Pub Date : 2024-03-01eCollection Date: 2023-11-30DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2682
Titus Wamulima, John Peter Masette Masaba, David Musoke, David Mukunya, Joseph Kb Matovu
Missed opportunities for Tuberculosis (TB) screening are key drivers of continued tuberculosis transmission. To determine the proportion of and factors associated with missing TB screening amongst patients who attended Bubulo and Butiru health facilities in the Manafwa district to inform future TB prevention and control efforts in Uganda. This was a facility-based, cross-sectional study with quantitative methods of data collection. 125 patients (≥18 years) with at least one symptom suggestive of TB were systematically selected and interviewed at the exit. Data analysis was done by Stata version 15, using a cluster-based logistic regression model. Of the 125 patients enrolled at both sites, 39% (n=49) were aged between 30 and 49 years; 75.2% (n=94) were females; 44% (n=55) were married while 66.4% (n=83) had a primary level of education. Of the patients enrolled in the study, 68% (n=85) had a missed opportunity for TB screening. Having a; post-primary education level (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=5.9; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]=1.3, 27.1) and attending Bubulo HCIV (AOR=0.01; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.2) were significantly associated with having a missed opportunity for TB screening. Our findings show that slightly more than two-thirds of the patients who presented to the study health facilities with symptoms suggestive of TB missed the opportunity to be screened for TB. Study findings suggest a need for interventions to increase TB screening, particularly among better-educated TB patients.
{"title":"Missed opportunity for tuberculosis screening among patients presenting at two health facilities in Manafwa district, Uganda.","authors":"Titus Wamulima, John Peter Masette Masaba, David Musoke, David Mukunya, Joseph Kb Matovu","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2682","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Missed opportunities for Tuberculosis (TB) screening are key drivers of continued tuberculosis transmission. To determine the proportion of and factors associated with missing TB screening amongst patients who attended Bubulo and Butiru health facilities in the Manafwa district to inform future TB prevention and control efforts in Uganda. This was a facility-based, cross-sectional study with quantitative methods of data collection. 125 patients (≥18 years) with at least one symptom suggestive of TB were systematically selected and interviewed at the exit. Data analysis was done by Stata version 15, using a cluster-based logistic regression model. Of the 125 patients enrolled at both sites, 39% (n=49) were aged between 30 and 49 years; 75.2% (n=94) were females; 44% (n=55) were married while 66.4% (n=83) had a primary level of education. Of the patients enrolled in the study, 68% (n=85) had a missed opportunity for TB screening. Having a; post-primary education level (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=5.9; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]=1.3, 27.1) and attending Bubulo HCIV (AOR=0.01; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.2) were significantly associated with having a missed opportunity for TB screening. Our findings show that slightly more than two-thirds of the patients who presented to the study health facilities with symptoms suggestive of TB missed the opportunity to be screened for TB. Study findings suggest a need for interventions to increase TB screening, particularly among better-educated TB patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10946296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01eCollection Date: 2023-11-30DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2436
Léonel Philibert, Patrice Ngangue, Judith Lapierre, Paulin Mulatris, Alice Prophète, Gbètogo Maxime Kiki, Gisèle Mandiangu Ntanda
Teenage pregnancy remains a global problem because of its consequences for the teenager, her child, her family, and society. In Haiti, this type of pregnancy burdens the family economy. In addition, the adolescent fertility rate is still high, despite efforts to reduce it. This article aims to analyze the perception and experiential experience of relatives of pregnant adolescents in Haiti. A qualitative study design based on Dewey's social survey was conducted. Data were collected from 17 relatives (partners, parents, guardians, and others) of pregnant adolescents in Haiti's North and Northeast departments. These data were analyzed using thematic analysis. According to the results, teenage pregnancy is seen as a disaster or a social problem in Haiti. It leads to many psychosocial and economic difficulties for the relatives, who are the only source of economic and social support for pregnant adolescents. Considering the vulnerability of relatives, policies, and interventions aimed at reducing the negative consequences of teenage pregnancy should consider this group of individuals.
