Journal of African Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"The Desert Fayum Reinvestigated: The Early to Mid-Holocene Landscape Archaeology of the Fayum North Shore, Egypt, edited by Simon Holdaway and Willeke Wendrich","authors":"Michael Brass","doi":"10.1163/21915784-20180004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20180004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-20180004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48833069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Glass Making Crucibles from Ile-Ife, SW Nigeria","authors":"A. B. Babalola, T. Rehren, A. Ige, S. McIntosh","doi":"10.1163/21915784-20180002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20180002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Crucibles to melt glass are very rare in archaeological contexts in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent archaeological excavations at Igbo Olokun, Ile-Ife (Southwest Nigeria) revealed abundant fragments of glass crucibles from 11th-15th century AD deposits, matching the complete and near complete examples earlier reported from Ile-Ife. This paper provides an in-depth examination of these crucible fragments in order to understand the material quality of the crucibles, their typology, and their functions in glass- working/making. Optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analyses were carried out on ten crucible samples. The composition of ceramic fabrics and the adhering glass are presented and discussed in view of their function. The crucibles were produced from specifically selected highly refractory clay and used for melting glass from its raw materials; colorants were added to the melt in the crucible. The useable capacity of the crucibles varied from 1 to 7 liters, equivalent to about 2.5 to 17.5 kg of finished glass for each crucible. Compositional analysis of a sample of the thousands of glass beads from the excavations indicates that the crucibles were used to melt the glass used in the beads. Archaeological evidence of glass bead making at this scale has not previously been reported from West Africa. The crucibles are unique evidence of indigenous glass-working/making in Sub-Saharan Africa from early through mid-second millennium AD.","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-20180002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45597715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Search for Takrur: Archaeological Excavations and Reconnaissance along the Middle Senegal Valley, written by R.J. McIntosh, S.K. McIntosh and H. Bocoum","authors":"A. F. Holl","doi":"10.1163/21915784-12340015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"260-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-12340015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48546248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Archaeology and Heritage in Africa: Decolonizing Practice, written by Peter R. Schmidt and Innocent Pikirayi","authors":"S. MacEachern","doi":"10.1163/21915784-12340016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"262-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-12340016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42551449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonial Modernity, Rituals and Feasting in Odùduwà Grove, Ilé-Ifẹ̀ (Nigeria)","authors":"A. Ogundiran, A. Ogunfolakan","doi":"10.1163/21915784-12340004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340004","url":null,"abstract":"Sacred groves are ubiquitous on the cultural landscape of Ile-Ifẹ and they have been the site of most archaeological research in the ancient Yoruba city. But these studies have been driven by the view that sacred groves were places of static ritual traditions. Recovering the paraphernalia of those rituals, especially the exquisite sculptures, therefore preoccupied the pioneering archaeological research in Ile-Ifẹ. In contrast, the historical trajectories that defined the evolution and transformation of these groves as dynamic cultural sites have not been undertaken. We make the case in this article that sacred groves are dynamic and meaningful sites for historical negotiation. With this perspective, we conducted archaeological study of Oduduwa Grove in Ile-Ife with the goal to understand the broad sociocultural processes that have shaped the cultural landscape of the grove across different registers of time. The archaeological evidence in Oduduwa Grove dates back to at least the fourteenth century. We focus this article on the evolution of the grove during the twentieth century with emphasis on the materiality of colonial and postcolonial modernity and its implications for rituals of royal coronation, sacrificial rites, and feasting.Des bosquets sacres sont omnipresents sur le paysage culturel de Ile-Ife et elles ont ete le site de la plupart des recherches archeologiques dans l’antique ville Yoruba. Mais ces etudes ont ete entrainee par le point de vue que des bosquets sacres etaient des endroits de la statique les traditions rituelles. Recuperation de l’attirail de ces rituels, particulierement les sculptures exquis, par consequent preoccupe le pionnier de la recherche archeologique dans Ile-Ifẹ. En revanche, les trajectoires historiques qui a defini l’evolution et la transformation de ces bosquets comme sites culturels dynamiques n’ont pas ete entrepris. Nous faisons le cas dans cet article que des bosquets sacres sont dynamiques et fructueux pour historique negociation. Dans cette perspective, nous avons procede a l’etude archeologique de Oduduwa Grove dans Ile-Ifẹ avec l’objectif de comprendre le vaste processus socioculturel qui ont faconne le paysage culturel du bosquet a travers differents registres de temps. Les preuves archeologiques dans Oduduwa Grove remonte au moins a la quatorzieme siecle. Nous nous concentrerons dans cet article sur l’evolution du bosquet au cours du xxe siecle, avec l’accent sur l’importance relative de la modernite coloniale et post-coloniale et ses implications pour les rituels de couronnement royal, rites sacrificiels, et un festin.This article is in English.","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"77-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-12340004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46415380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary Environmental Change in Southern Africa: Physical and Human Dimensions, edited by Jasper Knight & Stephan W. Grab","authors":"D. Wright","doi":"10.1163/21915784-12340006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"129-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-12340006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43582742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt: From the Predynastic Period to the End of the Middle Kingdom, written by Nadine