Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.15451/EC2019-06-8.06-1-11
Carina Zanco Pereira, Clarissa Rosa, Antônio Carlos da Silva Zanzini
The wild pigs are considered as one of the 100 worse invasive species in the world and they are expanding their rage through Brazilian territory, leading to many social and environmental impacts. Our study’s aim was to estimate the perception of rural communities about the presence of wild pigs in the vicinity of the Itatiaia National Park (INP), Brazil, including the perceived impacts and the acceptance of management policies of the species. We conducted this study in nine rural communities around the INP, where we interviewed 210 inhabitant using structured questionnaires with ten closed dichotomous questions. The majority of respondents know about the existence of the wild pigs in the region and figure out their presence as undesirable and a threaten to the environment and crops, mainly corn, vegetable gardens and sugarcane. Most of respondents are favorable to control measures and eradication of the species, showing one common goal between local community and INP’s managers and an opportunity of effective management of the specie in the region. We reinforce the importance of programs of management of the wild pigs in the region that involves different social actors, including the managers of the INP, farmers and legal hunters properly certified by Brazilian legislation.
{"title":"Perception of presence, impact and control of the invasive species Sus scrofa in the local community living near the Itatiaia National Park, Brazil","authors":"Carina Zanco Pereira, Clarissa Rosa, Antônio Carlos da Silva Zanzini","doi":"10.15451/EC2019-06-8.06-1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/EC2019-06-8.06-1-11","url":null,"abstract":"The wild pigs are considered as one of the 100 worse invasive species in the world and they are expanding their rage through Brazilian territory, leading to many social and environmental impacts. Our study’s aim was to estimate the perception of rural communities about the presence of wild pigs in the vicinity of the Itatiaia National Park (INP), Brazil, including the perceived impacts and the acceptance of management policies of the species. We conducted this study in nine rural communities around the INP, where we interviewed 210 inhabitant using structured questionnaires with ten closed dichotomous questions. The majority of respondents know about the existence of the wild pigs in the region and figure out their presence as undesirable and a threaten to the environment and crops, mainly corn, vegetable gardens and sugarcane. Most of respondents are favorable to control measures and eradication of the species, showing one common goal between local community and INP’s managers and an opportunity of effective management of the specie in the region. We reinforce the importance of programs of management of the wild pigs in the region that involves different social actors, including the managers of the INP, farmers and legal hunters properly certified by Brazilian legislation.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45210139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-13DOI: 10.15451/EC2019-03-8.05-1-22
J. E. H. Bermejo, G. Delucchi, Gustavo Charra, M. L. Pochettino, J. A. Hurrell
“Thistles” constitute a group of prickly herbaceous plants included in the Cardueae tribe (Asteraceae), but in the popular sense that concept is frequently applied to other species of the same family, as well as to some Dipsacaceae, Bromeliaceae, Apiaceae or Cactaceae. Since antiquity, the cultivation and use of thistles for food and medicinal purposes has been well known in the Mediterranean cultures. The different popular knowledge could allow us to refer to a “thistle culture”. During the exploration of America, many of those species and their associated knowledge were transferred from the Old to the New World. In Argentina, several species of thistles, especially Cynara cardunculus , spread extensively throughout the pampas . From early times, they constituted a source of food and low quality fuel, and in several cases they were also employed in popular medicine, with diverse uses, some of which are still in practice. The local importance of some species is mentioned in gaucho literature, arts, and gastronomy. In the 20th century, a large production of artichokes from introduced crops that increased local agro-diversity was recorded in Argentina. This contribution summarizes some aspects of the transfer and re-signification of the thistle between the Iberian Peninsula and Argentina.