{"title":"Perception and experience of relatives of pregnant teenagers: A qualitative study in the North and Northeast departments of Haiti.","authors":"Léonel Philibert, Patrice Ngangue, Judith Lapierre, Paulin Mulatris, Alice Prophète, Gbètogo Maxime Kiki, Gisèle Mandiangu Ntanda","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2436","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Teenage pregnancy remains a global problem because of its consequences for the teenager, her child, her family, and society. In Haiti, this type of pregnancy burdens the family economy. In addition, the adolescent fertility rate is still high, despite efforts to reduce it. This article aims to analyze the perception and experiential experience of relatives of pregnant adolescents in Haiti. A qualitative study design based on Dewey's social survey was conducted. Data were collected from 17 relatives (partners, parents, guardians, and others) of pregnant adolescents in Haiti's North and Northeast departments. These data were analyzed using thematic analysis. According to the results, teenage pregnancy is seen as a disaster or a social problem in Haiti. It leads to many psychosocial and economic difficulties for the relatives, who are the only source of economic and social support for pregnant adolescents. Considering the vulnerability of relatives, policies, and interventions aimed at reducing the negative consequences of teenage pregnancy should consider this group of individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10946304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spread of the COVID-19 disease to Africa has raised concerns around the resultant effects on the fragile and no-resilient health systems. Malawi reported its first COVID-19 cases early April 2020 at the time of the country’s political turmoil as the courts ruled for a re-run of presidential elections in July 2020 due to irregularities observed in the May 2019 elections. Therefore, assessing the implications of politics on the COVID-19 health systems preparedness is critical to design health systems strengthening efforts during the pandemic. We applied WHO health systems framework to assess the implications of politics on the COVID-19 on the Malawi health systems preparedness. There is population’s lack of trust in government hampering government efforts, which poses as a huge concern for Malawi to navigate through the pandemic including the health systems preparedness for the pandemic. This, coupled with mass demonstrations by the public disagreeing with the Lockdown and health service providers put across their COVID-19 related demands. Political environment and the trust people have in government is a critical determinant of how a country responds to a pandemic. In a pandemic situation like COVID-19, government’s ability in coordinating the various key stakeholders while instilling trust in people remain critical in strengthening health systems to contain and mitigate the pandemic. However, the Malawi political turmoil highlighted in this paper derails the process and efforts to contain the pandemic and timely prepare the health systems. Therefore, it is important to consider the effects of political challenges in supporting the country’s health system to prepare for such pandemics.
{"title":"Politics and implications on the COVID-19 health systems preparedness: the Malawian experience","authors":"J. Nyasulu, A. Nyondo-Mipando","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.1442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.1442","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of the COVID-19 disease to Africa has raised concerns around the resultant effects on the fragile and no-resilient health systems. Malawi reported its first COVID-19 cases early April 2020 at the time of the country’s political turmoil as the courts ruled for a re-run of presidential elections in July 2020 due to irregularities observed in the May 2019 elections. Therefore, assessing the implications of politics on the COVID-19 health systems preparedness is critical to design health systems strengthening efforts during the pandemic.\u0000We applied WHO health systems framework to assess the implications of politics on the COVID-19 on the Malawi health systems preparedness. There is population’s lack of trust in government hampering government efforts, which poses as a huge concern for Malawi to navigate through the pandemic including the health systems preparedness for the pandemic. This, coupled with mass demonstrations by the public disagreeing with the Lockdown and health service providers put across their COVID-19 related demands.\u0000Political environment and the trust people have in government is a critical determinant of how a country responds to a pandemic. In a pandemic situation like COVID-19, government’s ability in coordinating the various key stakeholders while instilling trust in people remain critical in strengthening health systems to contain and mitigate the pandemic. However, the Malawi political turmoil highlighted in this paper derails the process and efforts to contain the pandemic and timely prepare the health systems. Therefore, it is important to consider the effects of political challenges in supporting the country’s health system to prepare for such pandemics.","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Lassa fever (LF) is caused by the Lassa fever virus (LFV). It is endemic in West Africa, of which 25% of the infections are ascribed to Nigeria. This disease affects mostly the productive age and hence a proper understanding of the dynamics of this disease will help in formulating policies that would help in curbing the spread of LF. Objectives. