Currently, no drug can cure or effectively mitigate symptoms for the growing number of individuals who live with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. As they experience declines in memory, communication, and thinking—symptoms that undermine social initiative, autonomy, and well-being—these individuals become increasingly dependent on others. Evidence regarding the benefits of music therapy for persons with dementia is growing. Nonetheless, limitations in existing research have hindered knowledge regarding the use and appropriate application of music as a form of treatment with this population. This article describes the development of The Clinical Practice Model for Persons with Dementia, which provides a theoretical framework to inform evidence-based practice, illustrated here in application to music therapy. Specifically, the model is intended to prompt purposeful application of strategies documented within a broad literature base within 6 thematic areas (Cognition, Attention, Familiarity, Audibility, Structure, and Autonomy); facilitate clinical decision-making and intervention development, including music interventions; and encourage discourse regarding relationships between characteristics of the intervention, the therapist, the person with dementia, and their response to intervention. The model comprises a set of testable assumptions to provide direction for future research and to facilitate the description and investigation of mechanisms underlying behavioral interventions with this population. Although the model is likely to evolve as knowledge is gained, it offers a foundation for holistically considering an individual’s needs and strengths, guidance for applying music and nonmusic strategies in evidence-based practice, and direction for future research.
{"title":"The Clinical Practice Model for Persons with Dementia: Application to Music Therapy","authors":"Alaine E Reschke-Hernández","doi":"10.1093/MTP/MIAB006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MTP/MIAB006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Currently, no drug can cure or effectively mitigate symptoms for the growing number of individuals who live with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. As they experience declines in memory, communication, and thinking—symptoms that undermine social initiative, autonomy, and well-being—these individuals become increasingly dependent on others. Evidence regarding the benefits of music therapy for persons with dementia is growing. Nonetheless, limitations in existing research have hindered knowledge regarding the use and appropriate application of music as a form of treatment with this population. This article describes the development of The Clinical Practice Model for Persons with Dementia, which provides a theoretical framework to inform evidence-based practice, illustrated here in application to music therapy. Specifically, the model is intended to prompt purposeful application of strategies documented within a broad literature base within 6 thematic areas (Cognition, Attention, Familiarity, Audibility, Structure, and Autonomy); facilitate clinical decision-making and intervention development, including music interventions; and encourage discourse regarding relationships between characteristics of the intervention, the therapist, the person with dementia, and their response to intervention. The model comprises a set of testable assumptions to provide direction for future research and to facilitate the description and investigation of mechanisms underlying behavioral interventions with this population. Although the model is likely to evolve as knowledge is gained, it offers a foundation for holistically considering an individual’s needs and strengths, guidance for applying music and nonmusic strategies in evidence-based practice, and direction for future research.","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44032647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the “Coffee House,” a community music therapy performance event held biannually at an adolescent mental health treatment facility in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. In this paper, I draw upon techniques and theory from narrative inquiry in order to investigate the experiences and perspectives of 7 adolescent clients and 11 staff members who participated in the event as performers and audience members. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through qualitative coding; the participants’ voices are presented here. Building upon a previous article, in which I attribute the Coffee House’s success to its participatory ethos, this article examines the impact of performing upon participants’ musical and personal identities as well as upon their relationships with others at the facility. The shifts and transformations that took place within youths’ identities were interdependent with the relational features of the performance context; expansions in youths’ self-identities were indelibly connected to staff members’ expanded perspectives on these youths, afforded through witnessing their performances. Participants’ narratives validate not only the ways in which identity and relationship intersect, but also the way in which musical performance’s impact upon identity and relationship is uniquely musical.