{"title":"“Cardos” of two worlds: Transfer and resignification of the uses of thistles from the Iberian Peninsula to Argentina","authors":"J. E. H. Bermejo, G. Delucchi, Gustavo Charra, M. L. Pochettino, J. A. Hurrell","doi":"10.15451/EC2019-03-8.05-1-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/EC2019-03-8.05-1-22","url":null,"abstract":"“Thistles” constitute a group of prickly herbaceous plants included in the Cardueae tribe (Asteraceae), but in the popular sense that concept is frequently applied to other species of the same family, as well as to some Dipsacaceae, Bromeliaceae, Apiaceae or Cactaceae. Since antiquity, the cultivation and use of thistles for food and medicinal purposes has been well known in the Mediterranean cultures. The different popular knowledge could allow us to refer to a “thistle culture”. During the exploration of America, many of those species and their associated knowledge were transferred from the Old to the New World. In Argentina, several species of thistles, especially Cynara cardunculus , spread extensively throughout the pampas . From early times, they constituted a source of food and low quality fuel, and in several cases they were also employed in popular medicine, with diverse uses, some of which are still in practice. The local importance of some species is mentioned in gaucho literature, arts, and gastronomy. In the 20th century, a large production of artichokes from introduced crops that increased local agro-diversity was recorded in Argentina. This contribution summarizes some aspects of the transfer and re-signification of the thistle between the Iberian Peninsula and Argentina.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44285680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15451/EC2019-01-8.02-1-23
Lucía Castillo, A. Ladio
This work investigates the therapeutic value of animals to rural farmers who live on the central plateau of Chubut, Argentina. Open and in-depth interviews were carried out with 35 rural farmers from Sierra Rosada, Sierra Ventana, El Escorial and Telsen. A total of 16 biological species (12 wild and 4 domestic animals) were registered as being employed in treatment (34 registered up to the present) of different ailments, empacho being one of the main therapeutic targets. Of the domestic species, the hen ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) is the most versatile in its usefulness, and choique (Darwin’s Rhea) ( Rhea pennata ) is the most versatile wild animal. Farmers use 15 different parts of the animals, fat being the substance which is used from most species. These zootreatments imply the transfer of aptitudes (the acquisition of a certain attribute of a species through ingestion or contact with specific parts of the animal), which transforms the health and lives of the people. Our results shed light on the symbolic and symbiotic relationships woven into rural life, with their implications for the conservation and management of wild fauna.
{"title":"Zootherapy and rural livestock farmers in semiarid Patagonia: the transfer of animal aptitudes for health","authors":"Lucía Castillo, A. Ladio","doi":"10.15451/EC2019-01-8.02-1-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/EC2019-01-8.02-1-23","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the therapeutic value of animals to rural farmers who live on the central plateau of Chubut, Argentina. Open and in-depth interviews were carried out with 35 rural farmers from Sierra Rosada, Sierra Ventana, El Escorial and Telsen. A total of 16 biological species (12 wild and 4 domestic animals) were registered as being employed in treatment (34 registered up to the present) of different ailments, empacho being one of the main therapeutic targets. Of the domestic species, the hen ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) is the most versatile in its usefulness, and choique (Darwin’s Rhea) ( Rhea pennata ) is the most versatile wild animal. Farmers use 15 different parts of the animals, fat being the substance which is used from most species. These zootreatments imply the transfer of aptitudes (the acquisition of a certain attribute of a species through ingestion or contact with specific parts of the animal), which transforms the health and lives of the people. Our results shed light on the symbolic and symbiotic relationships woven into rural life, with their implications for the conservation and management of wild fauna.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67142513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15451/EC2019-01-8.01-1-39
Tania Vianney Gutiérrez-Santillán, U. Albuquerque, D. Valenzuela-Galván, F. Reyes-Zepeda, L. Vázquez, A. Mora-Olivo, L. Arellano-Méndez
Systematic reviews and meta-analytical approach are a tool used in different social and biological disciplines, but its application in evaluating ethnobiological information is scarce. Thus, through this analytical approach, we seek to answer if there are any patterns in the mexican ethnozoological scientific production. We searched for studies published between 2005 and 2015 in catalogues, repositories and databases. For evaluating significative differences among seven variable datasets, we first used non parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests and then Tukey multiple comparison tests. We also determined the link between researchers and institutions with a multidimensional non-metric scaling analysis. We found 295 published studies, book chapters were the most representative (27%), diffusion articles (20%), impact factor articles (15%) and indexed articles (14%). There are significant differences in the number of publications among the evaluated years, among thematic areas, study focus (qualitative/quantitative), ethnographic and biological methods. Regarding academic linking, we identified 94 author adscription institutions, however, no research networks were identified. Our results suggest that the amount, diffusion and reach of mexican ethnozoological production show a tendency to non-periodic publishing, predilection for qualitative approach, a low use of statistical and ethnobiological analysis, as well as an inadequate selection of biological methods. We suggest this data analysis approach will allow a better standardization for information taking and processing, aiding the discipline in its growth and consolidation.
