Journal of Public Health in Africa最新文献

Background: Community screening could be an effective strategy for identifying people with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in low-income countries.

Aim: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM and its risk factors.

Setting: This study was conducted in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, including consenting population (≥ 18 years). Data were collected from 11 November 2020 to 16 November 2020, in five fix sites after a 10-day information campaign on T2DM. The SD CodeFreeTM glucose analyser was used to diagnose T2DM. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associate factors.

Results: A total of 1200 (95%) volunteered out of 1330 people were enrolled, which included 667 (52.27%) women. The mean age was 34.16 years (standard deviation: 12.42). Overall, 40.28% were abdominally obese and 31.43% hypertensive. The prevalence of T2DM was 10.74% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 9.15; 12.56). In multivariate analysis, being aged or greater than 35 years (adjusted odds ratio [ORa]: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.42; 3.72), having a family history of diabetes (ORa = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.006; 2.40), being overweight (ORa = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.09; 2.62), being obese (ORa = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.08; 3.00), being a known hypertensive (ORa = 2.92 95% CI: 1.64; 5.19) and having high blood pressure on the day of the survey (ORa = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.22; 2.85) increased significantly the probability to present T2DM.

Conclusion: Community screening is useful to identify T2DM. A national programme to control diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors is urgently needed in Burkina Faso.

Contribution: This study will enable early detection of diabetes mellitus and its management in order to prevent or delay the onset of complications.

Background: Following the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, academicians from the universities in Malaysia needed to ensure that the quality-of-service delivery to the stakeholders is undisturbed by adopting new challenging norms. This compromises the work-life balance (WLB), causes more stress and potentially affects their quality of life (QoL).

Aim: This study investigates how perceived stress (PS) impacts the QoL of Malaysian academicians during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the mediating role of WLB.

Setting: Academics working in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A cross-sectional study, using a voluntary response sampling method, was conducted among 417 academicians from universities in Malaysia in September 2021. A self-reported online questionnaire, measuring PS, WLB and QoL, was distributed.

Results: The QoL scored a mean of 50 (standard deviation [s.d.] = 9.84), PS scored a mean of 24.26 (s.d. = 8.19) and WLB had a mean score of 51.12 (s.d. = 18.73). Work-life balance was a significant mediator of PS and QoL (β = -0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.52 to -0.35, p = 0.0001). Perceived stress was a significant predictor of WLB (β = 1.62, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion: Institutions should consider implementing flexible working arrangements, and providing workshops on crisis management, time management, and resilience. Stress coping methods are recommended for enhancing WLB among academicians.

Contribution: This study contributes to the pool of evidence to support intervention strategies and policy recommendations aimed to enhance well-being.

Background: The Collaboration for Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health in Africa (CEBHA+) developed and offered a course on evidence-based public health (EBPH) in five sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries to enhance individual and institutional capacity.

Aim: This study aims to assess, compare and learn from implementing the CEBHA+ EBPH course using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and Practical, Robust, Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM).

Setting: This study involved CEHBA+ partner universities in five countries in SSA.

Methods: We developed a framework that draws on signalling questions for RE-AIM and PRISM dimensions. Country teams reflected on, discussed and mapped unique experiences. Using this framework, we then elicited common themes across countries and distilled country-specific experiences through virtual discussions.

Results: Across countries, 130 public health practitioners, researchers and students completed the course (Reach). The course increased EBPH knowledge and skills and the capacity to teach EBPH and resulted in immediate opportunities for applying skills (Effectiveness). Hybrid offering in two countries presented challenges regarding Internet connectivity and hybrid discussions. Facilitators had previous training in teaching EBPH. While learning material was the same across countries, the content was adapted to represent local public health priorities (Implementation, Adoption). Course materials have informed other related training leading to spin-offs (Maintenance). Institutionalisation is dependent on external funding.

Conclusion: Strengthening EBPH capacity across contexts is feasible. Curricula containing both core and contextualised elements create an authentic learning environment. Formal evaluations should be embedded within capacity-strengthening initiatives.

Contribution: This is the first study evaluating EBPH training in SSA using an implementation science lens, offering learning about context-relevant adaptations that assist with plans for sustainability and scale.

Public health issues should be a focal concern for public leaders. A critical moment for articulating intended policies is during elections. At this time, candidates present significant ideas and proposals derived from the evaluation and reflection on the previous administration's governance. This approach ensures that the proposed programmes are grounded in evidence. In 2024, Indonesia conducted general elections, amid significant public health challenges such as the persistently high prevalence of stunting and poor maternal and child health outcomes. The Prabowo-Gibran, who then won the election, focused their campaign on providing free food and milk. This campaign appears to be unsupported by a comprehensive improvement plan, leading to the impression that public health issues are merely used to enhance electoral appeal.