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of quantile regression models with that of Machine Learning models. Methods. Data between between 7th January 2018 2018 and 17th December, 2022 on suspected cases, confirmed cases and deaths resulting from LF were retrieved from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). The data obtained were fitted to quantile regression models (QRM) at 25%, 50% and 75% as well as to Machine learning models. The response variable being confirmed cases and mortality due to Lassa fever in Nigeria while the independent variables were total confirmed cases, the week, month and year. Results. Result showed that the highest monthly mean confirmed cases (56) and mortality (9) from LF were reported in February. The first quarter of the year reported the highest cases of both confirmed cases and deaths in Nigeria. Result also revealed that for the confirmed cases, quantile regression at 50% outperformed the best of the MLM, Gaussian-matern5/2 GPR (RMSE= 10.3393 versus 11.615), while for mortality, the medium Gaussian SVM (RMSE =1.6441 versus 1.8352) outperformed QRM. Conclusion. Quantile regression model at 50% better captured the dynamics of the confirmed cases of LF in Nigeria while the medium Gaussian SVM better captured the mortality of LF in Nigeria. Among the features selected, confirmed cases was found to be the most important feature that drive its mortality with the implication that as the confirmed cases of Lassa fever increases, is a significant increase in its mortality. This therefore necessitates a need for a better intervention measures that will help curb Lassa fever mortality as a result of the increase in the confirmed cases. There is also a need for promotion of good community hygiene which could include; discouraging rodents from entering homes and putting food in rodent proof containers to avoid contamination to help hart the spread of Lassa fever in Nigeria.
{"title":"The Lassa fever cases and mortality in Nigeria: Quantile Regression versus Machine Learning Models","authors":"T. Samson, O. Aromolaran, T. Akingbade","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2712","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Lassa fever (LF) is caused by the Lassa fever virus (LFV). It is endemic in West Africa, of which 25% of the infections are ascribed to Nigeria. This disease affects mostly the productive age and hence a proper understanding of the dynamics of this disease will help in formulating policies that would help in curbing the spread of LF.\u0000Objectives. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of quantile regression models with that of Machine Learning models.\u0000Methods. Data between between 7th January 2018 2018 and 17th December, 2022 on suspected cases, confirmed cases and deaths resulting from LF were retrieved from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). The data obtained were fitted to quantile regression models (QRM) at 25%, 50% and 75% as well as to Machine learning models. The response variable being confirmed cases and mortality due to Lassa fever in Nigeria while the independent variables were total confirmed cases, the week, month and year.\u0000Results. Result showed that the highest monthly mean confirmed cases (56) and mortality (9) from LF were reported in February. The first quarter of the year reported the highest cases of both confirmed cases and deaths in Nigeria. Result also revealed that for the confirmed cases, quantile regression at 50% outperformed the best of the MLM, Gaussian-matern5/2 GPR (RMSE= 10.3393 versus 11.615), while for mortality, the medium Gaussian SVM (RMSE =1.6441 versus 1.8352) outperformed QRM.\u0000Conclusion. Quantile regression model at 50% better captured the dynamics of the confirmed cases of LF in Nigeria while the medium Gaussian SVM better captured the mortality of LF in Nigeria. Among the features selected, confirmed cases was found to be the most important feature that drive its mortality with the implication that as the confirmed cases of Lassa fever increases, is a significant increase in its mortality. This therefore necessitates a need for a better intervention measures that will help curb Lassa fever mortality as a result of the increase in the confirmed cases. There is also a need for promotion of good community hygiene which could include; discouraging rodents from entering homes and putting food in rodent proof containers to avoid contamination to help hart the spread of Lassa fever in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study appraised the implementers’ perspective of the program’s existing administrative and management; coordination and collaboration; and financing and accountability capacities to deliver its malaria prevention and control mandate. Method: The instrument used was a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from an already existing National Malaria Programme’s Capacity Assessment tool. Being a widely used open-source program tool, a pretest was done to ascertain its suitability and applicability to the study context and for field assistants to gain familiarity with it. The total population sampling method was used due to the small size of the target population. The target population/sample size was therefore 137, comprising the State Malaria Technical Working Group members, key officers of Cross River State Malaria Elimination Program (CRSMEP), and the Local Government Areas (LGA) Malaria implementing teams. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Each element per section of the questionnaire was weighted using the Likert scale and calculated using simple percentages. Results: Research results showed that the malaria program at the State and LGA level have adequate administrative and management capacity with confirmation by 64% and 82.1% of respondents respectively. 80% of respondents confirmed average coordination and collaboration capacity at the State level while 50% of respondents at the LGA level confirmed that the program has adequate coordination and collaboration capacity. For financing and accountability capacity, 36% of respondents affirmed that there is average capacity at the State level while 37.5% confirmed that there is no capacity at LGA level. Conclusion: The study revealed the program’s capacity gaps at State and LGA in the 3 aforementioned key areas. Therefore, interventions to address the capacity gaps are training/re-training of program staff and health workers on program management, administration, and finance, establishing performance management and accountability mechanisms, conducting evidence-based advocacy visits to policymakers for prioritizing allocating and releasing funds for malaria control activities, especially for intervention areas that are not supported by donor/partner organizations.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Administrative, Coordination, and Financing Capacity of the Sub-National Malaria Elimination Programs in Nigeria: A Case Study of Cross River State.","authors":"Godwin John","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2276","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study appraised the implementers’ perspective of the program’s existing administrative and management; coordination and collaboration; and financing and accountability capacities to deliver its malaria prevention and control mandate. Method: The instrument used was a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from an already existing National Malaria Programme’s Capacity Assessment tool. Being a widely used open-source program tool, a pretest was done to ascertain its suitability and applicability to the study context and for field assistants to gain familiarity with it. The total population sampling method was used due to the small size of the target population. The target population/sample size was therefore 137, comprising the State Malaria Technical Working Group members, key officers of Cross River State Malaria Elimination Program (CRSMEP), and the Local Government Areas (LGA) Malaria implementing teams. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Each element per section of the questionnaire was weighted using the Likert scale and calculated using simple percentages. Results: Research results showed that the malaria program at the State and LGA level have adequate administrative and management capacity with confirmation by 64% and 82.1% of respondents respectively. 80% of respondents confirmed average coordination and collaboration capacity at the State level while 50% of respondents at the LGA level confirmed that the program has adequate coordination and collaboration capacity. For financing and accountability capacity, 36% of respondents affirmed that there is average capacity at the State level while 37.5% confirmed that there is no capacity at LGA level. Conclusion: The study revealed the program’s capacity gaps at State and LGA in the 3 aforementioned key areas. Therefore, interventions to address the capacity gaps are training/re-training of program staff and health workers on program management, administration, and finance, establishing performance management and accountability mechanisms, conducting evidence-based advocacy visits to policymakers for prioritizing allocating and releasing funds for malaria control activities, especially for intervention areas that are not supported by donor/partner organizations.","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Despite WHO recommendations to reduce the global prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age by 2025, anemia remains a truly global public health problem, especially among pregnant women. Objective: The objective of our study was to examine the relationship between anemia and the place of residence in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six health facilities between December 2018 and March 2019. Anemia was diagnosed using HemoCue HB 301 and a hemoglobin concentration <11 g/dl was classified as anemic. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to examine relation between anemia and the place of residence in pregnant women. Results: A total of 1027 pregnant women were included in the study. The average age of females was 25.79 ± 6.02 years. The prevalence of anemia was 57.2% (585/1023). In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, wealth, education and parity, women living in rural areas were more likely to be anemic compared to women living in urban areas (ORa=1.33; 95% CI [1.01-1,74]. Conclusions: Rural women are more likely to be anemic. Strategies to prevent anemia among pregnant women need to be strengthened in rural areas.
