Pub Date : 2022-07-23DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2090778
M. Searcy, Hannah Steffensen, Scott Ure
Over several field seasons, ceramic and stone pipes were recovered from the Fremont site of Wolf Village (AD 1000-1100). Nine of the more complete pipes included residue and burned dottle that were analyzed for macrobotanical and microbotanical remains. Three were subjected to FTIR. These analyses represent the first Fremont pipes ever analyzed for botanical remains, and the results reported in this paper provide conclusions regarding possible smoke mixtures used by the Fremont. Contents of the pipes included remains of tobacco, plants from the Amaranthaceae family, maize fragments, grasses, and various fuel woods.
{"title":"Fremont Smoke Mixtures: Botanical Analyses of Pipes from Wolf Village, Goshen, Utah","authors":"M. Searcy, Hannah Steffensen, Scott Ure","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2090778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2090778","url":null,"abstract":"Over several field seasons, ceramic and stone pipes were recovered from the Fremont site of Wolf Village (AD 1000-1100). Nine of the more complete pipes included residue and burned dottle that were analyzed for macrobotanical and microbotanical remains. Three were subjected to FTIR. These analyses represent the first Fremont pipes ever analyzed for botanical remains, and the results reported in this paper provide conclusions regarding possible smoke mixtures used by the Fremont. Contents of the pipes included remains of tobacco, plants from the Amaranthaceae family, maize fragments, grasses, and various fuel woods.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"429 - 452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46939559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2089817
Emily R. Edmonds, Debra L Martin
Many Mesa Verde cliff dwellings were occupied during the thirteenth century in the final decades before the Four Corners region was depopulated. Deposits in such cliff dwellings offer unique opportunities to research motivations for migration and to understand living conditions in these unusual locations. In compliance with NAGPRA, bioarchaeological data were collected from Wetherill Mesa burials in 1995; this study is the first systematic analysis of these data. Skeletal health indicators demonstrate increased physiological stress for residents of Pueblo III cliff dwellings. Worsening health related to resource availability and distribution, aggregation, and unsanitary living conditions might have influenced migration from the region. Skeletal fracture data indicate decreased trauma during the Pueblo III, contrasted with the possibility of culturally mediated violence or violent attack at Long House. This pattern of violence was likely a response to insecurity during the late thirteenth century and ultimately might have provided another motivation for migration.
{"title":"Life at Mesa Verde: An Analysis of Health and Trauma from Wetherill Mesa, Mesa Verde National Park","authors":"Emily R. Edmonds, Debra L Martin","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2089817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2089817","url":null,"abstract":"Many Mesa Verde cliff dwellings were occupied during the thirteenth century in the final decades before the Four Corners region was depopulated. Deposits in such cliff dwellings offer unique opportunities to research motivations for migration and to understand living conditions in these unusual locations. In compliance with NAGPRA, bioarchaeological data were collected from Wetherill Mesa burials in 1995; this study is the first systematic analysis of these data. Skeletal health indicators demonstrate increased physiological stress for residents of Pueblo III cliff dwellings. Worsening health related to resource availability and distribution, aggregation, and unsanitary living conditions might have influenced migration from the region. Skeletal fracture data indicate decreased trauma during the Pueblo III, contrasted with the possibility of culturally mediated violence or violent attack at Long House. This pattern of violence was likely a response to insecurity during the late thirteenth century and ultimately might have provided another motivation for migration.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"489 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45310106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2086400
Edward A. Jolie
Indigenous American shield-making traditions are best known among the peoples of the Plains and Southwest cultural provinces, where shields were used in martial and ceremonial contexts. In these regions, shields are frequently represented in images cross-cutting a range of visual media including rock and mural paintings, and pictographs and petroglyphs, some of which exhibit considerable antiquity. Actual shields, however, are almost unknown archaeologically. This article presents new data resulting from an analysis of five coiled basketry shields recovered from archaeological sites in the northern Southwest. Digital image enhancement clarifies the nature of early shield decoration, while evidence for use in combat contributes to knowledge of shield evolution and function. Improved dating suggests the possibility that basketry shields predate the proliferation of shield imagery in the AD 1200s. These observations help reorient discussion of shield form, function, and iconography within the context of wider cultural developments during the AD 1200s and beyond.
