological model of the Ob river region GSIC. The model describes the distal and proximal parts of the intrusion, which were formed in the Neocomian time, when gravity-driven flows of sandy-silty material injected and spread inside high-bituminous Jurasic Bazhenovo formation Black Shales. Within the proximal part gravity-driven flows were accompanied by slumps of more clayey rocks. The dimensions of these flows and slumps, their location over the area are shown, their mapping in the 3D seismic data is discussed. In this work, we managed to get closer to solving the problem of predicting the development of sandy downward intrusions. There are oil reservoirs in the Ob river region GSIC, but they are insufficiently studied.
{"title":"Clues to seismic data interpretation within the zones of the sand injections in so called \"anomalous section\" of the Bazhenovo Black Shales formation on the examples of the Potochnaya, Sporyshevskaya, Vyintoiskaya and Vatinskaya zones","authors":"N. Gatina, Marina Sarieva, Oxana Mukhutdinova, Andrey Popkov, Sergey Gavrilov","doi":"10.2205/2023es000851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000851","url":null,"abstract":"The Bazhenovo horizon of Western Siberia has traditionally been one of the objects most studied by geologists and geophysicists in recent decades in Russia. However, along with the more familiar \"classical\" structure, there are areas where gray-colored inclusions of sandy-silty-clayey deposits are present between the carbonate-clayey-siliceous rocks of the Bazhenovo Black Shales Formation. Such sections geologists call \"anomalous\". The paper describes the application of the spectral decomposition method for detailing the structure of anomalous sections zones of the Bazhenovo Formation or in another words Giant Sand injection Complex (GSIC) of the Ob river region. Combining the results of dynamic interpretation of 3D seismic data with well logging data for a vast fund of exploration and production wells made it possible to build a seismogeological model of the of the Ob river region GSIC in the Potochnaya area. The clue approach was tested on the Sporyshevskaya and Vyyntoyskaya, Vatinskaya areas, which were much less explored by drilling. The listed zones were formed at different geological times, belong to different regional clinoforms, but have common patterns of structure, which is reflected in the seismogeological model of the Ob river region GSIC. The model describes the distal and proximal parts of the intrusion, which were formed in the Neocomian time, when gravity-driven flows of sandy-silty material injected and spread inside high-bituminous Jurasic Bazhenovo formation Black Shales. Within the proximal part gravity-driven flows were accompanied by slumps of more clayey rocks. The dimensions of these flows and slumps, their location over the area are shown, their mapping in the 3D seismic data is discussed. In this work, we managed to get closer to solving the problem of predicting the development of sandy downward intrusions. There are oil reservoirs in the Ob river region GSIC, but they are insufficiently studied.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77441839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Panchenko, M. Rogov, I. Sobolev, A. Latyshev, V. Zakharov
The age of tuffaceous interlayers, represented by tuffs and tuffites, which are common in the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits of Western Siberia (the Bazhenovo, Tutleim and Frolov Formations), is discussed. The nature of these interlayers is associated with the subglobal (transfer of more than 1--2 thousand km) spread of volcanic ash (0.001--0.1 mm) and its sedimentation and burial in a vast epicontinental marine basin during episodes of low sedimentation rates, weak hydrodynamic activity and in the absence of bioturbation. Despite the extremely low thickness of these pyroclastic layers (<1 mm -- first cm), they are systematically noted in the drill core at certain stratigraphic levels. Tuffs and tuffites are clearly recognized due to sharp boundaries and contrasting color and mineral composition comparing to the host rocks. Moreover, these layers often demonstrate exceptionally bright luminescence in yellow and orange tones in the ultraviolet. Some of these pyroclastic layers can be traced over a vast area (more than 700,000 sq km) and hence can be used as isochronous stratigraphic markers. Considering the importance of the information about the distal pyroclastics in sedimentary strata, we have summarized data on boreholes in Western Siberia, containing tuffs and tuffites in the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous. Detailed linking of interlayers by drilling depth and geophysical logging was performed. The findings of more than 370 tuff and tuffite interlayers in the core of 136 wells have been catalogued. The age of tuffaceous interlayers is justified by the combination of lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic methods, and geophysical logging. The key ammonite taxa recovered from tuff-bearing boreholes are figured. A brief description of the zones of the Ryazanian stage of Western Siberia and the principles of their identification are given. We suggest to replace the type index of the Surites analogus zone with S. subanalogus. The described sequence of tuffaceous interlayers is combined into 8 sub-regional pyroclastic levels traced throughout the central part of Western Siberia in the Middle Volgian (4 pyroclastic levels), Ryazanian (3 levels) and Lower Valanginian (1 level) intervals. The trace elements content composition of tuffaceous layers is characterized. The enrichment of rare earth elements in the direction from the oldest to the youngest interlayers ones was revealed, and the ratios Gd/Yb, Ho/Yb, Yb/Lu, Zr/Hf, Nd/Sm determine the stratigraphic correspondence of the tuffaceous interlayer to the subregional pyroclastic level. Our results can be used as a tephrostratigraphic scale for the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary beds. Catalog of finds of Upper Jurassic -- Lower Cretaceous tuffs and tuffites in the core of wells in Western Siberia [https://doi.org/10.2205/2022ES000817-data] in text format is available on the website of the Earth Sciences Database Repository (BDNS) [http://esdb.wdcb.ru/], located at the Geophysical Center
