Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1832405
Zachary S. Curcija
Minute disc beads from the prehistoric American Southwest often exhibit perforations finer than 0.75 mm in diameter. Early archaeologists postulated that these tiny perforations were created with organic drills made from bone splinters or cactus needles. This article presents an experimental case for flaked-stone minute microdrills, which are refined replicas of more robust documented jewelry microdrills. With experimental lithic minute microdrills, I create perforations that match the size and appearance of tiny perforations observed in archaeological minute beads.
{"title":"Tiny Perforations in Minute Beads from the Prehistoric Southwest: An Experimental Case for Lithic Minute Microdrills","authors":"Zachary S. Curcija","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1832405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1832405","url":null,"abstract":"Minute disc beads from the prehistoric American Southwest often exhibit perforations finer than 0.75 mm in diameter. Early archaeologists postulated that these tiny perforations were created with organic drills made from bone splinters or cactus needles. This article presents an experimental case for flaked-stone minute microdrills, which are refined replicas of more robust documented jewelry microdrills. With experimental lithic minute microdrills, I create perforations that match the size and appearance of tiny perforations observed in archaeological minute beads.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1832405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44913028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1832406
Mark Agostini, Ivy Notterpek
Chaco Canyon (850–1130 CE) served as the regional center for Ancestral Puebloan communities in the northern U.S. Southwest. Pueblo ethnographic traditions and the archaeological record demonstrate the importance of cosmological beliefs with origins at Chaco. We suggest archaeologists can develop more dynamic interpretations of how ancient peoples manifested conceptions of the cosmos by focusing greater attention to the temporality and semiotic properties of material culture. To illustrate this point, we argue that marine fossil shells, concretions, and water-worn pebbles were seen to be indexical of a past watery world at Chaco Canyon and elsewhere in the Ancestral Pueblo World. Perceived as traces of a primordial time and place that existed before cosmic emergences into the world, this class of artifacts called “medicine stones” evokes the essential element needed to sustain life for all Ancestral Puebloan people – water. Through the analysis of museum collections, ethnohistorical data, and creation narratives from Pueblo and other Native descendant groups, we present evidence that these medicine stones were interpreted in the past as manifestations of a pre-Pueblo cosmovision. As such, these artifacts were incorporated into a wide array of cultural contexts and media, and may have in part been associated with psychosocial healing practices.
{"title":"Cosmological Expressions and Medicine Stones in the Ancestral Pueblo World","authors":"Mark Agostini, Ivy Notterpek","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1832406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1832406","url":null,"abstract":"Chaco Canyon (850–1130 CE) served as the regional center for Ancestral Puebloan communities in the northern U.S. Southwest. Pueblo ethnographic traditions and the archaeological record demonstrate the importance of cosmological beliefs with origins at Chaco. We suggest archaeologists can develop more dynamic interpretations of how ancient peoples manifested conceptions of the cosmos by focusing greater attention to the temporality and semiotic properties of material culture. To illustrate this point, we argue that marine fossil shells, concretions, and water-worn pebbles were seen to be indexical of a past watery world at Chaco Canyon and elsewhere in the Ancestral Pueblo World. Perceived as traces of a primordial time and place that existed before cosmic emergences into the world, this class of artifacts called “medicine stones” evokes the essential element needed to sustain life for all Ancestral Puebloan people – water. Through the analysis of museum collections, ethnohistorical data, and creation narratives from Pueblo and other Native descendant groups, we present evidence that these medicine stones were interpreted in the past as manifestations of a pre-Pueblo cosmovision. As such, these artifacts were incorporated into a wide array of cultural contexts and media, and may have in part been associated with psychosocial healing practices.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1832406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48094273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1833551
Erina Gruner
Sam Duwe’s Tewa Worlds: An Archaeological History of Being and Becoming in the Pueblo Southwest sets out to synthesize 800 years of Tewa history while reframing archaeological interpretation in lig...
{"title":"Tewa Worlds: An Archaeological History of Being and Becoming in the Pueblo Southwest","authors":"Erina Gruner","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1833551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1833551","url":null,"abstract":"Sam Duwe’s Tewa Worlds: An Archaeological History of Being and Becoming in the Pueblo Southwest sets out to synthesize 800 years of Tewa history while reframing archaeological interpretation in lig...","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1833551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44683113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-21DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1794189
B. Vierra, N. Chapin, C. Stevenson, M. Shackley
The transition from the dart to the arrow, and the commensurate changes in lithic technology is poorly understood in the American Southwest. This transition has often been linked to shifts in sedentism and the increasing use of expedient flake tools. However, the relationship between the use of bifacial and core reduction strategies are conditioned by a variety of factors, and not primarily in response to the use of the bow-and-arrow, or simply sedentism. We, therefore, evaluate a series of potential factors which can be used to understand the variability exhibited in the use of biface and flake technologies.
{"title":"Another Look at Expedient Technologies, Sedentism, and the Bow and Arrow","authors":"B. Vierra, N. Chapin, C. Stevenson, M. Shackley","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1794189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1794189","url":null,"abstract":"The transition from the dart to the arrow, and the commensurate changes in lithic technology is poorly understood in the American Southwest. This transition has often been linked to shifts in sedentism and the increasing use of expedient flake tools. However, the relationship between the use of bifacial and core reduction strategies are conditioned by a variety of factors, and not primarily in response to the use of the bow-and-arrow, or simply sedentism. We, therefore, evaluate a series of potential factors which can be used to understand the variability exhibited in the use of biface and flake technologies.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1794189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43108127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1775425
Brian Medchill, Chris R. Loendorf, T. Rodrigues
Within the Phoenix Basin in southern Arizona, disk beads have long been highly valued. Remarkably, the Akimel O’Odham (i.e., Pima) and Pee Posh (i.e., Maricopa) still place great importance on them today. Similar beads were formed from shell, stone, and clay. The effort necessary to manufacture beads from these constituents varies, but beads made from different materials are often macroscopically indistinguishable. Furthermore, some raw materials had to be imported, while other constituents were locally available. These factors should have affected the value of different bead types, and ethnographic evidence shows that indigenous people have clearly defined preferences for attributes, including color and material. In particular, beads made from shell and turquoise are recognized as being most valuable. This paper presents archaeological, ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and contemporary data that show that small disk beads were a form of wealth that was employed in trade transactions.
