The shallow sandy shores of the tideless sea are regularly affected by storm activity. Foredune ridge is a natural and anthropogenic object, a natural protective barrier that protects ecosystems and populated areas from the effects of dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena such as storm surges and wind-sand flux. In the course of impact of dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena, the foredune ridge integrity is disturbed, the composing material is washed away thus forming breakthroughs. Monitoring of the foredune state is an important stage in maintaining its condition and also provides an empirical basis for predicting the impact of hazardous events. The use of ground-based laser scanning technology as well as digital photogrammetry for the study of sensitive coastal zones is justified for these purposes. In this article, we compare the results of calculating the dynamics of the beach sand material and advance them according to the results of ground-based laser scanning and digital photogrammetry. Comparability is provided by high-density clouds of ground-scan points and digital photogrammetry in a single coordinate reference. Two sections of the sensitive coastal zone of the Curonian Spit (Russian sector of the South-Eastern Baltic) have been explored in advance. A comparison of the applicability of means for obtaining digital elevation models to evaluate the dynamics of sand material has been made. In comparison with TLS, the use of UAV with the SfM algorithm is limited to post-storm surveys, since the final accuracy does not provide for reliable lithodynamic studies due to the small scale of processes comparable to measurement errors.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Terrestrial Laser Scanning Application for Coastal Zone Monitoring","authors":"A. Danchenkov, N. Belov","doi":"10.2205/2023es000854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000854","url":null,"abstract":"The shallow sandy shores of the tideless sea are regularly affected by storm activity. Foredune ridge is a natural and anthropogenic object, a natural protective barrier that protects ecosystems and populated areas from the effects of dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena such as storm surges and wind-sand flux. In the course of impact of dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena, the foredune ridge integrity is disturbed, the composing material is washed away thus forming breakthroughs. Monitoring of the foredune state is an important stage in maintaining its condition and also provides an empirical basis for predicting the impact of hazardous events. The use of ground-based laser scanning technology as well as digital photogrammetry for the study of sensitive coastal zones is justified for these purposes. In this article, we compare the results of calculating the dynamics of the beach sand material and advance them according to the results of ground-based laser scanning and digital photogrammetry. Comparability is provided by high-density clouds of ground-scan points and digital photogrammetry in a single coordinate reference. Two sections of the sensitive coastal zone of the Curonian Spit (Russian sector of the South-Eastern Baltic) have been explored in advance. A comparison of the applicability of means for obtaining digital elevation models to evaluate the dynamics of sand material has been made. In comparison with TLS, the use of UAV with the SfM algorithm is limited to post-storm surveys, since the final accuracy does not provide for reliable lithodynamic studies due to the small scale of processes comparable to measurement errors.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In earth dams, a permanent filtration of water leads to washing out of sand-clay fraction and to a formation of soil decompression sites, which pose a danger to embankment integrity. Condition monitoring of earth hydraulic structures can be executed by geophysical methods. The article presents the results of geoelectric monitoring conducted on the dam of settling pond of mine water with high metal content. The investigations were carried out by vertical electrical soundings, including electrotomography, and by methods of induced polarization in time and frequency domains. According to the results of the electrical soundings, places of reduced soil resistivity in the dam were identified, associated with infiltration of precipitations and of water from the pond. Geoelectric monitoring showed changes of the soils resistivity in different years, depending on hydrological conditions. Induced polarization methods are sensitive to material composition of soils, such as clayiness and presence of electronically conductive minerals. It is determined that the highest content of clay is in the upper and middle parts of the embankment. In eastern part of the dam, intensive polarizability of the medium was detected. It can be caused by filtration of water, contaminated with metals, through the embankment and sedimentary rocks. Thus, by resistivity measurements, it is possible to identify areas of intensive filtration in the dam body, and induced polarization measurements make it possible to determine clay content in the soil and possible pathways of contamination through the dam, which is of great importance for studying the environmental situation of region.
