Journal of Neutron Research最新文献

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Experimental results of the first ANET resolution campaign with the compact neutron collimator 紧凑中子准直器首次ANET分辨运动的实验结果

IF 1.1 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/jnr-220028

O. Sans-Planell, M. Costa, E. Durisi, E. Mafucci, L. Menzio, V. Monti, L. Visca, F. Grazzi, R. Bedogni, S. Altieri

This paper presents the first determination of the improvement in beam divergence when including the ANET Compact Neutron Collimator on an existing thermal neutron beam, obtained with a measuring campaign at the LENA Mark-II TRIGA reactor in Pavia. This novel collimator consists of a sequence of collimating and absorbing channels organised in a chessboard-like geometry. It has a scalable structure both in length and in the field of view. It is characterized by an elevated collimation power within a limited length. Its scalability and compactness are added values with respect to traditional collimating system. The prototype tested in this article is composed of 4 concatenated stages, each 100 mm long, with a channel width of 2.5 mm, delivering a nominal L/D factor of 160. This measuring campaign illustrates the use of the ANET collimator and its potential application in ne

本文首次确定了在现有热中子束上安装ANET紧凑型中子准直器后，束散度的改善，这是在帕维亚的LENA Mark-II TRIGA反应堆上进行的测量活动中获得的。这种新型准直器由一系列以棋盘状几何结构组织的准直和吸收通道组成。它在长度和视野上都具有可伸缩的结构。它的特点是在有限的长度内具有较高的准直能力。它的可扩展性和紧凑性是传统准直系统的优点。本文测试的原型由4个串联级组成，每个级长100毫米，通道宽度为2.5毫米，标称L/D因子为160。这次测量活动说明了ANET准直器的使用及其在ne中的潜在应用

引用次数: 0

Growing solid deuterium for UCN production 为UCN生产固体氘

IF 1.1 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.3233/jnr-220010

E. Korobkina, I. Berkutov, R. Golub, P. Huffman, Clark Hickman, Kent Leung, G. Medlin, Matthew J. Morano, Thomas Rao, Cole Teander, C. White, A. Young

We have experimentally studied growing a large (about 1 liter) solid ortho-deuterium crystal in a real UCN source cryostat and recorded the growing process optically using a camera. The best quality was observed when growing the crystal directly from a vapor phase. The crystal was grown at different mass flows of deuterium and annealed at different temperatures. Optimum conditions were found for both, obtaining an optically transparent crystal and cooling it down with minimal damage. We found that the quality, final shape and changes during annealing of the crystal are very much dependent on the temperature profile of the cryostat walls.

我们实验研究了在一个真实的UCN源低温恒温器中生长一个大的(约1升)固体正交氘晶体，并使用相机光学记录了生长过程。当直接从气相生长晶体时，观察到最好的质量。晶体在不同质量的氘流中生长，并在不同温度下退火。找到了两者的最佳条件，获得了光学透明的晶体，并以最小的损伤将其冷却。我们发现晶体的质量、最终形状和退火过程中的变化在很大程度上取决于低温恒温器壁的温度分布。

引用次数: 1

Mechanical DesignVerification for the moderated neutron source at SARAF SARAF慢化中子源的机械设计验证

IF 1.1 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.3233/jnr-220017

T. Hirsh, Itay Horin, Lea Serraf, Ofek Sharon, O. Alon, Ron Raz, B. Shwartzman, U. Steinitz, D. Heflinger

The accelerator-driven thermal neutron source (TNS) at SARAF is under the advanced design stage, to provide an accelerator-based substitution to existing neutron imaging and diffraction utilities of the IRR1 aging research reactor. A challenging task of the system design is to provide a safe and maintainable coupling of 40 MeV deuteron beam and a 200 kW power liquid metal target with a compact light-water moderator and reflector assembly. The verification process of the mechanical design is performed through Monte-Carlo simulations over the detailed CAD models. We outline the method of verification of neutron production and safety requirements over the detailed system design and highlight the advantages of this approach.