{"title":"Performing Identities and Performing Relationships: Community Music Therapy and Adolescent Mental Health","authors":"Elizabeth Mitchell","doi":"10.1093/MTP/MIAB004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MTP/MIAB004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores the “Coffee House,” a community music therapy performance event held biannually at an adolescent mental health treatment facility in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. In this paper, I draw upon techniques and theory from narrative inquiry in order to investigate the experiences and perspectives of 7 adolescent clients and 11 staff members who participated in the event as performers and audience members. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through qualitative coding; the participants’ voices are presented here. Building upon a previous article, in which I attribute the Coffee House’s success to its participatory ethos, this article examines the impact of performing upon participants’ musical and personal identities as well as upon their relationships with others at the facility. The shifts and transformations that took place within youths’ identities were interdependent with the relational features of the performance context; expansions in youths’ self-identities were indelibly connected to staff members’ expanded perspectives on these youths, afforded through witnessing their performances. Participants’ narratives validate not only the ways in which identity and relationship intersect, but also the way in which musical performance’s impact upon identity and relationship is uniquely musical.","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43750816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creative DBT activities using music: Interventions for enhancing engagement and effectiveness in therapy","authors":"Shelly R Zeiser","doi":"10.1093/MTP/MIAB003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MTP/MIAB003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42952301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of voice in music therapy","authors":"K. Murphy","doi":"10.1093/MTP/MIAB002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MTP/MIAB002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46278374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music therapy has been a known positive and impactful intervention for adults with memory loss, but previous research and program reports have focused mainly on residents in long-term care facilities. In this study, a caregiver survey was utilized to learn how Music Therapy Respite, a community-based drop-in program, benefited caregivers and their care partner and if this changed based on attendance in a professionally led support group. One hundred twenty-eight surveys were collected over 23 sessions in a 4-month period. Survey results showed that stress and anxiety decreased and mood changed for the better for both caregivers and group participants, but attendance in the support group did not significantly impact these changes. Future research with more rigor, consistency, and additional measures such as changes in cognitive testing, and individual responses within sessions is needed to clearly define community-based benefit, needs, and full impact of music therapy for this population.
{"title":"A Music Therapy Respite Program for Caregivers of Individuals With Memory Loss","authors":"Becky Wellman","doi":"10.1093/mtp/miaa022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miaa022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Music therapy has been a known positive and impactful intervention for adults with memory loss, but previous research and program reports have focused mainly on residents in long-term care facilities. In this study, a caregiver survey was utilized to learn how Music Therapy Respite, a community-based drop-in program, benefited caregivers and their care partner and if this changed based on attendance in a professionally led support group. One hundred twenty-eight surveys were collected over 23 sessions in a 4-month period. Survey results showed that stress and anxiety decreased and mood changed for the better for both caregivers and group participants, but attendance in the support group did not significantly impact these changes. Future research with more rigor, consistency, and additional measures such as changes in cognitive testing, and individual responses within sessions is needed to clearly define community-based benefit, needs, and full impact of music therapy for this population.","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":"39 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/mtp/miaa022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46659779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel N. Rodgers-Melnick, K. Gam, S. Debanne, J. Little
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of genetic disorders primarily affecting individuals of African descent. Adults with SCD experience both acute and chronic pain. Data on music preferences, resources, and music-based pain strategies of adults with SCD are needed to tailor future music therapy interventions to the unique needs of adults with SCD. The purpose of this study was to (1) gather descriptive data related to music use in adults with SCD and (2) explore associations between participants’ music use, pain interference, and perceived helpfulness of music for reducing pain. In total, 100 adults with SCD participated in this survey during outpatient clinic visits. Results indicate a population that: (1) faces significant challenges related to pain interference (M = 61.13, SE = 0.76); (2) perceives music as being helpful for managing challenges, including mood (57%), sleep (48%), stress (47%), and pain (37%); (3) purposefully engages in music listening to manage pain (74%); and (4) would be interested in participating in music therapy services in inpatient (88%) and outpatient (81%) settings. Participants selected songs in genres, such as Hip-Hop/Rap and R&B/Soul, that contrast with previously reported characteristics of music for pain management. There was a moderate positive correlation (rs = 0.516, p < .001) between the number of strategies used alongside music and the perceived helpfulness of music for reducing pain. Findings inform the clinical use of music therapy and support future music therapy research with this population to address quality of life.