{"title":"Geoelectric Monitoring of Earthen Hydraulic Structure State by Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods: Mine Water Settling Pond Dam Case Study","authors":"O. Fedorova, V. Gorshkov","doi":"10.2205/2023es000849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000849","url":null,"abstract":"In earth dams, a permanent filtration of water leads to washing out of sand-clay fraction and to a formation of soil decompression sites, which pose a danger to embankment integrity. Condition monitoring of earth hydraulic structures can be executed by geophysical methods. The article presents the results of geoelectric monitoring conducted on the dam of settling pond of mine water with high metal content. The investigations were carried out by vertical electrical soundings, including electrotomography, and by methods of induced polarization in time and frequency domains. According to the results of the electrical soundings, places of reduced soil resistivity in the dam were identified, associated with infiltration of precipitations and of water from the pond. Geoelectric monitoring showed changes of the soils resistivity in different years, depending on hydrological conditions. Induced polarization methods are sensitive to material composition of soils, such as clayiness and presence of electronically conductive minerals. It is determined that the highest content of clay is in the upper and middle parts of the embankment. In eastern part of the dam, intensive polarizability of the medium was detected. It can be caused by filtration of water, contaminated with metals, through the embankment and sedimentary rocks. Thus, by resistivity measurements, it is possible to identify areas of intensive filtration in the dam body, and induced polarization measurements make it possible to determine clay content in the soil and possible pathways of contamination through the dam, which is of great importance for studying the environmental situation of region.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The numerical method for two-dimensional inverse dynamic seismic problem for a viscoelastic isotropic medium is presented. The system of differential equations of elasticity for isotropic medium of memory type is considered as a mathematical model. The unknown values are the displacement, the memory function of the medium (the kernel of the integral term) and the propagation velocity of elastic waves in a weakly horizontally inhomogeneous medium. Additional information for the inverse problem is the response displacement measured on the surface. The method is based on reducing the inverse problem to a system of Volterra-type integral equations and their sequential numerical implementation. The results of the study are analyzed and compared with the analytical solution. It is shown that the results are in satisfactory agreement.
{"title":"Numerical Solution of a Two-Dimensional Problem of Determining the Propagation Velocity of Seismic Waves in Inhomogeneous Medium of Memory Type","authors":"Marat Tomaev, Zhanna Totieva","doi":"10.2205/2023es000866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000866","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical method for two-dimensional inverse dynamic seismic problem for a viscoelastic isotropic medium is presented. The system of differential equations of elasticity for isotropic medium of memory type is considered as a mathematical model. The unknown values are the displacement, the memory function of the medium (the kernel of the integral term) and the propagation velocity of elastic waves in a weakly horizontally inhomogeneous medium. Additional information for the inverse problem is the response displacement measured on the surface. The method is based on reducing the inverse problem to a system of Volterra-type integral equations and their sequential numerical implementation. The results of the study are analyzed and compared with the analytical solution. It is shown that the results are in satisfactory agreement.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Vesman, Igor Bashmachnikov, Pavel Golubkin, Roshin Raj
The Atlantic Water is the main source of heat and salt in the Arctic. Properties of the Atlantic Water inflow regionally affect sea ice extent and deep water formation rate. The Atlantic Water heat transported into the Nordic Seas has a significant impact on the local climate and is investigated here along with its inter-annual variability. We use the ARMOR3D dataset, which is a collection of 3D monthly temperature, salinity and geostrophic velocities fields, derived from in situ and satellite data on a regular grid available since 1993. We compare the heat transport across seven zonal transects in the eastern part of the Nordic seas, from Svinøy section (65°N) to the Fram Strait (78.8°N).
The correlations of the interannual variations of the advective heat fluxes rapidly drop from Svinøy to Jan Mayen sections and between Bear Island and Sørkapp sections. This is a result of different tendencies over the latest decades in the southern and the northern parts of the study region, as well as of a differential damping of the observed periodicities along the Atlantic Water path on its way north (the amplitude of 5–6 year oscillations drops significantly faster than that of 2–3 year oscillations).
A certain link between the heat fluxes and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and East Atlantic (EA) indices is observed only for the southern sections. On the other hand, the heat fluxes at all sections show a consistent increase during the dominance of western weather type W and a decrease – of meridional weather type C. The link is explained by the variations of the wind fields, favourable for the sea-level build-up (Ekman pumping) east of the branching of the Norwegian Current for type W and an opposite tendency for type C.