{"title":"The persistence of a high prevalence of anemia in rural areas among pregnant women in Burkina Faso","authors":"F. Garanet, Gerard Sampabré, A. A. Tinta","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2734","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite WHO recommendations to reduce the global prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age by 2025, anemia remains a truly global public health problem, especially among pregnant women. \u0000Objective: The objective of our study was to examine the relationship between anemia and the place of residence in pregnant women.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six health facilities between December 2018 and March 2019. Anemia was diagnosed using HemoCue HB 301 and a hemoglobin concentration <11 g/dl was classified as anemic. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to examine relation between anemia and the place of residence in pregnant women.\u0000Results: A total of 1027 pregnant women were included in the study. The average age of females was 25.79 ± 6.02 years. The prevalence of anemia was 57.2% (585/1023). In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, wealth, education and parity, women living in rural areas were more likely to be anemic compared to women living in urban areas (ORa=1.33; 95% CI [1.01-1,74].\u0000Conclusions: Rural women are more likely to be anemic. Strategies to prevent anemia among pregnant women need to be strengthened in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Gahimbare, Ambele Judith Mwamelo, Yahaya Ali Ahmed, Walter Fuller, Ponnu Payidara, Pravarsha Prakash, Anand Balachandran, E. L. Makubalo
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major 21st century global health challenge. The WHO African Region Member States committed to develop and implement multisectoral national action plans (NAPs) that address AMR, in line with the Global Action Plan on AMR (GAP). Objective: The aim of this paper is to present the progress of AMR response in the WHO African Region based on the annual Tracking AMR Country Self-Assessment Survey (TrACSS), with a focus on human health indicators. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of responses from forty-one countries that participated in the 2021 TrACSS. Results: Of the 41 countries that responded to the 2021 TrACSS, 35(85%) have developed NAPs. Fifteen 15(37%) of countries have functional AMR multisector working groups. 55% (21/41) of countries are collating data nationally on AMR surveillance. Forty nine percent of countries conducted small-scale AMR awareness campaigns and 53% (21/41) covered AMR in some pre- and in-service training for human health workers. While 83% of countries reported having laws and regulations on the prescription and sale of antimicrobials, only 32% (13/41) have national systems for monitoring antimicrobial use. Twenty-three (58%, 23/41) reported having Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programs at select health facilities. Conclusion: Countries have developed and are implementing AMR NAPs. Gaps still exist across key indicators monitored through TrACSS. Effective AMR response requires established functional multisectoral governance mechanisms in the One Health approach; political commitment, sustainable funding, and clear monitoring and reporting is critical.