镰状细胞病(SCD)是一组主要影响非洲人后裔的遗传疾病。成年SCD患者会经历急性和慢性疼痛。需要关于成人SCD的音乐偏好、资源和基于音乐的疼痛策略的数据来定制未来的音乐治疗干预措施，以满足成人SCD的独特需求。本研究的目的是:(1)收集与成人SCD患者音乐使用相关的描述性数据;(2)探索参与者的音乐使用、疼痛干扰和感知音乐对减轻疼痛的帮助之间的联系。总共有100名患有SCD的成年人在门诊就诊期间参与了这项调查。结果表明:(1)与疼痛干扰相关的人群面临显著挑战(M = 61.13, SE = 0.76);(2)认为音乐有助于应对挑战，包括情绪(57%)、睡眠(48%)、压力(47%)和疼痛(37%);(3)有目的地通过听音乐来缓解疼痛(74%);(4)有兴趣参加住院(88%)和门诊(81%)的音乐治疗服务。参与者选择的歌曲类型，如Hip-Hop/Rap和R&B/Soul，与之前报道的疼痛管理音乐的特征形成对比。与音乐一起使用的策略数量与音乐对减轻疼痛的感知帮助之间存在中度正相关(rs = 0.516, p < 0.001)。研究结果为音乐治疗的临床应用提供了信息，并支持未来针对这一人群的音乐治疗研究，以解决生活质量问题。
{"title":"Music Use in Adult Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Pilot Survey Study","authors":"Samuel N. Rodgers-Melnick, K. Gam, S. Debanne, J. Little","doi":"10.1093/MTP/MIAA026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MTP/MIAA026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of genetic disorders primarily affecting individuals of African descent. Adults with SCD experience both acute and chronic pain. Data on music preferences, resources, and music-based pain strategies of adults with SCD are needed to tailor future music therapy interventions to the unique needs of adults with SCD. The purpose of this study was to (1) gather descriptive data related to music use in adults with SCD and (2) explore associations between participants’ music use, pain interference, and perceived helpfulness of music for reducing pain. In total, 100 adults with SCD participated in this survey during outpatient clinic visits. Results indicate a population that: (1) faces significant challenges related to pain interference (M = 61.13, SE = 0.76); (2) perceives music as being helpful for managing challenges, including mood (57%), sleep (48%), stress (47%), and pain (37%); (3) purposefully engages in music listening to manage pain (74%); and (4) would be interested in participating in music therapy services in inpatient (88%) and outpatient (81%) settings. Participants selected songs in genres, such as Hip-Hop/Rap and R&B/Soul, that contrast with previously reported characteristics of music for pain management. There was a moderate positive correlation (rs = 0.516, p < .001) between the number of strategies used alongside music and the perceived helpfulness of music for reducing pain. Findings inform the clinical use of music therapy and support future music therapy research with this population to address quality of life.","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":"39 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MTP/MIAA026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48306383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Board-certified music therapists (MT-BCs) are expected to provide live music in numerous client-preferred genres, yet often face barriers that prevent them from recreating this music with musical authenticity, defined here as adhering to the expectations of the genre. The purpose of this survey was to investigate the perceptions and practices of MT-BCs (n = 904, 12%) regarding musical authenticity in their own practice. We collected quantitative and qualitative survey data on the importance of musical authenticity, barriers to and strategies for providing music authentically, and the use of electronic technology and the iPad. Descriptive and thematic analyses revealed that MT-BCs value musical authenticity but balance its importance with therapeutic needs and other types of authenticity that are deemed more important. Participants reported that they lacked knowledge of popular genres, functional musicianship, and electronic technology, which created major barriers to providing musical authenticity. Additionally, we found trends related to gender identity and the use of electronic technology in that significantly more male MT-BCs reported using electronic technology compared with female MT-BCs. Overall, however, less than half of the participants reported using either electronic technology or the iPad to increase musical authenticity. With these results in mind, and building on the results of Schippers and Fetterley, we created a model of recontextualization for music therapy practice. This practical tool is intended to guide music therapists to consider multiple issues of authenticity when learning music for clients.