{"title":"Basketry Shields of the Prehispanic Southwest","authors":"Edward A. Jolie","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2086400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2086400","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous American shield-making traditions are best known among the peoples of the Plains and Southwest cultural provinces, where shields were used in martial and ceremonial contexts. In these regions, shields are frequently represented in images cross-cutting a range of visual media including rock and mural paintings, and pictographs and petroglyphs, some of which exhibit considerable antiquity. Actual shields, however, are almost unknown archaeologically. This article presents new data resulting from an analysis of five coiled basketry shields recovered from archaeological sites in the northern Southwest. Digital image enhancement clarifies the nature of early shield decoration, while evidence for use in combat contributes to knowledge of shield evolution and function. Improved dating suggests the possibility that basketry shields predate the proliferation of shield imagery in the AD 1200s. These observations help reorient discussion of shield form, function, and iconography within the context of wider cultural developments during the AD 1200s and beyond.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"453 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-19DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2086225
Sean G. Dolan
{"title":"Birds of the Sun: Macaws and People in the U.S. Southwest and Mexican Northwest","authors":"Sean G. Dolan","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2086225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2086225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"372 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45813406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2086399
Thatcher A. Seltzer-Rogers, A. Kurota, Lora Jackson Legare
For more than one hundred years, archaeologists in southern New Mexico and the neighboring west Texas and northern Chihuahua have studied the prehispanic lifeways of the Jornada Mogollon culture. Identifying when occupations at Jornada sites occurred largely relies on chronometric dates and on cross dating of previously defined local pottery types – El Paso Brown, El Paso Bichrome, and El Paso Polychrome. Through a study of approximately 130 painted Jornada Mogollon vessels, this paper improves site dating capabilities by describing temporally sensitive El Paso Polychrome subtypes. This study was possible thanks to advances in digital media, museum collections, and substantial volume of new archaeological data, all of which remained unavailable even two decades ago. It is our hope that the newly defined El Paso Polychrome subtypes offer more accurate dating of sites and also provide a brand-new perspective of understanding the variation in painted designs on El Paso Polychrome.
{"title":"An Investigation of Diachronic Trends in El Paso Polychrome Painted Designs of the Jornada Mogollon","authors":"Thatcher A. Seltzer-Rogers, A. Kurota, Lora Jackson Legare","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2086399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2086399","url":null,"abstract":"For more than one hundred years, archaeologists in southern New Mexico and the neighboring west Texas and northern Chihuahua have studied the prehispanic lifeways of the Jornada Mogollon culture. Identifying when occupations at Jornada sites occurred largely relies on chronometric dates and on cross dating of previously defined local pottery types – El Paso Brown, El Paso Bichrome, and El Paso Polychrome. Through a study of approximately 130 painted Jornada Mogollon vessels, this paper improves site dating capabilities by describing temporally sensitive El Paso Polychrome subtypes. This study was possible thanks to advances in digital media, museum collections, and substantial volume of new archaeological data, all of which remained unavailable even two decades ago. It is our hope that the newly defined El Paso Polychrome subtypes offer more accurate dating of sites and also provide a brand-new perspective of understanding the variation in painted designs on El Paso Polychrome.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"291 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43076115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2062944
A. Schroedl
Since prehistoric dent maize was reported in the extreme northern portion of the Colorado Plateau in the 1940s, multiple researchers have suggested that this dent maize, labeled Fremont Dent, represents a prehistoric maize landrace that originated on the northern Colorado Plateau and is a distinct cultural marker of the Fremont tradition. These hypotheses are rejected in light of a clearer understanding of the botanical characteristics that define maize landraces: a prehistoric dent landrace does not exist on the Northern Colorado Plateau. The denting of maize in this region is a phenotypic trait indirectly resulting from human selection of characteristics that created local agronomic benefits; it was not a purposefully selected trait of cultural identity.
{"title":"Fremont Dent Maize on the Northern Colorado Plateau","authors":"A. Schroedl","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2062944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2062944","url":null,"abstract":"Since prehistoric dent maize was reported in the extreme northern portion of the Colorado Plateau in the 1940s, multiple researchers have suggested that this dent maize, labeled Fremont Dent, represents a prehistoric maize landrace that originated on the northern Colorado Plateau and is a distinct cultural marker of the Fremont tradition. These hypotheses are rejected in light of a clearer understanding of the botanical characteristics that define maize landraces: a prehistoric dent landrace does not exist on the Northern Colorado Plateau. The denting of maize in this region is a phenotypic trait indirectly resulting from human selection of characteristics that created local agronomic benefits; it was not a purposefully selected trait of cultural identity.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"347 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45596180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2068898
N. Coulam
Contracting stem dart points are assigned to various named types and are considered Archaic temporal markers, but their dating and geographic distribution remain somewhat variable and uncertain. Bayesian chronological modeling indicates contracting stem dart points were in use in the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin from 2210 cal BC through 710 cal BC. Comparative dating indicates contracting stem dart points did not arrive with farmers from Mexico, but rather, the dates and geographic distribution of the contracting stem points indicate this hafting style diffused rapidly throughout the western US.