{"title":"Tephrostratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary beds of Western Siberia","authors":"I. Panchenko, M. Rogov, I. Sobolev, A. Latyshev, V. Zakharov","doi":"10.2205/2022es000817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es000817","url":null,"abstract":"The age of tuffaceous interlayers, represented by tuffs and tuffites, which are common in the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits of Western Siberia (the Bazhenovo, Tutleim and Frolov Formations), is discussed. The nature of these interlayers is associated with the subglobal (transfer of more than 1--2 thousand km) spread of volcanic ash (0.001--0.1 mm) and its sedimentation and burial in a vast epicontinental marine basin during episodes of low sedimentation rates, weak hydrodynamic activity and in the absence of bioturbation. Despite the extremely low thickness of these pyroclastic layers (<1 mm -- first cm), they are systematically noted in the drill core at certain stratigraphic levels. Tuffs and tuffites are clearly recognized due to sharp boundaries and contrasting color and mineral composition comparing to the host rocks. Moreover, these layers often demonstrate exceptionally bright luminescence in yellow and orange tones in the ultraviolet. Some of these pyroclastic layers can be traced over a vast area (more than 700,000 sq km) and hence can be used as isochronous stratigraphic markers. \u0000 Considering the importance of the information about the distal pyroclastics in sedimentary strata, we have summarized data on boreholes in Western Siberia, containing tuffs and tuffites in the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous. Detailed linking of interlayers by drilling depth and geophysical logging was performed. The findings of more than 370 tuff and tuffite interlayers in the core of 136 wells have been catalogued. The age of tuffaceous interlayers is justified by the combination of lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic methods, and geophysical logging. The key ammonite taxa recovered from tuff-bearing boreholes are figured. A brief description of the zones of the Ryazanian stage of Western Siberia and the principles of their identification are given. We suggest to replace the type index of the Surites analogus zone with S. subanalogus. The described sequence of tuffaceous interlayers is combined into 8 sub-regional pyroclastic levels traced throughout the central part of Western Siberia in the Middle Volgian (4 pyroclastic levels), Ryazanian (3 levels) and Lower Valanginian (1 level) intervals. The trace elements content composition of tuffaceous layers is characterized. The enrichment of rare earth elements in the direction from the oldest to the youngest interlayers ones was revealed, and the ratios Gd/Yb, Ho/Yb, Yb/Lu, Zr/Hf, Nd/Sm determine the stratigraphic correspondence of the tuffaceous interlayer to the subregional pyroclastic level. Our results can be used as a tephrostratigraphic scale for the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary beds. Catalog of finds of Upper Jurassic -- Lower Cretaceous tuffs and tuffites in the core of wells in Western Siberia [https://doi.org/10.2205/2022ES000817-data] in text format is available on the website of the Earth Sciences Database Repository (BDNS) [http://esdb.wdcb.ru/], located at the Geophysical Center ","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80930013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khusainova, S. Bortnikova, O. Gaskova, S. Volynkin, Y. Kalinin
The results of studies of the composition and form of secondary minerals Fe, Pb, Cu, formed under contrasting physico-chemical conditions of the accumulated tailings from the enrichment of barite-polymetallic ores of the Salair ore field, are presented. The complex mineral composition of ores (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, fahlore) and long-term processes of chemical weathering of the substance contributed to the formation of monomineral and zonal secondary rims and fillings of the intergranular space, which were identified using modern research methods. Plumbojarosite, anglesite, cerussite, and iron hydroxides predominate among them; pyromorphite, ginsdalite, and covellite occur less frequently. The method of thermodynamic modeling was used to solve the inverse problem - the restoration of the composition of solutions that led to a change in the associations of secondary minerals. The nature of the ongoing processes can be characterized not only by chemical interactions, but also by electrochemical reactions in the systems under consideration, where various mineral components act as galvanic pairs, which, in combination with the physico-chemical parameters of the medium (pH, Eh, ionic composition of solutions ), leads to stepwise or incomplete oxidation of the original minerals with subsequent selective deposition of secondary compounds.