{"title":"Musical Authenticity: Music Therapists’ Perceptions and Practices","authors":"Nora Bryant Veblen, O. Yinger, Martina Vasil","doi":"10.1093/MTP/MIAA028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MTP/MIAA028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Board-certified music therapists (MT-BCs) are expected to provide live music in numerous client-preferred genres, yet often face barriers that prevent them from recreating this music with musical authenticity, defined here as adhering to the expectations of the genre. The purpose of this survey was to investigate the perceptions and practices of MT-BCs (n = 904, 12%) regarding musical authenticity in their own practice. We collected quantitative and qualitative survey data on the importance of musical authenticity, barriers to and strategies for providing music authentically, and the use of electronic technology and the iPad. Descriptive and thematic analyses revealed that MT-BCs value musical authenticity but balance its importance with therapeutic needs and other types of authenticity that are deemed more important. Participants reported that they lacked knowledge of popular genres, functional musicianship, and electronic technology, which created major barriers to providing musical authenticity. Additionally, we found trends related to gender identity and the use of electronic technology in that significantly more male MT-BCs reported using electronic technology compared with female MT-BCs. Overall, however, less than half of the participants reported using either electronic technology or the iPad to increase musical authenticity. With these results in mind, and building on the results of Schippers and Fetterley, we created a model of recontextualization for music therapy practice. This practical tool is intended to guide music therapists to consider multiple issues of authenticity when learning music for clients.","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":"39 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/MTP/MIAA028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49259216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James Hiller, Courtney Belt, Susan C. Gardstrom, Joy Willenbrink-Conte
The purpose of this paper is to put forth a model to support the psychological safety of undergraduate students as they engage in a form of experiential learning called self-experiences (SEs). SEs pair active engagement in learning episodes with learner self-inquiry. The need to safeguard curricular SEs is grounded in the American Music Therapy Association’s Professional Competencies and Code of Ethics and the Certification Board for Music Therapists’ Board Certification Domains. We first explicate several types and benefits of SEs and identify potential risks and contraindications that may compromise learners’ psychological safety and even cause harm. Next, we describe the steps we took in developing the model and gaining administrative approval. We outline major tenets and describe specific safeguarding practices at various levels of implementation. We offer a hypothetical vignette to contextualize the information, address certain challenges in implementing this model, and offer recommendations for future research related to undergraduate experiential learning. Educators, clinical trainers, and supervisors who employ SEs are encouraged to implement safeguards toward upholding professional ethics and supporting learners’ personal and professional development.
{"title":"Safeguarding Curricular Self-Experiences in Undergraduate Music Therapy Education and Training","authors":"James Hiller, Courtney Belt, Susan C. Gardstrom, Joy Willenbrink-Conte","doi":"10.1093/mtp/miaa027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miaa027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this paper is to put forth a model to support the psychological safety of undergraduate students as they engage in a form of experiential learning called self-experiences (SEs). SEs pair active engagement in learning episodes with learner self-inquiry. The need to safeguard curricular SEs is grounded in the American Music Therapy Association’s Professional Competencies and Code of Ethics and the Certification Board for Music Therapists’ Board Certification Domains. We first explicate several types and benefits of SEs and identify potential risks and contraindications that may compromise learners’ psychological safety and even cause harm. Next, we describe the steps we took in developing the model and gaining administrative approval. We outline major tenets and describe specific safeguarding practices at various levels of implementation. We offer a hypothetical vignette to contextualize the information, address certain challenges in implementing this model, and offer recommendations for future research related to undergraduate experiential learning. Educators, clinical trainers, and supervisors who employ SEs are encouraged to implement safeguards toward upholding professional ethics and supporting learners’ personal and professional development.","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48884524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music therapy services are currently being reimbursed through state and private insurance funding streams, yet to date, there is no known systematic exploration on music therapy reimbursement practices. Such information would be helpful to include when communicating with third-party payers and can assist in tracking reimbursement trends. Thus, we sought to provide baseline information on how music therapy services are currently being reimbursed in the United States, with a focus on approved treatment parameters, referral sources, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes used, and types of music interventions and music therapy experiences implemented. Board-certified music therapists in private practice who had successfully obtained reimbursement for music therapy services between 2012 and 2018 completed a 28-item online survey. In total, 7 respondents provided information on 55 unique reimbursement cases from 5 different states, most of which were based on Medicaid waiver programs. We conducted descriptive analyses to summarize music therapy reimbursement practices. Most of the clients were referred by doctors or physician’s assistants. The most common CPT code utilized was 97530 (Therapeutic Activities, one-on-one, each 15 minutes), and most of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes were based on specific diagnoses rather than general clinical needs. In most of the cases, reimbursement of music therapy was ongoing, and services incorporated a variety of music therapy methods, with few specific music interventions identified. Most notably, reimbursement practice varied by state; thus, we recommend the creation and dissemination of state-specific surveys.