{"title":"The Appearance of Contracting Stem Dart Points in the Western United States, Diffusion or Migration?","authors":"N. Coulam","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2068898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2068898","url":null,"abstract":"Contracting stem dart points are assigned to various named types and are considered Archaic temporal markers, but their dating and geographic distribution remain somewhat variable and uncertain. Bayesian chronological modeling indicates contracting stem dart points were in use in the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin from 2210 cal BC through 710 cal BC. Comparative dating indicates contracting stem dart points did not arrive with farmers from Mexico, but rather, the dates and geographic distribution of the contracting stem points indicate this hafting style diffused rapidly throughout the western US.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"355 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42276674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2031480
Heather B. Trigg, Ana C. Opishinski, D. Landon, D. Snow
During the seventeenth century, Spanish colonists began settling in New Mexico. As an agrarian society, the successful establishment of the colony rested on the colonists’ ability to create relationships with plants and animals in the colony’s novel environmental conditions. Using zooarchaeological and paleoethnobotanical evidence from the capital of Santa Fe and several seventeenth-century ranches, this paper explores the connections colonists had with plants and animals in this new region. The faunal remains among the sites are remarkably consistent: a mix of domesticated mammals, birds, and fish, with few endemic mammals. Plant foods included local and introduced crops and gathered plants, generally available around the ranches. For building materials and fuel, colonists engaged common land farther afield. The data indicate that a broad spectrum of activities were centered on the farm, but common areas provided critical resources.
{"title":"Spanish Use of Plants and Animals in Early Colonial New Mexico","authors":"Heather B. Trigg, Ana C. Opishinski, D. Landon, D. Snow","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2031480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2031480","url":null,"abstract":"During the seventeenth century, Spanish colonists began settling in New Mexico. As an agrarian society, the successful establishment of the colony rested on the colonists’ ability to create relationships with plants and animals in the colony’s novel environmental conditions. Using zooarchaeological and paleoethnobotanical evidence from the capital of Santa Fe and several seventeenth-century ranches, this paper explores the connections colonists had with plants and animals in this new region. The faunal remains among the sites are remarkably consistent: a mix of domesticated mammals, birds, and fish, with few endemic mammals. Plant foods included local and introduced crops and gathered plants, generally available around the ranches. For building materials and fuel, colonists engaged common land farther afield. The data indicate that a broad spectrum of activities were centered on the farm, but common areas provided critical resources.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"269 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46012217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2036911
Amanda Semanko, F. Ramos
With over 20,000 years of shared history, dogs present a unique opportunity to learn about human populations. Dogs accompany humans during migration and travel, often eating the same foods. Morphological and isotopic analyses of a Georgetown-phase dog burial provide information about diet, movement, and animal interment practices of Mimbres Mogollon people from the Kipp Site. Results indicate the animal ate a diet high in maize, retains higher δ15N than most available prehistoric human data from the Southwest, and likely moved around early in life. The Kipp dog was skinned, burned, and buried in an intentional pit, in contrast with the highly fragmentary faunal remains found in surrounding proveniences.
{"title":"Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks: Implications for Isotopic Studies of Southwest Dogs","authors":"Amanda Semanko, F. Ramos","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2036911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2036911","url":null,"abstract":"With over 20,000 years of shared history, dogs present a unique opportunity to learn about human populations. Dogs accompany humans during migration and travel, often eating the same foods. Morphological and isotopic analyses of a Georgetown-phase dog burial provide information about diet, movement, and animal interment practices of Mimbres Mogollon people from the Kipp Site. Results indicate the animal ate a diet high in maize, retains higher δ15N than most available prehistoric human data from the Southwest, and likely moved around early in life. The Kipp dog was skinned, burned, and buried in an intentional pit, in contrast with the highly fragmentary faunal remains found in surrounding proveniences.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"327 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43167490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2022.2044657
L. Schuyler, Davis Phillips
Beads and other personal ornaments were recovered during excavations at Tijeras Pueblo (LA 581). In 2008, a volunteer project was begun (1) to identify potential jewelry artifacts from the site, and their contexts; (2) to develop criteria for classifying artifacts as jewelry; and (3) to make these data accessible to future researchers. Comparisons with other sites show that Pueblo IV jewelry consists mostly of beads and pendants, with a few unusual pieces at each site. The variety of ornament materials, styles, and designs in the Tijeras Pueblo assemblage suggests the flow of objects, ideas, and practices across the Southwest and Northern Mexico. A comparison of the contexts in which jewelry artifacts were recovered at Tijeras Pueblo and Pottery Mound (LA 416) indicates possible differences in jewelry use. This project highlights how volunteers with specific interests and expertise can significantly enhance the research value of legacy collections.
{"title":"The Tijeras Pueblo Jewelry Project","authors":"L. Schuyler, Davis Phillips","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2044657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2044657","url":null,"abstract":"Beads and other personal ornaments were recovered during excavations at Tijeras Pueblo (LA 581). In 2008, a volunteer project was begun (1) to identify potential jewelry artifacts from the site, and their contexts; (2) to develop criteria for classifying artifacts as jewelry; and (3) to make these data accessible to future researchers. Comparisons with other sites show that Pueblo IV jewelry consists mostly of beads and pendants, with a few unusual pieces at each site. The variety of ornament materials, styles, and designs in the Tijeras Pueblo assemblage suggests the flow of objects, ideas, and practices across the Southwest and Northern Mexico. A comparison of the contexts in which jewelry artifacts were recovered at Tijeras Pueblo and Pottery Mound (LA 416) indicates possible differences in jewelry use. This project highlights how volunteers with specific interests and expertise can significantly enhance the research value of legacy collections.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":"88 1","pages":"188 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43883832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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