背景：抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是 21 世纪全球卫生面临的一项重大挑战。世卫组织非洲地区成员国承诺根据《全球抗菌药物耐药性行动计划》（GAP）制定并实施应对抗菌药物耐药性的多部门国家行动计划（NAP）：本文旨在根据年度跟踪 AMR 国家自我评估调查 (TrACSS)，介绍世卫组织非洲地区应对 AMR 的进展情况，重点关注人类健康指标：这是对参加2021年TrACSS的41个国家的答复进行的二次数据分析：在参与 2021 年 TrACSS 调查的 41 个国家中，有 35 个国家（85%）制定了国家行动方案。15个国家（37%）设立了功能性 AMR 多部门工作组。55%的国家（21/41）正在整理本国的 AMR 监测数据。49% 的国家开展了小规模的 AMR 宣传活动，53% 的国家（21/41）在对卫生工作者的一些岗前和在职培训中涉及 AMR。虽然 83% 的国家报告已制定了有关抗菌药物处方和销售的法律法规，但只有 32% 的国家（13/41）建立了监测抗菌药物使用情况的国家系统。23个国家（58%，23/41）报告在选定的医疗机构中实施了感染预防与控制（IPC）计划。结论：各国已制定并正在实施 AMR 国家行动计划。通过 TrACSS 监测的主要指标之间仍存在差距。有效的 AMR 应对措施需要在 "一个健康 "方法中建立功能性多部门治理机制；政治承诺、可持续供资以及明确的监测和报告至关重要。
{"title":"Monitoring progress on antimicrobial resistance response in the WHO African Region: Insights from the Tracking AMR Country Self-Assessment Survey (TrACSS) 2021. Results for the Human Health Sector","authors":"L. Gahimbare, Ambele Judith Mwamelo, Yahaya Ali Ahmed, Walter Fuller, Ponnu Payidara, Pravarsha Prakash, Anand Balachandran, E. L. Makubalo","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2392","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major 21st century global health challenge. The WHO African Region Member States committed to develop and implement multisectoral national action plans (NAPs) that address AMR, in line with the Global Action Plan on AMR (GAP).\u0000Objective: The aim of this paper is to present the progress of AMR response in the WHO African Region based on the annual Tracking AMR Country Self-Assessment Survey (TrACSS), with a focus on human health indicators.\u0000Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of responses from forty-one countries that participated in the 2021 TrACSS.\u0000Results: Of the 41 countries that responded to the 2021 TrACSS, 35(85%) have developed NAPs. Fifteen 15(37%) of countries have functional AMR multisector working groups. 55% (21/41) of countries are collating data nationally on AMR surveillance. Forty nine percent of countries conducted small-scale AMR awareness campaigns and 53% (21/41) covered AMR in some pre- and in-service training for human health workers. While 83% of countries reported having laws and regulations on the prescription and sale of antimicrobials, only 32% (13/41) have national systems for monitoring antimicrobial use. Twenty-three (58%, 23/41) reported having Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programs at select health facilities.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Countries have developed and are implementing AMR NAPs. Gaps still exist across key indicators monitored through TrACSS. Effective AMR response requires established functional multisectoral governance mechanisms in the One Health approach; political commitment, sustainable funding, and clear monitoring and reporting is critical.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yolaine Glèlè Ahanhanzo, Alphonse Kpozehouen, Lamidhi Salami, Nicolas Gaffan, Bella Hounkpè Dos Santos, Alain Levêque
Background: Fatigue while driving is one of the risk factors of road crashes. It’s still poorly considered in interventions because of insufficient literature. In addition, the literature on this issue doesn’t focus on two-wheelers, the most frequent users in the Benin context. Objective: The study examined the prevalence of fatigue while driving among two-wheeled vehicle drivers and the related factors. Methods: It’s a secondary baseline data analysis from a cohort of road crash victims recruited from five hospitals in the country. Patients who identified themselves as drivers during the accident were included. Data on individual characteristics, including fatigue status in the moments preceding the collision, and other risk factors and environmental settings, were extracted. We used multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among the respondents, 12.20% (95% CI=10.20-14.53) reported fatigue in the moments preceding the collision. The odds of fatigue while driving were significantly higher in male drivers (aOR = 3.60; 95% CI=1.08-11.98), during professional trips (aOR = 2.09; 95% CI=1.30-3.37), in non-helmet wearers (aOR = 1.85; 95% CI=1.09-3.13), in users of stimulants (aOR = 3.13; 95% CI=1.50-6.54), in those with a history of chronic diseases (aOR = 1.95; 95% CI=1.16-3.27), at dusk (aOR = 4.22; 95% CI=2.22-8.02), at night (aOR = 6.90; 95% CI=3.95-12.05), and on Inter-State National Roads (aOR = 2.01; 95% CI=1.18-3.43). Conclusion: Fatigue is a risk factor for road crashes in Benin, associated with other risk factors that highlight particularly vulnerable profiles and groups. Integrating prevention policies based on these cumulative risk factors will result in efficiency improvements