{"title":"The Coherence of the Oceanic Heat Transport Through the Nordic Seas: Oceanic Heat Budget and Interannual Variability","authors":"Anna Vesman, Igor Bashmachnikov, Pavel Golubkin, Roshin Raj","doi":"10.2205/2023es000848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000848","url":null,"abstract":"The Atlantic Water is the main source of heat and salt in the Arctic. Properties of the Atlantic Water inflow regionally affect sea ice extent and deep water formation rate. The Atlantic Water heat transported into the Nordic Seas has a significant impact on the local climate and is investigated here along with its inter-annual variability. We use the ARMOR3D dataset, which is a collection of 3D monthly temperature, salinity and geostrophic velocities fields, derived from in situ and satellite data on a regular grid available since 1993. We compare the heat transport across seven zonal transects in the eastern part of the Nordic seas, from Svinøy section (65°N) to the Fram Strait (78.8°N). 
 The correlations of the interannual variations of the advective heat fluxes rapidly drop from Svinøy to Jan Mayen sections and between Bear Island and Sørkapp sections. This is a result of different tendencies over the latest decades in the southern and the northern parts of the study region, as well as of a differential damping of the observed periodicities along the Atlantic Water path on its way north (the amplitude of 5–6 year oscillations drops significantly faster than that of 2–3 year oscillations). 
 A certain link between the heat fluxes and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and East Atlantic (EA) indices is observed only for the southern sections. On the other hand, the heat fluxes at all sections show a consistent increase during the dominance of western weather type W and a decrease – of meridional weather type C. The link is explained by the variations of the wind fields, favourable for the sea-level build-up (Ekman pumping) east of the branching of the Norwegian Current for type W and an opposite tendency for type C.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135307258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geomagnetic storms have very profound effects on the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the ionosphere. In order to investigate the equatorial and low-latitude ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storms of varying intensities, a detailed study of vertical TEC (VTEC) variations resulting from Global Positioning System (GPS) data acquired at four GPS stations in Nepal along 80°–90° E longitude and 26°–30° N latitude sector has been carried out in the present work. The results were analyzed with other favorable inducing factors (solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices) affecting TEC to constrain the causative factor. Positive phases are observed for all the storms studied. During the severe geomagnetic activity, the deviation was ~18 TECU, while it was recorded ~12 TECU and ~8 TECU during moderate and minor geomagnetic activity, respectively. The Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (DXA) illustrates that the value of the hourly average VTEC of the BESI station was found to have a strong positive correlation with other stations in all types of storm events, indicating a similar response of all stations towards the space weather events. In addition, the correlation of VTEC with solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices illustrated that the VTEC shows a strong positive association with solar wind velocity (Vsw) in all three geomagnetic events. In contrast, the correlation of plasma density (Nsw), interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-Bz), the symmetric horizontal component of geomagnetic field (SYM-H), and Geomagnetic Auroral Electrojet (AE) index with VTEC vary with the intensity of the storm. Overall results of the study have revealed the characteristic features of TEC variation over Nepal regions during magnetic storms, which validates earlier research on ionospheric responses to geomagnetic storms and theoretical assumptions.