{"title":"A Preliminary Overview of Music Therapy Reimbursement Practice in the United States","authors":"K. Sena Moore, L. Peebles","doi":"10.1093/mtp/miaa025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miaa025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Music therapy services are currently being reimbursed through state and private insurance funding streams, yet to date, there is no known systematic exploration on music therapy reimbursement practices. Such information would be helpful to include when communicating with third-party payers and can assist in tracking reimbursement trends. Thus, we sought to provide baseline information on how music therapy services are currently being reimbursed in the United States, with a focus on approved treatment parameters, referral sources, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes used, and types of music interventions and music therapy experiences implemented. Board-certified music therapists in private practice who had successfully obtained reimbursement for music therapy services between 2012 and 2018 completed a 28-item online survey. In total, 7 respondents provided information on 55 unique reimbursement cases from 5 different states, most of which were based on Medicaid waiver programs. We conducted descriptive analyses to summarize music therapy reimbursement practices. Most of the clients were referred by doctors or physician’s assistants. The most common CPT code utilized was 97530 (Therapeutic Activities, one-on-one, each 15 minutes), and most of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes were based on specific diagnoses rather than general clinical needs. In most of the cases, reimbursement of music therapy was ongoing, and services incorporated a variety of music therapy methods, with few specific music interventions identified. Most notably, reimbursement practice varied by state; thus, we recommend the creation and dissemination of state-specific surveys.","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/mtp/miaa025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46393420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many music therapists have alluded to challenges in their work with groups of young people. However, chaos, incorporating experiences of disintegration and destruction, is a construct often overlooked in music therapy literature. Some music therapy authors have related experiences of chaos to the struggles faced by young people referred for therapy. These experiences require management, modification, or resolution. The authors of this article synthesized broader understandings and approaches towards chaos described in literature from fields including music therapy group work, drama therapy, the arts, psychoanalysis, organizational studies, and philosophy. Chaos is positioned as an inherent and necessary aspect of music therapy groups with young people, situated within a mutually potentiating relationship with more ordered features of a group process. From this paradoxical perspective, therapeutic transformation is enabled through creativity that holds the tension between order and the destructiveness of chaos. When chaos is welcomed in music therapy groups and framed within appropriate boundaries, the authors argue that experiences of chaos can be harnessed to support engagement with the paradoxes of creativity and destructiveness. The provision of a space to play with chaos supports young people who are required to flourish within adverse, chaotic life circumstances. The significance of this position for a group of young people who have committed offences in the South African context is highlighted.
{"title":"Playing With Chaos: Broadening Possibilities for How Music Therapist’s Consider Chaos in Group Work With Young People","authors":"H. Oosthuizen, K. Mcferran","doi":"10.1093/mtp/miaa024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miaa024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many music therapists have alluded to challenges in their work with groups of young people. However, chaos, incorporating experiences of disintegration and destruction, is a construct often overlooked in music therapy literature. Some music therapy authors have related experiences of chaos to the struggles faced by young people referred for therapy. These experiences require management, modification, or resolution. The authors of this article synthesized broader understandings and approaches towards chaos described in literature from fields including music therapy group work, drama therapy, the arts, psychoanalysis, organizational studies, and philosophy. Chaos is positioned as an inherent and necessary aspect of music therapy groups with young people, situated within a mutually potentiating relationship with more ordered features of a group process. From this paradoxical perspective, therapeutic transformation is enabled through creativity that holds the tension between order and the destructiveness of chaos. When chaos is welcomed in music therapy groups and framed within appropriate boundaries, the authors argue that experiences of chaos can be harnessed to support engagement with the paradoxes of creativity and destructiveness. The provision of a space to play with chaos supports young people who are required to flourish within adverse, chaotic life circumstances. The significance of this position for a group of young people who have committed offences in the South African context is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":44813,"journal":{"name":"Music Therapy Perspectives","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/mtp/miaa024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49318656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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