{"title":"Secondary minerals of Fe, Pb, Cu in sulfide-containing tailings: sequence of formation, electrochemical reactions and physico-chemical model (Talmovskie Sands, Salaire, Russia)","authors":"A. Khusainova, S. Bortnikova, O. Gaskova, S. Volynkin, Y. Kalinin","doi":"10.2205/2023es000810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000810","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studies of the composition and form of secondary minerals Fe, Pb, Cu, formed under contrasting physico-chemical conditions of the accumulated tailings from the enrichment of barite-polymetallic ores of the Salair ore field, are presented. The complex mineral composition of ores (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, fahlore) and long-term processes of chemical weathering of the substance contributed to the formation of monomineral and zonal secondary rims and fillings of the intergranular space, which were identified using modern research methods. Plumbojarosite, anglesite, cerussite, and iron hydroxides predominate among them; pyromorphite, ginsdalite, and covellite occur less frequently. The method of thermodynamic modeling was used to solve the inverse problem - the restoration of the composition of solutions that led to a change in the associations of secondary minerals. The nature of the ongoing processes can be characterized not only by chemical interactions, but also by electrochemical reactions in the systems under consideration, where various mineral components act as galvanic pairs, which, in combination with the physico-chemical parameters of the medium (pH, Eh, ionic composition of solutions ), leads to stepwise or incomplete oxidation of the original minerals with subsequent selective deposition of secondary compounds.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90286980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The level fluctuations of the White Sea (WS) in the synoptic range of time scales including tides and surge fluctuations are considered based on observational data covering the period 2004–2020. The hourly level observation data of the coast stations were used: Sosnovets, Severodvinsk, Solovki, Kem-Port, Kandalaksha, as well as in the area of the White Sea Biological Station of Lomonosov Moscow State University (WSBS MSU) in 2008–2009. The values of spring and neap tides at these points are refined, and their features such as parallax inequality and the influence of shallow water components are considered. The surge run-offs and run-ups are explored based on the analysis of residual sea level fluctuations (RSL), which is determined by removing the tidal component from the observational data. The RSL fluctuations in the Dvina Bay are characterized by the greatest variance. The RSL fluctuations at Solovki and Sosnovets have approximately the same variance, which is significantly lower than in the Dvina Bay. The lowest variance is observed at Kandalaksha. According to the data obtained at the Severodvinsk and Solovki stations, a noticeable increase in RSL variance is observed, which indicates that the intensity of RSL fluctuations increased during the time interval under consideration. This conclusion is also confirmed by the calculations of the positive RSL values survivor function, as well as by the fact that the number of surge run-ups with a height of no less than 100 cm for 11 years (from 2004 to 2014) was only two, and in the six-year period (2015–2020) there were already five such events. The largest surge run-ups at Severodvinsk during the period under review reached a height of 130 cm (August 22, 2018) and 153 cm (November 15, 2011). Significant surge run-offs occur less frequently than surge run-ups and, as a rule, are inferior to the latter in their absolute value. The surge run-off on January 31, 2005 was the strongest for the entire period of 2004–2020. At Severodvinsk RSL decreased by 123 cm below the average monthly mark. In other cases, the most significant RSL falls relative to the average monthly value were about 70 cm.