{"title":"Variation of Total Electron Content over Nepal during Geomagnetic Storms: GPS Observations","authors":"Ashok Silwal, Sujan Prasad Gautam, Prakash Poudel, Monika Karki, Narayan P Chapagain, Binod Adhikari","doi":"10.2205/2023es000833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000833","url":null,"abstract":"Geomagnetic storms have very profound effects on the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the ionosphere. In order to investigate the equatorial and low-latitude ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storms of varying intensities, a detailed study of vertical TEC (VTEC) variations resulting from Global Positioning System (GPS) data acquired at four GPS stations in Nepal along 80°–90° E longitude and 26°–30° N latitude sector has been carried out in the present work. The results were analyzed with other favorable inducing factors (solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices) affecting TEC to constrain the causative factor. Positive phases are observed for all the storms studied. During the severe geomagnetic activity, the deviation was ~18 TECU, while it was recorded ~12 TECU and ~8 TECU during moderate and minor geomagnetic activity, respectively. The Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (DXA) illustrates that the value of the hourly average VTEC of the BESI station was found to have a strong positive correlation with other stations in all types of storm events, indicating a similar response of all stations towards the space weather events. In addition, the correlation of VTEC with solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices illustrated that the VTEC shows a strong positive association with solar wind velocity (Vsw) in all three geomagnetic events. In contrast, the correlation of plasma density (Nsw), interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-Bz), the symmetric horizontal component of geomagnetic field (SYM-H), and Geomagnetic Auroral Electrojet (AE) index with VTEC vary with the intensity of the storm. Overall results of the study have revealed the characteristic features of TEC variation over Nepal regions during magnetic storms, which validates earlier research on ionospheric responses to geomagnetic storms and theoretical assumptions.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135309601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kh.Sh. Zaburaeva, C. Zaburaev, M. Sedieva, A. Shaipova, K. Alieva
The article analyzes modern concepts and approaches in the works of Russian and foreign researchers to the formation of ecological tourism as a form of nature-oriented tourism. The peculiarities of mountain ecotourism consist in taking into account the specific conditions inherent in mountain ecosystems (ecological vulnerability to anthropogenic impact, dynamism of landscape-forming processes, etc.). In the mountainous regions of Russia, favorable prerequisites have been identified for the development of various areas of ecotourism (apitourism, agritourism, geological tourism, scientific tourism, etc.) both within specially protected natural areas and outside their borders. SWOT analysis on the example of mountain regions of the Northeast Caucasus showed that there are many strengths and opportunities for the development of ecotourism within the boundaries of specially protected natural areas (unique natural complexes and objects, attractive natural landscapes, high biological diversity, the presence of endemics and relics in the structure of biodiversity, favorable climate, transport accessibility, significant labor resources, etc.). Also, weaknesses were identified that impede the development of ecotourism, and possible threats (poor development of tourist infrastructure, organized tourist routes, equipped ecological trails, a shortage of qualified personnel in the field of ecotourism, etc.).
{"title":"Ecological Tourism in the Mountainous Regions of Russia: Essence and Development Prospects","authors":"Kh.Sh. Zaburaeva, C. Zaburaev, M. Sedieva, A. Shaipova, K. Alieva","doi":"10.2205/2023es000867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000867","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes modern concepts and approaches in the works of Russian and foreign researchers to the formation of ecological tourism as a form of nature-oriented tourism. The peculiarities of mountain ecotourism consist in taking into account the specific conditions inherent in mountain ecosystems (ecological vulnerability to anthropogenic impact, dynamism of landscape-forming processes, etc.). In the mountainous regions of Russia, favorable prerequisites have been identified for the development of various areas of ecotourism (apitourism, agritourism, geological tourism, scientific tourism, etc.) both within specially protected natural areas and outside their borders. SWOT analysis on the example of mountain regions of the Northeast Caucasus showed that there are many strengths and opportunities for the development of ecotourism within the boundaries of specially protected natural areas (unique natural complexes and objects, attractive natural landscapes, high biological diversity, the presence of endemics and relics in the structure of biodiversity, favorable climate, transport accessibility, significant labor resources, etc.). Also, weaknesses were identified that impede the development of ecotourism, and possible threats (poor development of tourist infrastructure, organized tourist routes, equipped ecological trails, a shortage of qualified personnel in the field of ecotourism, etc.).","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91197661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shores of the Kaliningrad Region (the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea) are regularly exposed to extreme storms, which leads to intensive abrasion and flooding of the land. Based on archival data, meteorological monitoring, forecast and synoptic maps, an analysis of extreme storms observed in the autumn-winter periods of the early 21st century was done. The cyclone type was determined using the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model), which makes it possible to reconstruct the trajectory of the approach of the atmospheric vortex to the coast. The seasons with clusters of storms were identified, when deep cyclones affected the coasts of the Kaliningrad Region in a relatively short time. Regardless of the type of trajectory, storms cause destruction of both natural and infrastructure objects. But the shores of the northern exposure are most susceptible to destruction by “diving” cyclones, the wave regime of which has a high potential energy. Earlier it was noted that the frequency of cyclones with northerly winds increases. Clusters of northern cyclones are especially dangerous, as was in January 2022, when 4 atmospheric eddies affected the coast with an interval of several hours to 2–3 days. When the water level was high, the waves crashed on the coast, causing catastrophic damage. The coastal monitoring revealed numerous destruction of the banks, breakthroughs of the foredune, both flooding and collapse of forests, critical damage to coast protection and engineering structures, and infrastructure facilities. Dozens of hectares of coastal territories have been lost. There are environmental problems associated with numerous emissions into the marine environment of a huge amount of anthropogenic mega-, macro-, meso-, micro-garbage with a predominance of plastic after extreme storms.
