Abstract:Much fanfare surrounded the recent twenty-fifth anniversary of the Poetry in Motion public arts program, established in 1992 by The Poetry Society of America and the New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority to display poems on New York’s public transit. This article examines Poetry in Motion as a useful miniature portrait of recent evolutions in American poetic culture, focusing on its most long-standing instantiation in New York City and drawing on scholarship on American verse-reading practices and on interviews with program officials. By doing so, it argues that Poetry in Motion has since its origins served conflicting aims: in certain ways bolstering the authorizing force of official verse culture and subtly propagating conservative interpretative practices, yet also advocating ever more diverse poets and allowing readers to engage their work subversively. To attain those unstated goals that are sometimes in tension, the program overtly frames featured poems in ways that encourage old-fashioned lyric reading practices mirroring those still disseminated in many classrooms. However, Poetry in Motion also increasingly acknowledges readers’ agency, which makes it unlikely those will be the only approaches applied. Its contours thereby elucidate how all institutions of verse culture have evolved in recent decades, whether willingly or begrudgingly.
{"title":"Colloquial Circulations: The Poetry Society of America’s Poetry in Motion Public Transportation Project","authors":"L. Vrana","doi":"10.1353/lit.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Much fanfare surrounded the recent twenty-fifth anniversary of the Poetry in Motion public arts program, established in 1992 by The Poetry Society of America and the New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority to display poems on New York’s public transit. This article examines Poetry in Motion as a useful miniature portrait of recent evolutions in American poetic culture, focusing on its most long-standing instantiation in New York City and drawing on scholarship on American verse-reading practices and on interviews with program officials. By doing so, it argues that Poetry in Motion has since its origins served conflicting aims: in certain ways bolstering the authorizing force of official verse culture and subtly propagating conservative interpretative practices, yet also advocating ever more diverse poets and allowing readers to engage their work subversively. To attain those unstated goals that are sometimes in tension, the program overtly frames featured poems in ways that encourage old-fashioned lyric reading practices mirroring those still disseminated in many classrooms. However, Poetry in Motion also increasingly acknowledges readers’ agency, which makes it unlikely those will be the only approaches applied. Its contours thereby elucidate how all institutions of verse culture have evolved in recent decades, whether willingly or begrudgingly.","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"49 1","pages":"202 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42470178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article uses John Donne’s Devotions alongside the devotional texts of seventeenth-century women writers in order to demonstrate an early modern cultural impulse toward using scientific observational methods to gain knowledge of individual salvation. These women writers often observed the soul through practices similar to those used in the budding new science community in their personal spiritual and devotional writings. These texts suggest that women were not only active and independent in their own social lives, but also that women writers should play an important role in our understanding of seventeenth-century English Protestantism and its anticipation of the coming Scientific Revolution. Donne works as a tool through which we may view and understand the cultural swings of the seventeenth century in England, while the women writers demonstrate the widespread cultural use of observational techniques for understanding personal spirituality.
{"title":"John Donne and Scientific Observations of the Soul","authors":"Chelsea McKelvey","doi":"10.1353/lit.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article uses John Donne’s Devotions alongside the devotional texts of seventeenth-century women writers in order to demonstrate an early modern cultural impulse toward using scientific observational methods to gain knowledge of individual salvation. These women writers often observed the soul through practices similar to those used in the budding new science community in their personal spiritual and devotional writings. These texts suggest that women were not only active and independent in their own social lives, but also that women writers should play an important role in our understanding of seventeenth-century English Protestantism and its anticipation of the coming Scientific Revolution. Donne works as a tool through which we may view and understand the cultural swings of the seventeenth century in England, while the women writers demonstrate the widespread cultural use of observational techniques for understanding personal spirituality.","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"49 1","pages":"316 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44215997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:Jonathan Swift's A Tale of a Tub and Gulliver's Travels have been read as participating in a wider debate, the Quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns, and as critiques of the rise of the New Sciences and the study of the "Book of Nature." The essay argues that Swift viewed the Modern preoccupation with nature as emblematic of the desire to return to a pre-cultural state of chaos and violence. Far from being an attempt to step into nature as a way of arriving at empirical truth, thus, these works hint at Swift's notion that the Modern return to nature represented dissolution of human culture. In addition, the essay discusses the afterlife of Swift's notions of the Modern as inherently anti-cultural through the work of Great War poet David Jones and his postwar masterpiece In Parenthesis.