SARAF的加速器驱动热中子源（TNS）正处于高级设计阶段，以提供基于加速器的替代IRR1老化研究反应堆现有的中子成像和衍射实用程序。系统设计的一项具有挑战性的任务是提供40MeV氘核束和200kW功率液态金属靶的安全和可维护的耦合，该目标具有紧凑的轻水慢化剂和反射器组件。机械设计的验证过程是通过对详细CAD模型的蒙特卡罗模拟进行的。我们概述了中子生产和安全要求的验证方法，而不是详细的系统设计，并强调了这种方法的优势。

引用次数: 0

Opportunities in the use of Very Cold Neutrons in reflectometry techniques 在反射技术中使用极冷中子的机会

IF 1.1 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.3233/jnr-220004

F. Ott

Reflectometry techniques are especially suited for time-of-flight measurements. The possibility of using longer wavelengths does not modify the physics probed during a reflectivity measurement. Besides, reflectometry measurements are not affected by effects such as multiple scattering or absorption. The use of longer wavelengths would permit to achieve instrumental gains due to the higher reflectivity. In the scattering plane, the phase space can be used more efficiently by a geometrical factor proportional to λ 2 provided by a simple increase of the incidence angles on the sample (for a given Q range). Perpendicular to the scattering plane, the neutron flux can be increased by a factor proportional to λ due to improved optics performances. However, the possibility of performing such measurements would be bound to the fact that the pulse structure or the instrument lengths are still adequate. This would require to proportionally decrease the instrument length or to either drop neutron frames. Both options are viable depending on the scientific goals and we show that the flux penalties are actually minimal. However, owing to the fact that the performances of reflectometry instrumentation at ESS is already expected to be extremely high, it is questionable if it is worth investing in VCN for this specific technique the more so as the implementation will not be optimal for extrinsic reasons. On the other hand, implementing VCN on sources such as CANS where the flux is intrinsically limited may be worth the investment since (i) such sources could probably be designed to use VCN in an optimal way, (ii) the implementation of VCN sources would be much easier as radiative heating would be reduced by several orders of magnitude, in the range of hundreds of watts, making the construction and handling of VCN sources a lot easier.

反射测量技术特别适合于飞行时间测量。使用更长的波长的可能性不会改变反射率测量期间所探测到的物理特性。此外，反射测量不受多重散射或吸收等效应的影响。由于较高的反射率，使用较长的波长可以获得仪器增益。在散射平面上，通过简单地增加样品的入射角(对于给定的Q范围)，可以更有效地利用与λ 2成正比的几何因子。垂直于散射平面，由于光学性能的提高，中子通量可以增加成正比的λ因子。然而，进行这种测量的可能性将受到脉冲结构或仪器长度仍然足够的事实的限制。这就需要按比例减少仪器长度，或者减少中子框架。这两种选择都是可行的，这取决于科学目标，我们表明通量惩罚实际上是最小的。然而，由于在ESS的反射仪器的性能已经被期望是非常高的，这是值得怀疑的，如果它值得投资于VCN这个特定的技术，更重要的是，实现将不是最优的外部原因。另一方面，在通量本质上有限的can等源上实施VCN可能值得投资，因为(i)这些源可能被设计为以最佳方式使用VCN， (ii) VCN源的实施将容易得多，因为辐射加热将减少几个数量级，在数百瓦的范围内，使VCN源的构建和处理变得容易得多。

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引用次数: 1

The source for ultra-cold neutrons at the FRM II FRM II的超冷中子源

IF 1.1 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.3233/jnr-220008

Andreas Frei

At the Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) a new source for ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) with a solid deuterium converter is currently under construction. This summary paper shall give an overview of the project and its current status. Research results concerning converter preparation, para-to-ortho conversion, radiation effects and neutron transport, which have been achieved in the last years, are presented and their relevance and transferability for the design of a future UCN source at the European Spallation Source (ESS) are discussed.

慕尼黑工业大学的Forschungs Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz（FRM II）目前正在建造一种带有固体氘转换器的超冷中子（UCN）新源。本总结文件应概述该项目及其现状。介绍了近年来在转换器制备、对位-正位转换、辐射效应和中子输运方面取得的研究成果，并讨论了它们对欧洲散裂源未来UCN源设计的相关性和可转移性。

引用次数: 1

Enabling In Situ Studies of Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition in a Transmission Electron Microscope. 利用透射电子显微镜对金属有机化学气相沉积进行现场研究。

IF 2.8 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/S1431927622000769

Marcus Tornberg, Carina B Maliakkal, Daniel Jacobsson, Reine Wallenberg, Kimberly A Dick