{"title":"Clusters of Cyclones and Their Effect on Coast Abrasion in Kaliningrad Region","authors":"Z. Stont, E. Esiukova, M. Ulyanova","doi":"10.2205/2023es000826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000826","url":null,"abstract":"The shores of the Kaliningrad Region (the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea) are regularly exposed to extreme storms, which leads to intensive abrasion and flooding of the land. Based on archival data, meteorological monitoring, forecast and synoptic maps, an analysis of extreme storms observed in the autumn-winter periods of the early 21st century was done. The cyclone type was determined using the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model), which makes it possible to reconstruct the trajectory of the approach of the atmospheric vortex to the coast. The seasons with clusters of storms were identified, when deep cyclones affected the coasts of the Kaliningrad Region in a relatively short time. Regardless of the type of trajectory, storms cause destruction of both natural and infrastructure objects. But the shores of the northern exposure are most susceptible to destruction by “diving” cyclones, the wave regime of which has a high potential energy. Earlier it was noted that the frequency of cyclones with northerly winds increases. Clusters of northern cyclones are especially dangerous, as was in January 2022, when 4 atmospheric eddies affected the coast with an interval of several hours to 2–3 days. When the water level was high, the waves crashed on the coast, causing catastrophic damage. The coastal monitoring revealed numerous destruction of the banks, breakthroughs of the foredune, both flooding and collapse of forests, critical damage to coast protection and engineering structures, and infrastructure facilities. Dozens of hectares of coastal territories have been lost. There are environmental problems associated with numerous emissions into the marine environment of a huge amount of anthropogenic mega-, macro-, meso-, micro-garbage with a predominance of plastic after extreme storms.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89046097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the current and future flow of preparation's plant production processes and how they contribute to the generation of Big Data. It is shown that as the level of automation in the plant increases, the data produced becomes more extensive and varied. At the same time, it is possible to achieve a level when the generated information flows meet the criteria of the Big Data. As a basic example, a typical coal processing plant is used. The main sources, volumes, variety and speeds of data transfer to the processing plant are described and analyzed.
{"title":"Big Data as a Product of the Preparation Plant: Reality and Prospects in the Case of Coal","authors":"Alexei Gvishiani, Izabella Nikitina, Igor Aleshin","doi":"10.2205/2023es000862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000862","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the current and future flow of preparation's plant production processes and how they contribute to the generation of Big Data. It is shown that as the level of automation in the plant increases, the data produced becomes more extensive and varied. At the same time, it is possible to achieve a level when the generated information flows meet the criteria of the Big Data. As a basic example, a typical coal processing plant is used. The main sources, volumes, variety and speeds of data transfer to the processing plant are described and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135309770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksey Morozov, N. Vaganova, I. Starkov, Y. Mikhaylova
Earthquakes at mid-ocean ridges (MOR) reflect the active magmatic and tectonic processes that form new oceanic crust. Active spreading processes of ultraslow ridges, with spreading rates of less than 20 mm/yr, are still poorly understood compared to the MOR in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, with spreading rates of more than 25 mm/yr. Thanks to the installation of stationary seismic stations in the 21st century on the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya, it became possible to record and study low-magnitude grouping earthquakes within the Gakkel Ridge, including swarm sequences of earthquakes. This article presents the first results of registration, location and study of swarm sequences of low-magnitude earthquakes within the Gakkel Ridge for the period from 2012 to 2022. It is shown that swarm sequences are recorded to a greater extent in the western volcanic and eastern volcanic segments of the ridge, while no such sequences were found within the central amagmatic segment. The structure formation of this part of the ridge is dominated by tectonic rather than magmatic and metamorphic processes. Two large swarm of low-magnitude earthquakes that occurred in the eastern volcanic segment of the ridge are considered in detail.