{"title":"Jonathan Swift and the Nature of Modern Violence","authors":"Ron Ben-Tovim","doi":"10.1353/lit.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Jonathan Swift's A Tale of a Tub and Gulliver's Travels have been read as participating in a wider debate, the Quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns, and as critiques of the rise of the New Sciences and the study of the \"Book of Nature.\" The essay argues that Swift viewed the Modern preoccupation with nature as emblematic of the desire to return to a pre-cultural state of chaos and violence. Far from being an attempt to step into nature as a way of arriving at empirical truth, thus, these works hint at Swift's notion that the Modern return to nature represented dissolution of human culture. In addition, the essay discusses the afterlife of Swift's notions of the Modern as inherently anti-cultural through the work of Great War poet David Jones and his postwar masterpiece In Parenthesis.","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"49 1","pages":"138 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42375850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:The perceived dichotomy between distant and close reading continues to shape conversations about the digital humanities. This debate has functioned as a red herring, overshadowing misreadings of computational work. Drawing on two case studies, I argue that the information produced from computational methods should be understood as a type of context, rather than as data or as a textual "reading." Viewing computational output as context implies that impartial and flawed methods can still supply valuable information. This is a radical departure from the field's current preoccupation with methodological validity. My first case study looks at Google's flawed learning algorithm Perspective. I posit that the tool can be reverse engineered to examine racist and sexist attitudes. I also examine my computational study of direct address in 2,000 Anglophone novels. Despite technical flaws, the project facilitated the textual recovery and close reading of several nineteenth-century African-American novels. As these examples show, the computational analysis of literature produces information that, much like biographical and historical context, is in its own right subjective and incomplete but can be used to provoke further acts of interpretation.
{"title":"Computation as Context: New Approaches to the Close/Distant Reading Debate","authors":"Kirilloff Gabi","doi":"10.1353/lit.2022.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2022.0000","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The perceived dichotomy between distant and close reading continues to shape conversations about the digital humanities. This debate has functioned as a red herring, overshadowing misreadings of computational work. Drawing on two case studies, I argue that the information produced from computational methods should be understood as a type of context, rather than as data or as a textual \"reading.\" Viewing computational output as context implies that impartial and flawed methods can still supply valuable information. This is a radical departure from the field's current preoccupation with methodological validity. My first case study looks at Google's flawed learning algorithm Perspective. I posit that the tool can be reverse engineered to examine racist and sexist attitudes. I also examine my computational study of direct address in 2,000 Anglophone novels. Despite technical flaws, the project facilitated the textual recovery and close reading of several nineteenth-century African-American novels. As these examples show, the computational analysis of literature produces information that, much like biographical and historical context, is in its own right subjective and incomplete but can be used to provoke further acts of interpretation.","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"49 1","pages":"1 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43584530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:This article argues that the world is sick, and can only be treated by the way-of-seeing propounded by deliberately-cultivated queer children. Insofar as Emma's Donoghue's Jack is a relationally-capacious, gender-nonconforming child, he offers instruction on how to reassess any number of norming social contracts, including those underpinning fossil-fuel extraction and procreative sexuality. This article proposes that "queer" children, as nurtured by the caregivers who oversee their training in unsettling heteropatriarchy, provide a real-life model for creating sustainable kinship between the human and nonhuman world. Room is not typically mined for its environmental lessons; all the same, as this article demonstrates, Jack provides a blueprint for enabling worthwhile survival on an otherwise imminently eco-apocalyptic earth.
{"title":"Castration Desire: Less is More in Emma Donoghue's Room","authors":"Robinson Murphy","doi":"10.1353/lit.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article argues that the world is sick, and can only be treated by the way-of-seeing propounded by deliberately-cultivated queer children. Insofar as Emma's Donoghue's Jack is a relationally-capacious, gender-nonconforming child, he offers instruction on how to reassess any number of norming social contracts, including those underpinning fossil-fuel extraction and procreative sexuality. This article proposes that \"queer\" children, as nurtured by the caregivers who oversee their training in unsettling heteropatriarchy, provide a real-life model for creating sustainable kinship between the human and nonhuman world. Room is not typically mined for its environmental lessons; all the same, as this article demonstrates, Jack provides a blueprint for enabling worthwhile survival on an otherwise imminently eco-apocalyptic earth.","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"49 1","pages":"53 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48545417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:Ella Hickson's Oil is the first and only work in modern and contemporary Anglo-American drama that takes Oil and its concomitant existential-psychological, social-political and economic implications as its sole, sustained focal point. Undertaking an exploration of Hickson's Oil, this essay seeks to demonstrate how Oil, as a paradigmatic example of world dramas, constitutes a potent means to register not only the world-systemic nature of petro-capitalism, but also the different meanings of "oil" available in different historical moments, social systems, and world cultures. Indeed, the thematics and dynamics of Oil demand that we probe the meanings of oil under such rubrics as oil as commodity, social agent, social relation, cultural signifier, hyper-object, and, above all, an impossible object of desire. Accordingly, the crux of this essay is an exploration of this pivotal facet of oil: oil as a traumatic and aporetic object of desire along with the questions of racial and gender politics and ethics implicated in it. Finally, pondering the questions of the politics and ethics of gender in conjunction with the economy of gendered subjectivity, I demonstrate how May, and later Amy, come to varyingly embody a neoliberalist vision of selfhood and subjective autonomy, mode of self-governmentality, and, finally, understanding of freedom and self-worth. Ultimately, the essay argues how Hickson's Oil presents a bio-energetic deconstruction of the Eurocentric account of modernity subjectivity (and its ultimate value: autonomy) by exposing its material conditions of possibility and its uneven, core-periphery economic dynamics.