{"title":"Trends on mexican ethnozoological research, vertebrates case: a systematic review","authors":"Tania Vianney Gutiérrez-Santillán, U. Albuquerque, D. Valenzuela-Galván, F. Reyes-Zepeda, L. Vázquez, A. Mora-Olivo, L. Arellano-Méndez","doi":"10.15451/EC2019-01-8.01-1-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/EC2019-01-8.01-1-39","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic reviews and meta-analytical approach are a tool used in different social and biological disciplines, but its application in evaluating ethnobiological information is scarce. Thus, through this analytical approach, we seek to answer if there are any patterns in the mexican ethnozoological scientific production. We searched for studies published between 2005 and 2015 in catalogues, repositories and databases. For evaluating significative differences among seven variable datasets, we first used non parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests and then Tukey multiple comparison tests. We also determined the link between researchers and institutions with a multidimensional non-metric scaling analysis. We found 295 published studies, book chapters were the most representative (27%), diffusion articles (20%), impact factor articles (15%) and indexed articles (14%). There are significant differences in the number of publications among the evaluated years, among thematic areas, study focus (qualitative/quantitative), ethnographic and biological methods. Regarding academic linking, we identified 94 author adscription institutions, however, no research networks were identified. Our results suggest that the amount, diffusion and reach of mexican ethnozoological production show a tendency to non-periodic publishing, predilection for qualitative approach, a low use of statistical and ethnobiological analysis, as well as an inadequate selection of biological methods. We suggest this data analysis approach will allow a better standardization for information taking and processing, aiding the discipline in its growth and consolidation.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67142758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15451/ec2019-01-8.03-1-19
N. D. Jiménez-Escobar, Gustavo J. Martínez
{"title":"Firewood knowledge, use and selection by rural populations in the Dry Chaco of Sierra de Ancasti, Catamarca, Argentina","authors":"N. D. Jiménez-Escobar, Gustavo J. Martínez","doi":"10.15451/ec2019-01-8.03-1-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2019-01-8.03-1-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67142574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.15451/EC2018-10-7.15-1-20
D. Morales, S. Molares, A. Ladio
The use of biomass as an energy resource is key to the subsistence and development of diverse rural populations throughout the world. Nevertheless, little has been considered as to how biomass consumption patterns vary throughout the year, or what strategies locals may employ. In a rural community of the Patagonian steppe, seasonal variation in domestic consumption of fuel plants was studied. Possible socioeconomic conditioning factors (i.e., size of family unit, infrastructure of dwellings, number of combustion appliances used) were analysed, and seasonal variation in the richness of plant species used was determined. Average biomass consumption was found to be 12000 kg/year/home and 1479 kg/year/per capita, with significantly higher values during winter (62.89 kg/day/home), than in summer (18.45 kg/day/home). The richness of fuel species used varied significantly during the year, and in line with biomass estimates, the highest use consensus for species was recorded during winter and autumn, with exotic species predominating. The maximum difference in species was registered in autumn, due to an increase in the stockpiling of wood bought for winter, when the preference is for high caloric value and accessible commercial price. During the year the main species used were Salix spp. and Nothofagus antarctica . The study of seasonal variation in firewood consumption contributes knowledge that can be used in detailed management of this resource, with attention being paid to differential needs as seen from a local perspective.
{"title":"Seasonal Variation in the consumption of biomass fuel in a rural community of arid Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"D. Morales, S. Molares, A. Ladio","doi":"10.15451/EC2018-10-7.15-1-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/EC2018-10-7.15-1-20","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biomass as an energy resource is key to the subsistence and development of diverse rural populations throughout the world. Nevertheless, little has been considered as to how biomass consumption patterns vary throughout the year, or what strategies locals may employ. In a rural community of the Patagonian steppe, seasonal variation in domestic consumption of fuel plants was studied. Possible socioeconomic conditioning factors (i.e., size of family unit, infrastructure of dwellings, number of combustion appliances used) were analysed, and seasonal variation in the richness of plant species used was determined. Average biomass consumption was found to be 12000 kg/year/home and 1479 kg/year/per capita, with significantly higher values during winter (62.89 kg/day/home), than in summer (18.45 kg/day/home). The richness of fuel species used varied significantly during the year, and in line with biomass estimates, the highest use consensus for species was recorded during winter and autumn, with exotic species predominating. The maximum difference in species was registered in autumn, due to an increase in the stockpiling of wood bought for winter, when the preference is for high caloric value and accessible commercial price. During the year the main species used were Salix spp. and Nothofagus antarctica . The study of seasonal variation in firewood consumption contributes knowledge that can be used in detailed management of this resource, with attention being paid to differential needs as seen from a local perspective.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42493243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-19DOI: 10.15451/EC2018-10-7.14-1-38
Lucía Cariola, Andrea E. Izquierdo, N. Hilgert
Land use changes associated with the advance of forest plantations on lands previously used for agriculture generate diverse perceptions of the socio-environmental impact they entail. In last decades there has been a transformation in land use associated with the development of forestry activity in the northwest of the province of Misiones, Argentina. Considering local communities in order to improve assessment, governance and decision-making in sustainable management, we posed two questions: What are local communities’ environmental, social and economic perceptions of tree plantations? What is the role of scale of production in these perceptions? To this purpose we first described the productive matrix of the landscape mapping the forest plantation cover of the area and classifying the productive units in different Forest Management Model (large, medium and small scale). Then, we identified and selected participants from comparable rural communities in each FMM, who through a Q survey grouped phrases according their perceptions. Subsequently, emerging viewpoints were recognised. Our analysis shows that forestry activity is not poorly conceptualized in contrast to conceptualization of the management of larger-scale productive systems in combination with government policies promoting them. The management carried out through large areas that result in a homogenization of the landscape are perceived negatively. In general terms, the local imagination perceives the promotion and establishment of forestry companies as a mistake if planning to protect pre-existing familiar productive systems is not previously carried out.