{"title":"Modern Low-Magnitude Earthquake Swarms of the Gakkel Mid-Oceanic Ridge, Arctic Ocean","authors":"Aleksey Morozov, N. Vaganova, I. Starkov, Y. Mikhaylova","doi":"10.2205/2023es000843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000843","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes at mid-ocean ridges (MOR) reflect the active magmatic and tectonic processes that form new oceanic crust. Active spreading processes of ultraslow ridges, with spreading rates of less than 20 mm/yr, are still poorly understood compared to the MOR in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, with spreading rates of more than 25 mm/yr. Thanks to the installation of stationary seismic stations in the 21st century on the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya, it became possible to record and study low-magnitude grouping earthquakes within the Gakkel Ridge, including swarm sequences of earthquakes. This article presents the first results of registration, location and study of swarm sequences of low-magnitude earthquakes within the Gakkel Ridge for the period from 2012 to 2022. It is shown that swarm sequences are recorded to a greater extent in the western volcanic and eastern volcanic segments of the ridge, while no such sequences were found within the central amagmatic segment. The structure formation of this part of the ridge is dominated by tectonic rather than magmatic and metamorphic processes. Two large swarm of low-magnitude earthquakes that occurred in the eastern volcanic segment of the ridge are considered in detail.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72610257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vadim Agafonov, Aleksandr Bugaev, Gennadiy Erokhin, Andrey Ronzhin
The paper analyzes the stage of decomposition of the initial seismic data in the methods of wave reversal in time when constructing seismic attributes. Within the framework of the formal approach of mapping the data of one space into the data of a space of a higher dimension, a classification of existing approaches in seismic exploration is given. Identification of the decomposition stage in the seismic data processing workflow makes it possible to highlight the differences in existing approaches to building seismic attributes and predict the future direction of seismic data processing. The concept of vector decomposition, originally used in the RTH method, is introduced. The variety of depth seismic attributes obtained in the RTH method based on vector decomposition allows solving a wide range of problems in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon deposits at a new qualitative level. The RTH method includes, as a special case, the PSDM, AVO, AI methods and is an alternative to the MVA, FWI methods, as well as the method of a velocity model bilding based on fast beam migration algorithms. A close connection between the technique of wavefront time reversal in seismic exploration and analogous time reversal in optics and acoustics is noted. Examples of seismic data processing using vector decompositio to identify zones of natural fracturing in shale oil are given.
{"title":"Vector-based seismic decomposition by reverse time methods","authors":"Vadim Agafonov, Aleksandr Bugaev, Gennadiy Erokhin, Andrey Ronzhin","doi":"10.2205/2023es000837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2023es000837","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the stage of decomposition of the initial seismic data in the methods of wave reversal in time when constructing seismic attributes. Within the framework of the formal approach of mapping the data of one space into the data of a space of a higher dimension, a classification of existing approaches in seismic exploration is given. Identification of the decomposition stage in the seismic data processing workflow makes it possible to highlight the differences in existing approaches to building seismic attributes and predict the future direction of seismic data processing. The concept of vector decomposition, originally used in the RTH method, is introduced. The variety of depth seismic attributes obtained in the RTH method based on vector decomposition allows solving a wide range of problems in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon deposits at a new qualitative level. The RTH method includes, as a special case, the PSDM, AVO, AI methods and is an alternative to the MVA, FWI methods, as well as the method of a velocity model bilding based on fast beam migration algorithms. A close connection between the technique of wavefront time reversal in seismic exploration and analogous time reversal in optics and acoustics is noted. Examples of seismic data processing using vector decompositio to identify zones of natural fracturing in shale oil are given.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135309936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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