{"title":"Synoptic Level Fluctuations of the White Sea","authors":"A. Kondrin, Anastasia Korablina","doi":"10.2205/2023es000836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000836","url":null,"abstract":"The level fluctuations of the White Sea (WS) in the synoptic range of time scales including tides and surge fluctuations are considered based on observational data covering the period 2004–2020. The hourly level observation data of the coast stations were used: Sosnovets, Severodvinsk, Solovki, Kem-Port, Kandalaksha, as well as in the area of the White Sea Biological Station of Lomonosov Moscow State University (WSBS MSU) in 2008–2009. The values of spring and neap tides at these points are refined, and their features such as parallax inequality and the influence of shallow water components are considered. The surge run-offs and run-ups are explored based on the analysis of residual sea level fluctuations (RSL), which is determined by removing the tidal component from the observational data. The RSL fluctuations in the Dvina Bay are characterized by the greatest variance. The RSL fluctuations at Solovki and Sosnovets have approximately the same variance, which is significantly lower than in the Dvina Bay. The lowest variance is observed at Kandalaksha. According to the data obtained at the Severodvinsk and Solovki stations, a noticeable increase in RSL variance is observed, which indicates that the intensity of RSL fluctuations increased during the time interval under consideration. This conclusion is also confirmed by the calculations of the positive RSL values survivor function, as well as by the fact that the number of surge run-ups with a height of no less than 100 cm for 11 years (from 2004 to 2014) was only two, and in the six-year period (2015–2020) there were already five such events. The largest surge run-ups at Severodvinsk during the period under review reached a height of 130 cm (August 22, 2018) and 153 cm (November 15, 2011). Significant surge run-offs occur less frequently than surge run-ups and, as a rule, are inferior to the latter in their absolute value. The surge run-off on January 31, 2005 was the strongest for the entire period of 2004–2020. At Severodvinsk RSL decreased by 123 cm below the average monthly mark. In other cases, the most significant RSL falls relative to the average monthly value were about 70 cm.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80931973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil pollution significantly affects the ecosystem of underground space. The penetration of hydrocarbons into aquifers threatens to spread pollution over large areas from the source. Pollutants cause damage to natural environments and lead to damage and destruction of ecosystems. To solve environmental problems in the search for hydrocarbon pollution, geophysics is often used. In contaminated sites, knowledge of the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, as well as the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pollution, is essential for risk assessment and site remediation planning. Despite the fact that many geophysical methods have proven their effectiveness in solving geoecological problems, pollution of the underground environment is complex. This is primarily due to the fact that the distribution of the pollutant has an impact on both the geological and mechanical components of soils, and the biological and chemical ones. The article discusses the influence of various factors on the formation of anomalies detected by methods of shallow geophysics in the process of studying the pollution of the geological environment with oil products. The main purpose of such work is the detection, contouring and determination of the migration routes of light oil products. The paper describes several generalized models of the distribution of hydrocarbon pollution, each of which can be used to solve the set tasks, as well as be a useful tool for predicting the distribution of oil products and modeling geophysical responses from a multifactorial environment. Among the factors influencing the results of geophysical studies, a special position is occupied by biodegradation processes, as a result of which significant changes in the physical properties of the medium occur.
{"title":"Analysis of studies, observed results of geophysical surveys in areas contaminated with LNAPL","authors":"T. Mingaleva, Sergey V. Shakuro, A. Egorov","doi":"10.2205/2023es000831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000831","url":null,"abstract":"Oil pollution significantly affects the ecosystem of underground space. The penetration of hydrocarbons into aquifers threatens to spread pollution over large areas from the source. Pollutants cause damage to natural environments and lead to damage and destruction of ecosystems. To solve environmental problems in the search for hydrocarbon pollution, geophysics is often used. In contaminated sites, knowledge of the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, as well as the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pollution, is essential for risk assessment and site remediation planning. Despite the fact that many geophysical methods have proven their effectiveness in solving geoecological problems, pollution of the underground environment is complex. This is primarily due to the fact that the distribution of the pollutant has an impact on both the geological and mechanical components of soils, and the biological and chemical ones. The article discusses the influence of various factors on the formation of anomalies detected by methods of shallow geophysics in the process of studying the pollution of the geological environment with oil products. The main purpose of such work is the detection, contouring and determination of the migration routes of light oil products. The paper describes several generalized models of the distribution of hydrocarbon pollution, each of which can be used to solve the set tasks, as well as be a useful tool for predicting the distribution of oil products and modeling geophysical responses from a multifactorial environment. Among the factors influencing the results of geophysical studies, a special position is occupied by biodegradation processes, as a result of which significant changes in the physical properties of the medium occur.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86374740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An approach to indication and analysis of heat and dynamic processes at the ocean surface and in the atmosphere with the methods of satellite passive microwave radiometry is considered. It bases on a responsiveness of the oceanic and atmospheric up-going microwave radiation to these processes in the spectral band of its attenuation in the atmosphere water vapor, which seems to be as kind of window of the "radio visibility" from satellites. The effectiveness of that approach is caused by the fact that atmospheric water vapor is an active participant (agent) in its heat interaction with the ocean surface and, at the same time, serves as its reliable quantitative indicator. Measured from satellites, natural microwave radiation of the atmospheric water vapor gives distinct signals of changes occurring in the frontal, storm and cyclonic zones in the ocean; they are manifested in the form of pics or jumps of the brightness temperature. The paper provides various examples of the study of such processes as the ocean-atmosphere heat interaction at the middle latitudes of the North Atlantic, origination and propagation of the tropical hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, atmospheric water vapor transport in the tropical Atlantic and its influence on cyclogenesis in the Gulf of Mexico, etc. The data of satellite, ship and buoy measurements are widely used to attain and verify results of our study.