{"title":"Determinants of fatigue while driving among two-wheeled vehicle drivers: Exploratory approach from secondary analysis based on hospital data, Benin","authors":"Yolaine Glèlè Ahanhanzo, Alphonse Kpozehouen, Lamidhi Salami, Nicolas Gaffan, Bella Hounkpè Dos Santos, Alain Levêque","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2601","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fatigue while driving is one of the risk factors of road crashes. It’s still poorly considered in interventions because of insufficient literature. In addition, the literature on this issue doesn’t focus on two-wheelers, the most frequent users in the Benin context. \u0000Objective: The study examined the prevalence of fatigue while driving among two-wheeled vehicle drivers and the related factors. \u0000Methods: It’s a secondary baseline data analysis from a cohort of road crash victims recruited from five hospitals in the country. Patients who identified themselves as drivers during the accident were included. Data on individual characteristics, including fatigue status in the moments preceding the collision, and other risk factors and environmental settings, were extracted. We used multivariate logistic regression. \u0000Results: Among the respondents, 12.20% (95% CI=10.20-14.53) reported fatigue in the moments preceding the collision. The odds of fatigue while driving were significantly higher in male drivers (aOR = 3.60; 95% CI=1.08-11.98), during professional trips (aOR = 2.09; 95% CI=1.30-3.37), in non-helmet wearers (aOR = 1.85; 95% CI=1.09-3.13), in users of stimulants (aOR = 3.13; 95% CI=1.50-6.54), in those with a history of chronic diseases (aOR = 1.95; 95% CI=1.16-3.27), at dusk (aOR = 4.22; 95% CI=2.22-8.02), at night (aOR = 6.90; 95% CI=3.95-12.05), and on Inter-State National Roads (aOR = 2.01; 95% CI=1.18-3.43). \u0000Conclusion: Fatigue is a risk factor for road crashes in Benin, associated with other risk factors that highlight particularly vulnerable profiles and groups. Integrating prevention policies based on these cumulative risk factors will result in efficiency improvements","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Yamani, Juniastuti Juniastuti, Ni Luh Ayu Megasari, Takako Utsumi, Nur Sahila, Alifia Salma Pangestika, Serius Miliyani Dwi Putri, Chung-Yi Li, Santi Martini, M. A. Isfandiari, M. Lusida
Indonesia began deploying a COVID-19 vaccine in January 2021, prioritising vaccination for high-risk groups such as healthcare workers, the elderly and those with comorbidities, and ending with the general public due to limited vaccine availability. Our study aimed to evaluate antibody response in Indonesians who had received two doses of the vaccine versus those who had not. The study design was a cohort study involving 46 unvaccinated people and 23 people who had received the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine over three months ago. Methods used for the qualitative and quantitative detection of IgG antibodies included rapid RI-GHA and ELISA tests. Findings showed that positive IgG antibodies qualitatively detected by the rapid RI-GHA test were significantly higher in those vaccinated (60.9%) than in unvaccinated people (26.1%). Using the ELISA assay, all vaccinated individuals qualitatively showed positive antibodies (cut-off ≥4.33 BAU/mL), and the average quantitative titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 s-RBD IgG was significantly higher in vaccinated (157.06±238.68 BAU/mL) than in unvaccinated (51.90 ± 87.60 BAU/ml) individuals. Some unvaccinated individuals had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which could be due to asymptomatic or symptomatic infection without history of COVID-19 realising, although their mean antibody titers were certainly lower than those in the 2-dose vaccinated group. Approximately 56% of vaccinated individuals had antibody titers above 60 BAU/mL (as a cut-off for protective threshold), a significantly higher proportion than unvaccinated individuals. In conclusion, vaccination with two doses increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies which resulted in enhanced immunity against symptomatic COVID-19.