{"title":"Indigenous Disk Beads in the Southern Southwest: Contemporary, Ethnographic, Ethnohistorical, and Archaeological Evidence","authors":"Brian Medchill, Chris R. Loendorf, T. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1775425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1775425","url":null,"abstract":"Within the Phoenix Basin in southern Arizona, disk beads have long been highly valued. Remarkably, the Akimel O’Odham (i.e., Pima) and Pee Posh (i.e., Maricopa) still place great importance on them today. Similar beads were formed from shell, stone, and clay. The effort necessary to manufacture beads from these constituents varies, but beads made from different materials are often macroscopically indistinguishable. Furthermore, some raw materials had to be imported, while other constituents were locally available. These factors should have affected the value of different bead types, and ethnographic evidence shows that indigenous people have clearly defined preferences for attributes, including color and material. In particular, beads made from shell and turquoise are recognized as being most valuable. This paper presents archaeological, ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and contemporary data that show that small disk beads were a form of wealth that was employed in trade transactions.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1775425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47805488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1775426
A. Wright
Poor chronology has long plagued the Patayan archaeological tradition of the far-western reaches of the North American Southwest. Archaeologists typically rely upon ceramics to assign associated materials to the broadly defined Patayan I, II, and III periods. However, as data amass, it is becoming increasingly clear that the established date ranges for certain types of Patayan pottery tied to those periods are inaccurate, and that the overall chronology may benefit from revision. Consequently, there are renewed calls to reassess the ceramic typologies and identify attributes with utility for dating affiliated archaeological phenomena. Here I focus on one such attribute, the stucco surface treatment on Lower Colorado Buff Ware. While the prevailing typology regards stucco as diagnostic of the Patayan II and III periods (circa AD 1000–1900), I present data that show stucco is conspicuously absent from contexts dating before AD 1400 but is rather common thereafter. I conclude Lowland Patayan potters began applying stucco to their wares between 1400 and 1600, and this attribute is therefore useful for dating associated material to a narrower AD 1400–1900 timeframe.
{"title":"Stucco as a Timestamp on Lowland Patayan Pottery in the Far-Western Southwest","authors":"A. Wright","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1775426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1775426","url":null,"abstract":"Poor chronology has long plagued the Patayan archaeological tradition of the far-western reaches of the North American Southwest. Archaeologists typically rely upon ceramics to assign associated materials to the broadly defined Patayan I, II, and III periods. However, as data amass, it is becoming increasingly clear that the established date ranges for certain types of Patayan pottery tied to those periods are inaccurate, and that the overall chronology may benefit from revision. Consequently, there are renewed calls to reassess the ceramic typologies and identify attributes with utility for dating affiliated archaeological phenomena. Here I focus on one such attribute, the stucco surface treatment on Lower Colorado Buff Ware. While the prevailing typology regards stucco as diagnostic of the Patayan II and III periods (circa AD 1000–1900), I present data that show stucco is conspicuously absent from contexts dating before AD 1400 but is rather common thereafter. I conclude Lowland Patayan potters began applying stucco to their wares between 1400 and 1600, and this attribute is therefore useful for dating associated material to a narrower AD 1400–1900 timeframe.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1775426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47941376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1799571
Jewel Touchin
{"title":"A Diné History of Navajoland","authors":"Jewel Touchin","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1799571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1799571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1799571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49172464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1799572
S. Anton
{"title":"From Huhugam to Hohokam: Heritage and Archaeology in the American Southwest","authors":"S. Anton","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1799572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1799572","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1799572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43135089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1749776
H. Wallace
The development of a refined chronology and ceramic sequence for the heartland of the Hohokam Culture in southern and central Arizona is discussed. The refined sequence is applied to ceramic sherd lots and restorable vessels from the extant collections from excavations at Snaketown to produce new and more refined dating of the contexts at the site. Structures, mortuary contexts, caches, mounds, middens, pits, and other features are dated with the results compared to prior chronological assignments allowing for a discussion of how the new chronology compares to previous approaches. In the process, key events in the history of the settlement that affect conclusions about Hohokam prehistory are considered such as the age of mound capping events, the construction of the ball courts and Mound 16 platform mound, and the origin and terminus of occupation at the village.
{"title":"Dating Snaketown","authors":"H. Wallace","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1749776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1749776","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a refined chronology and ceramic sequence for the heartland of the Hohokam Culture in southern and central Arizona is discussed. The refined sequence is applied to ceramic sherd lots and restorable vessels from the extant collections from excavations at Snaketown to produce new and more refined dating of the contexts at the site. Structures, mortuary contexts, caches, mounds, middens, pits, and other features are dated with the results compared to prior chronological assignments allowing for a discussion of how the new chronology compares to previous approaches. In the process, key events in the history of the settlement that affect conclusions about Hohokam prehistory are considered such as the age of mound capping events, the construction of the ball courts and Mound 16 platform mound, and the origin and terminus of occupation at the village.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1749776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48331854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00231940.2020.1799570
Michelle I. Turner
{"title":"Color in the Ancestral Pueblo Southwest","authors":"Michelle I. Turner","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2020.1799570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2020.1799570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00231940.2020.1799570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58823668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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