{"title":"\"As an illuminator the Oil is without a figure—it is the light of the age\": Traumas and Aporias of Oil as a Global Object of Desire in Ella Hickson's Oil","authors":"A. Fakhrkonandeh","doi":"10.1353/lit.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Ella Hickson's Oil is the first and only work in modern and contemporary Anglo-American drama that takes Oil and its concomitant existential-psychological, social-political and economic implications as its sole, sustained focal point. Undertaking an exploration of Hickson's Oil, this essay seeks to demonstrate how Oil, as a paradigmatic example of world dramas, constitutes a potent means to register not only the world-systemic nature of petro-capitalism, but also the different meanings of \"oil\" available in different historical moments, social systems, and world cultures. Indeed, the thematics and dynamics of Oil demand that we probe the meanings of oil under such rubrics as oil as commodity, social agent, social relation, cultural signifier, hyper-object, and, above all, an impossible object of desire. Accordingly, the crux of this essay is an exploration of this pivotal facet of oil: oil as a traumatic and aporetic object of desire along with the questions of racial and gender politics and ethics implicated in it. Finally, pondering the questions of the politics and ethics of gender in conjunction with the economy of gendered subjectivity, I demonstrate how May, and later Amy, come to varyingly embody a neoliberalist vision of selfhood and subjective autonomy, mode of self-governmentality, and, finally, understanding of freedom and self-worth. Ultimately, the essay argues how Hickson's Oil presents a bio-energetic deconstruction of the Eurocentric account of modernity subjectivity (and its ultimate value: autonomy) by exposing its material conditions of possibility and its uneven, core-periphery economic dynamics.","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"49 1","pages":"103 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43924512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:Informed by Bruno Latour's conceptualization of the social, this essay traces the trajectory of Samuel Beckett's phrase "fail better," from the 1983 novella Worstward Ho, as it intersects with discourses within disciplines such as business, science, and education. In doing so, it details the functions the phrase serves as it becomes enmeshed in these discourses, suggesting that it often works to construct both individual and communal identity. Additionally, the phrase, when fully situated within these discourses, accumulates new significance, which increases its utility within each discourse while simultaneously facilitating comparison between discourses. The essay culminates in a discussion of the role of literary scholars as mediators between the phrase's diverse contexts and how they might leverage the position of the phrase (and other similar phrases) within these discourses to enhance the influence of literary texts and, by extension, literary criticism.
{"title":"The Allure of \"Fail Better\": Uses of Beckett's Modernist Cliché","authors":"Oliver Wallis","doi":"10.1353/lit.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Informed by Bruno Latour's conceptualization of the social, this essay traces the trajectory of Samuel Beckett's phrase \"fail better,\" from the 1983 novella Worstward Ho, as it intersects with discourses within disciplines such as business, science, and education. In doing so, it details the functions the phrase serves as it becomes enmeshed in these discourses, suggesting that it often works to construct both individual and communal identity. Additionally, the phrase, when fully situated within these discourses, accumulates new significance, which increases its utility within each discourse while simultaneously facilitating comparison between discourses. The essay culminates in a discussion of the role of literary scholars as mediators between the phrase's diverse contexts and how they might leverage the position of the phrase (and other similar phrases) within these discourses to enhance the influence of literary texts and, by extension, literary criticism.","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"49 1","pages":"26 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42377839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:In this essay I explore the place of secularism in Tabish Khair's novel, How to Fight Islamist Terror from the Missionary Position. More specifically, I argue that the novel's narrator, a secular Muslim academic in Denmark, harbors a particular kind of secularism that is explicitly hostile to Islam, a hostility that is borne, in large part, from anxieties about terrorism and xenophobia. The narrator's version of secularism, however, raises the question of how secularism and postcolonialism encounter one another. The novel itself generates a critique of the narrator's secularism, suggesting that it impairs his ability to achieve the kind of Saidian secular criticism that would recognize Islam (and religion in general) as a central factor of the postcolonial intellectuals that secular academics purport to re-voice and empower.