The world of environmental microscopy provides the possibility to study and analyze transformations and reactions during realistic conditions to understand the processes better. We report on the design and development of a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system integrated with an environmental transmission electron microscope intended for real-time investigations of crystal growth. We demonstrate methods for achieving a wide range of precisely controlled concentrations of precursor gas at the sample, as well as for calibrating the sample partial pressure using the pressure measured elsewhere in the microscope column. The influences of elevated temperature and reactive gas within the pole-piece gap are evaluated with respect to imaging and spectroscopy. We show that X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy can be strongly affected by temperatures beyond 500$^{circ }$C, while the spatial resolution is largely unaffected by heat and microscope pressure for the relevant conditions. Finally, the influence of the electron beam on the investigated processes is discussed. With this work, we aim to provide crucial input in the development of advanced in situ electron microscopy systems for studies of complex reactions in real time under realistic conditions, for instance as used during formation of semiconductor crystals.

环境显微镜为研究和分析现实条件下的转化和反应提供了可能性，以便更好地理解这些过程。我们报告了金属有机化学气相沉积（MOCVD）系统的设计和开发情况，该系统与环境透射电子显微镜集成，用于晶体生长的实时研究。我们展示了在样品处实现大范围精确控制前驱体气体浓度的方法，以及利用显微镜柱中其他地方测得的压力校准样品分压的方法。我们评估了极片间隙内温度升高和活性气体对成像和光谱的影响。我们发现 X 射线能量色散光谱会受到超过 500$^{circ }$C 温度的强烈影响，而在相关条件下，空间分辨率基本上不受热量和显微镜压力的影响。最后，我们讨论了电子束对研究过程的影响。通过这项工作，我们旨在为开发先进的原位电子显微镜系统提供重要的投入，以便在现实条件下实时研究复杂的反应，例如在半导体晶体形成过程中使用的反应。

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引用次数: 0

Guidelines for collaborative development of sustainable data treatment software 可持续数据处理软件协同开发指南

IF 1.1 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2022-03-22 DOI: 10.3233/jnr-220002

Joachim Wuttke, Stephen Cottrell, M. A. González, A. Kaestner, A. Markvardsen, T. Rod, Piotr B. Rozyczko, G. Vardanyan

Software development for data reduction and analysis at large research facilities is increasingly professionalized, and internationally coordinated. To foster software quality and sustainability, and to facilitate collaboration, representatives from software groups of European neutron and muon facilities have agreed on a set of guidelines for development practices, infrastructure, and functional and non-functional product properties. These guidelines have been derived from actual practices in software projects from the EU funded consortium ‘Science and Innovation with Neutrons in Europe in 2020’ (SINE2020), and have been enriched through extensive literature review. Besides guiding the work of the professional software engineers in our computing groups, we hope to influence scientists who are willing to contribute their own data treatment software to our community. Moreover, this work may also provide inspiration to scientific software development beyond the neutron and muon field.

大型研究机构用于数据缩减和分析的软件开发越来越专业化，并得到了国际协调。为了提高软件质量和可持续性，并促进合作，来自欧洲中子和μon设施软件小组的代表就开发实践、基础设施以及功能和非功能产品特性的一套指南达成了一致。这些指南来源于欧盟资助的财团“2020年欧洲中子科学与创新”（SINE2020）在软件项目中的实际实践，并通过广泛的文献综述得到了丰富。除了指导我们计算团队中专业软件工程师的工作外，我们还希望影响那些愿意为我们的社区贡献自己的数据处理软件的科学家。此外，这项工作还可能为中子和μ介子领域之外的科学软件开发提供灵感。

引用次数: 1

Minimizing pressure inhomogeneities across large samples under helium pressure media at low temperatures 在低温氦气压力介质下最大限度地减少大样品的压力不均匀性

IF 1.1 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2022-03-21 DOI: 10.3233/jnr-210034

J. Leão

When using gas pressure media to achieve hydrostatic pressure under a constant pressure and volume, passing through the melting curve ( P × T) of the gas to achieve low temperatures (1.5 K ⩽ T < 30 K) will cause an overall pressure reduction at base temperatures of at most 25 percent of the pressure read while under hydrostatic conditions at the P × T. In-situ inert gas high pressure vessels for neutron scattering for pressures of up to 1.0 GPa and temperatures as low as 1.5 K pose a particular problem due to the P × T phase diagram of the pressure media. A methodology for pressurization to ensure minimal pressure loss as temperature falls below the pressure media phase change, at the same time minimizing pressure inhomogeneity throughout the length of the sample; as well as calibration data are presented within this work.