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody status in unvaccinated and 2-dose vaccinated Indonesians","authors":"Laura Yamani, Juniastuti Juniastuti, Ni Luh Ayu Megasari, Takako Utsumi, Nur Sahila, Alifia Salma Pangestika, Serius Miliyani Dwi Putri, Chung-Yi Li, Santi Martini, M. A. Isfandiari, M. Lusida","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2697","url":null,"abstract":" Indonesia began deploying a COVID-19 vaccine in January 2021, prioritising vaccination for high-risk groups such as healthcare workers, the elderly and those with comorbidities, and ending with the general public due to limited vaccine availability. Our study aimed to evaluate antibody response in Indonesians who had received two doses of the vaccine versus those who had not. The study design was a cohort study involving 46 unvaccinated people and 23 people who had received the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine over three months ago. Methods used for the qualitative and quantitative detection of IgG antibodies included rapid RI-GHA and ELISA tests. Findings showed that positive IgG antibodies qualitatively detected by the rapid RI-GHA test were significantly higher in those vaccinated (60.9%) than in unvaccinated people (26.1%). Using the ELISA assay, all vaccinated individuals qualitatively showed positive antibodies (cut-off ≥4.33 BAU/mL), and the average quantitative titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 s-RBD IgG was significantly higher in vaccinated (157.06±238.68 BAU/mL) than in unvaccinated (51.90 ± 87.60 BAU/ml) individuals. Some unvaccinated individuals had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which could be due to asymptomatic or symptomatic infection without history of COVID-19 realising, although their mean antibody titers were certainly lower than those in the 2-dose vaccinated group. Approximately 56% of vaccinated individuals had antibody titers above 60 BAU/mL (as a cut-off for protective threshold), a significantly higher proportion than unvaccinated individuals. In conclusion, vaccination with two doses increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies which resulted in enhanced immunity against symptomatic COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As soon as the COVID-19 pandemic appeared, the Moroccan education ministry decided to adopt distance learning (DL). Our target was to study the psychological impact of DL on Moroccan teachers during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Among 148 responses, 64.9% were women, and the average age was 41.1±11.5 years. 79.1% participated in DL, 58.8% were required to acquire DL tools and 71.6% had never received DL training. Between the start and the end of confinement, we noticed a decrease in the motivation of teachers.36.2% had definite depressive symptomatology and 41.3% had certain anxiety symptomatology with a significant predominance in women. The frequencies of depression and anxiety were higher in those who had participated in DL, but the association was not significant. Depression was significantly frequent among teachers who were obliged to acquire tools to practice DL P=0.02, those who had never received training DL P=0.046, and those who were not satisfied with the situation P=0.03. We didn't find a direct association between DL and anxiety and depression, which the small sample size may explain, but we did find an association with the variables related to DL.
{"title":"Abrupt introduction of distance learning during the covid-19 pandemic: What psychological impact on teachers?","authors":"Hanane Aissaoui, Mariam Atassi, Asmae Lekfif, Mohammed Amine Bouazzaoui, Asmae Yeznasni, Sanae Sabbar, Naima Abda","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2024.2786","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2024.2786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As soon as the COVID-19 pandemic appeared, the Moroccan education ministry decided to adopt distance learning (DL). Our target was to study the psychological impact of DL on Moroccan teachers during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Among 148 responses, 64.9% were women, and the average age was 41.1±11.5 years. 79.1% participated in DL, 58.8% were required to acquire DL tools and 71.6% had never received DL training. Between the start and the end of confinement, we noticed a decrease in the motivation of teachers.36.2% had definite depressive symptomatology and 41.3% had certain anxiety symptomatology with a significant predominance in women. The frequencies of depression and anxiety were higher in those who had participated in DL, but the association was not significant. Depression was significantly frequent among teachers who were obliged to acquire tools to practice DL P=0.02, those who had never received training DL P=0.046, and those who were not satisfied with the situation P=0.03. We didn't find a direct association between DL and anxiety and depression, which the small sample size may explain, but we did find an association with the variables related to DL.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10801400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139522077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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