{"title":"Postures of Disbelief: Secularism and Postcolonialism in Tabish Khair's How to Fight Islamist Terror from the Missionary Position","authors":"Emad Mirmotahari","doi":"10.1353/lit.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In this essay I explore the place of secularism in Tabish Khair's novel, How to Fight Islamist Terror from the Missionary Position. More specifically, I argue that the novel's narrator, a secular Muslim academic in Denmark, harbors a particular kind of secularism that is explicitly hostile to Islam, a hostility that is borne, in large part, from anxieties about terrorism and xenophobia. The narrator's version of secularism, however, raises the question of how secularism and postcolonialism encounter one another. The novel itself generates a critique of the narrator's secularism, suggesting that it impairs his ability to achieve the kind of Saidian secular criticism that would recognize Islam (and religion in general) as a central factor of the postcolonial intellectuals that secular academics purport to re-voice and empower.","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"49 1","pages":"102 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42427608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Teaching Archive: A New History for Literary Study by, Rachel Sagner Buurma and Laura Heffernan (review)","authors":"Ana Quiring","doi":"10.1353/lit.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lit.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"49 1","pages":"163 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43022608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0289
Wen Liu, Zhizhong Dong, Yanjun Su, Yunhai Ma, Jianming Zhang, Chang Diao, Jun Qian, Ruochuan Cheng
To establish a risk probability model for residual metastatic lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) after cervical central lymph node dissection (CLND). The clinical data of patients with PTMC treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from 2007 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent thyroidectomy with CLND, and at least one lymph node was examined. Based on the distribution characteristics of metastatic lymph nodes from this retrospective cohort, a probabilistic model for the risk of residual metastatic lymph node was established. β-Binomial distribution was used to estimate the probability of residual metastatic lymph node as a function of the number of lymph nodes examined. Among 5399 patients included in the probabilistic model, central lymph node metastases were observed in 1664 cases (30.8%). After model correction, the real lymph node metastasis rate increased from 30.8% to 38.9%. The probability of false negative of central lymph node was estimated to be 31.3% for patients with a single node examined, while decreased to 10.0% and 4.9% when 7 and 12 nodes were examined, respectively. In the sensitivity analysis limited to patients with or without Hashimoto thyroiditis, the performance of probability model was also satisfactory. The established risk probability model in this study quantifies the risk of residual metastatic lymph nodes after CLND in patients with PTMC, which can be used as complementary indicators for the risk of recurrence/persistence disease at postoperative evaluation. The study also provides a new method to evaluate the impact of residual metastatic lymph nodes on the prognosis of tumor patients through retrospective data.
{"title":"Risk probability model for residual metastatic lymph node in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma undergoing cervical central lymph node dissection.","authors":"Wen Liu, Zhizhong Dong, Yanjun Su, Yunhai Ma, Jianming Zhang, Chang Diao, Jun Qian, Ruochuan Cheng","doi":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0289","DOIUrl":"10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To establish a risk probability model for residual metastatic lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) after cervical central lymph node dissection (CLND). The clinical data of patients with PTMC treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from 2007 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent thyroidectomy with CLND, and at least one lymph node was examined. Based on the distribution characteristics of metastatic lymph nodes from this retrospective cohort, a probabilistic model for the risk of residual metastatic lymph node was established. β-Binomial distribution was used to estimate the probability of residual metastatic lymph node as a function of the number of lymph nodes examined. Among 5399 patients included in the probabilistic model, central lymph node metastases were observed in 1664 cases (30.8%). After model correction, the real lymph node metastasis rate increased from 30.8% to 38.9%. The probability of false negative of central lymph node was estimated to be 31.3% for patients with a single node examined, while decreased to 10.0% and 4.9% when 7 and 12 nodes were examined, respectively. In the sensitivity analysis limited to patients with or without Hashimoto thyroiditis, the performance of probability model was also satisfactory. The established risk probability model in this study quantifies the risk of residual metastatic lymph nodes after CLND in patients with PTMC, which can be used as complementary indicators for the risk of recurrence/persistence disease at postoperative evaluation. The study also provides a new method to evaluate the impact of residual metastatic lymph nodes on the prognosis of tumor patients through retrospective data.</p>","PeriodicalId":44728,"journal":{"name":"COLLEGE LITERATURE","volume":"33 1","pages":"722-729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8931618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88372492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：