当利用气体压力介质在定压定容条件下实现静水压力时，通过融化曲线(P×T)的气体达到低温(1.5 K⩽T < 30 K)将导致整个减压的基础温度最多25%的阅读在静水条件下的压力P×T .原位惰性气体高压力容器为中子散射1.0 GPa压力和温度低至1.5 K构成特定问题由于P×T相图媒体的压力。一种加压方法，以确保在温度低于压力介质相变时压力损失最小，同时最大限度地减少整个样品长度的压力不均匀性;此外，还提供了校准数据。

引用次数: 0

Properties of the dispersive double bent crystal monochromator setting with a multicrystal sandwich at the place of the second axis 第二轴处多晶夹层色散双弯晶单色仪的特性

IF 1.1 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.3233/jnr-210032

P. Mikula, J. Šaroun, P. Strunz, V. Ryukhtin

In this paper, some luminosity, focusing and resolution properties of a double-crystal (n,-m) dispersive setting which contains a bent perfect Si(111) crystal as a first one and a sandwich consisting of four different bent perfect crystals (BPC) Si(220), Si(400), Ge(111) and Ge(311) located at the second axis, is introduced with the aim of possible use in high-resolution diffractometry. The properties were investigated at a neutron wavelength of 0.162 nm. It was shown that a narrow and highly collimated and high-resolution monochromatic beam can be obtained. By using a standard polycrystalline pin of α-Fe, the resolution of the three-axis diffraction performance, namely, in the vicinity of the scattering angle 2 θ S = 90 ∘ was tested in detail. It has been found that the dispersive double-crystal (DC) setting represents a high-resolution monochromator alternative, e.g. in powder diffraction which could be used at high-flux neutron sources.

本文介绍了一种双晶体（n，-m）色散装置的一些光度、聚焦和分辨率特性，该装置包括一个作为第一轴的完全弯曲Si（111）晶体和一个由位于第二轴的四个不同的完全弯曲晶体（BPC）Si（220）、Si（400）、Ge（111）和Ge（311）组成的夹层，目的是在高分辨率衍射中可能使用。研究了在0.162nm中子波长下的性质，结果表明，可以获得窄的、高度准直的、高分辨率的单色光束。通过使用α-Fe的标准多晶pin，详细测试了三轴衍射性能的分辨率，即在散射角2θS=90∘附近。已经发现，色散双晶体（DC）设置代表了一种高分辨率单色仪的替代方案，例如，在可用于高通量中子源的粉末衍射中。

引用次数: 0

Exploring the use of neutrons to detect hydrogen embrittlement in high strength steel 利用中子检测高强度钢氢脆的探索

IF 1.1 Q3 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Journal of Neutron Research

Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.3233/jnr-210027

S. Roorda, Patrick Clancy, J. Bellemare, S. Laliberté-Riverin

With the aim of exploring neutron techniques for the non-destructive detection of hydrogen in embrittled steel, three sets of steel samples were studied with neutron scattering: Ni coated, Cd coated, and Cr coated. Each set contained a non-embrittled or low-hydrogen concentration reference and one or two embrittled and high-hydrogen concentration samples. It is observed that the incoherent scattering, when normalized by the intensity of the Bragg peak, is significantly higher for high-hydrogen concentration or embrittled samples than in the reference. Although the difference is small, this represents a non-destructive technique of detecting hydrogen embrittlement. Neutron radiography, and inelastic or small-angle scattering could not distinguish between embrittled and reference samples.

为了探索无损检测脆化钢中氢的中子技术，研究了三组中子散射钢样品：Ni涂层、Cd涂层和Cr涂层。每组包含一个非脆化或低氢浓度参考样品和一到两个脆化和高氢浓度样品。观察到，当通过布拉格峰的强度归一化时，对于高氢浓度或脆化样品，非相干散射显著高于参考中的非相干散射。尽管差异很小，但这代表了一种检测氢脆的无损技术。中子射线照相和非弹性或小角度散射无法区分脆化样品和参考样品。

引用次数: 0

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Journal of Neutron Research

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