{"title":"Field of the atmospheric water vapor as a characteristic of heat and dynamic processes at the ocean surface observed by the microwave radiometric means from space","authors":"A. Grankov, Aleksandr Milshin, Evgeniy Novichihin","doi":"10.2205/2023es000813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000813","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to indication and analysis of heat and dynamic processes at the ocean surface and in the atmosphere with the methods of satellite passive microwave radiometry is considered. It bases on a responsiveness of the oceanic and atmospheric up-going microwave radiation to these processes in the spectral band of its attenuation in the atmosphere water vapor, which seems to be as kind of window of the \"radio visibility\" from satellites. The effectiveness of that approach is caused by the fact that atmospheric water vapor is an active participant (agent) in its heat interaction with the ocean surface and, at the same time, serves as its reliable quantitative indicator. Measured from satellites, natural microwave radiation of the atmospheric water vapor gives distinct signals of changes occurring in the frontal, storm and cyclonic zones in the ocean; they are manifested in the form of pics or jumps of the brightness temperature. The paper provides various examples of the study of such processes as the ocean-atmosphere heat interaction at the middle latitudes of the North Atlantic, origination and propagation of the tropical hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, atmospheric water vapor transport in the tropical Atlantic and its influence on cyclogenesis in the Gulf of Mexico, etc. The data of satellite, ship and buoy measurements are widely used to attain and verify results of our study.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79781108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ponur, Yuriy A. Titchenko, V. Karaev, E. Meshkov, M. Panfilova, Andrey Krylov, E. Khakin
The first results of data processing of the experiment on the Nizhny Novgorod cable car are presented. A pulsed X-band radar was installed on a technological trolley and performed measurements while moving in two modes that worked sequentially. In the radio altimeter mode, the reflected waveform was measured and the distance to the scattering surface was determined. In the Doppler mode, the Doppler spectrum of the reflected signal was measured, which contains information about the statistical parameters of the surface. Data processing was carried out and the first results confirmed the assumption that the Doppler spectrum can be an effective tool for classifying the type of the underlying surface according to the "ice/water" criterion. Subsequent data processing will allow us to evaluate the accuracy of the developed algorithms.
{"title":"Experiment with the X-band radar at the Nizhny Novgorod cable car: First Results","authors":"K. Ponur, Yuriy A. Titchenko, V. Karaev, E. Meshkov, M. Panfilova, Andrey Krylov, E. Khakin","doi":"10.2205/2022es000822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es000822","url":null,"abstract":"The first results of data processing of the experiment on the Nizhny Novgorod cable car are presented. A pulsed X-band radar was installed on a technological trolley and performed measurements while moving in two modes that worked sequentially. In the radio altimeter mode, the reflected waveform was measured and the distance to the scattering surface was determined. In the Doppler mode, the Doppler spectrum of the reflected signal was measured, which contains information about the statistical \u0000parameters of the surface. Data processing was carried out and the first results confirmed the assumption that the Doppler spectrum can be an effective tool for classifying the type of the underlying surface according to the \"ice/water\" criterion. Subsequent data processing will allow us to evaluate the accuracy of the developed algorithms.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86068297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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