Moeller","authors":"R. Fattovich","doi":"10.1163/21915784-12340007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"132-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-12340007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44457189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithic Production Strategies in the Oldowan Assemblages from Sterkfontein Member 5 and Swartkrans Member 1, Gauteng Province, South Africa","authors":"M. Caruana","doi":"10.1163/21915784-12340001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340001","url":null,"abstract":"Sterkfontein Member 5 East (Oldowan Infill) and Swartkrans Member 1 (Lower Bank) represent the largest concentrations of Oldowan artefacts in southern Africa, and yet they vary significantly in terms of raw material use and typological frequencies. While previous research has described these differences in detail, questions remain as to the cause and implications of this variability. To increase resolution on this matter, this study implements quantitative methods to investigate lithic production strategies at these sites. Results expand upon previous findings concerning differences in raw material use and knapping methods and how these patterns relate to core reduction and flake production. Explanations for these patterns focus on a dichotomy between efficiency and expediency in lithic production, which differ from previous interpretations. As such, variability between these assemblages may relate more to mobility patterns in early hominins within this region and immediate needs for tool use.Le Membre 5 Est (“Oldowan Infill”) de Sterkfontein et le Membre 1 (« Lower Bank ») de Swartkrans ont livre a eux deux la plus importante collection d’artefacts Oldowayens connue d’Afrique du Sud. Pourtant, les ensembles provenant de ces deux gisements presentent des variations considerables, a la fois typologiquement parlant et en termes de matieres premieres lithiques utilisees. Bien que ces differences aient ete decrites dans des travaux anterieurs, certaines questions demeurent quant a l’origine de cette variabilite et ses implications. Afin d’ameliorer notre comprehension de ces questions, l’etude presentee ici met en œuvre une approche quantitative permettant d’etudier les strategies de production lithique sur ces deux sites. Nos resultats developpent ceux precedemment obtenus sur les differences dans l’utilisation des matieres premieres lithiques, les methodes de taille ainsi que le lien entre ces choix, les strategies de reduction des nucleus et la production d’eclats. Ces modeles de production lithique s’expliquent en grande partie par une dichotomie entre efficacite d’une part et rapidite d’autre part – un point qui differe des interpretations precedemment proposees. La variabilite entre ces deux ensembles pourrait ainsi etre rapportee a des schemas de mobilite des premiers hominines dans cette region et a des besoins d’utilisation d’outils immediats.This article is in English.","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-12340001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43231152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swahili Port Cities: The Architecture of Elsewhere, written by Prita Meier","authors":"A. LaViolette","doi":"10.1163/21915784-12340008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"134-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-12340008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41607869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ochre Resources, Behavioural Complexity and Regional Patterns in the Howiesons Poort: New Insights From Klasies River Main Site, South Africa","authors":"L. Bouillot, S. Wurz, Floréal Daniel","doi":"10.1163/21915784-12340002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340002","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of ochre during Oxygen Isotope Stage 5 and 4 in South Africa has often been interpreted as reflecting complex behaviours amongst modern human populations. The Howiesons Poort is one of the most documented techno-complexes identified within this timeframe. It is associated with an intensification of a combination of innovative technical and symbolic behaviours. Despite the notable focus on ochre use, detailed analyses of Howiesons Poort assemblages in this respect are rare. New data on ochre exploitation from the Howiesons Poort of Klasies River main site are presented in this paper. We used non-destructive microscopic, colorimetric and chemical analyses ( SEM - EDS , XRD ) in order to describe the raw materials and the transformation of a selected sample from the Singer and Wymer ochre collection. This sample is composed of red and yellow ferruginous rocks (shale, ferricrete, siltstone and sandstone), along with whitish lumps (calcium phosphates). These lumps may have an anthropogenic origin and may be considered as pigments. Some of the red ochre pieces were probably deliberately heated. Our results enhance the impression of complexity emerging from the technical processes mastered by Howiesons Poort populations. Comparison with other Howiesons Poort ochre assemblages allows a discussion of regional variability and ‘connections’ between the sites. The scale and organization of social interactions in the Howiesons Poort are questioned.L’usage recurrent d’ocre rouge au cours des stades isotopiques 4 et 5 en Afrique du Sud a souvent ete interprete comme un temoin de comportements complexes chez les populations d’Homme moderne. L’Howiesons Poort est l’un des technocomplexes associes a ce territoire et cette periode parmi les mieux documentes. Malgre l’interet croissant porte aux vestiges d’ocre rouge dans ce contexte, l’analyse detaillee d’assemblages Howiesons Poort reste marginale. Nous presentons ici de nouvelles donnees sur l’exploitation de l’ocre rouge dans les niveaux Howiesons Poort de Klasies River main site. Les modalites de selection et de transformation des matieres premieres ont ete determinees a partir de l’analyse technologique (marques de percussion, traces d’usure), colorimetrique, et physico-chimique ( MEB-EDS , Difffraction de rayons X), d’un echantillon de la collection Singer et Wymer. Ce corpus est compose de roches ferrugineuses rouges et jaunes, ainsi que de fragments ou « boulettes » blanchâtres de phosphate de calcium. Ces objets pourraient avoir une origine anthropique et avoir ete utilises comme pigments. Plusieurs des objets rouges presentent des indices de chauffe, qui pourrait etre intentionnelle. Nos resultats renforcent l’idee de complexite dans les procedes techniques maitrises par les populations Howiesons Poort. Une comparaison avec d’autres collections d’ocre Howiesons Poort permet de discuter de l’existence de variations regionales mais egalement de « connexions » entre sites. Cette comparaiso","PeriodicalId":44797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"20-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-12340002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45759393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}