{"title":"Social perception of tree plantations in the Atlantic forest of Argentina: the role of management scale","authors":"Lucía Cariola, Andrea E. Izquierdo, N. Hilgert","doi":"10.15451/EC2018-10-7.14-1-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/EC2018-10-7.14-1-38","url":null,"abstract":"Land use changes associated with the advance of forest plantations on lands previously used for agriculture generate diverse perceptions of the socio-environmental impact they entail. In last decades there has been a transformation in land use associated with the development of forestry activity in the northwest of the province of Misiones, Argentina. Considering local communities in order to improve assessment, governance and decision-making in sustainable management, we posed two questions: What are local communities’ environmental, social and economic perceptions of tree plantations? What is the role of scale of production in these perceptions? To this purpose we first described the productive matrix of the landscape mapping the forest plantation cover of the area and classifying the productive units in different Forest Management Model (large, medium and small scale). Then, we identified and selected participants from comparable rural communities in each FMM, who through a Q survey grouped phrases according their perceptions. Subsequently, emerging viewpoints were recognised. Our analysis shows that forestry activity is not poorly conceptualized in contrast to conceptualization of the management of larger-scale productive systems in combination with government policies promoting them. The management carried out through large areas that result in a homogenization of the landscape are perceived negatively. In general terms, the local imagination perceives the promotion and establishment of forestry companies as a mistake if planning to protect pre-existing familiar productive systems is not previously carried out.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-07DOI: 10.15451/EC2018-09-7.12-1-26
S. Bortolamiol, S. Krief, C. Chapman, W. Kagoro, A. Seguya, Marianne Cohen
International guidelines recommend the integration of local communities within protected areas management as a means to improve conservation efforts. However, local management plans rarely consider communities knowledge about wildlife and their traditions to promote biodiversity conservation. In the Sebitoli area of Kibale National Park, Uganda, the contact of local communities with wildlife has been strictly limited at least since the establishment of the park in 1993. The park has not develop programs, outside of touristic sites, to promote local traditions, knowledge, and beliefs in order to link neighboring community members to nature. To investigate such links, we used a combination of semidirected interviews and participative observations (N= 31) with three communities. While human and wildlife territories are legally disjointed, results show that traditional wildlife and spiritual related knowledge trespasses them and the contact with nature is maintained though practice, culture, and imagination. More than 66% of the people we interviewed have wild animals as totems, and continue to use plants to medicate, cook, or build. Five spirits structure humanwildlife relationships at specific sacred sites. However, this knowledge varies as a function of the location of local communities and the sacred sites. A better integration of local wildlifefriendly knowledge into management plans may revive communities’ connectedness to nature, motivate conservation behaviors, and promote biodiversity conservation.
{"title":"Wildlife and spiritual knowledge at the edge of protected areas: raising another voice in conservation","authors":"S. Bortolamiol, S. Krief, C. Chapman, W. Kagoro, A. Seguya, Marianne Cohen","doi":"10.15451/EC2018-09-7.12-1-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/EC2018-09-7.12-1-26","url":null,"abstract":"International guidelines recommend the integration of local communities within protected areas management as a means to improve conservation efforts. However, local management plans rarely consider communities knowledge about wildlife and their traditions to promote biodiversity conservation. In the Sebitoli area of Kibale National Park, Uganda, the contact of local communities with wildlife has been strictly limited at least since the establishment of the park in 1993. The park has not develop programs, outside of touristic sites, to promote local traditions, knowledge, and beliefs in order to link neighboring community members to nature. To investigate such links, we used a combination of semidirected interviews and participative observations (N= 31) with three communities. While human and wildlife territories are legally disjointed, results show that traditional wildlife and spiritual related knowledge trespasses them and the contact with nature is maintained though practice, culture, and imagination. More than 66% of the people we interviewed have wild animals as totems, and continue to use plants to medicate, cook, or build. Five spirits structure humanwildlife relationships at specific sacred sites. However, this knowledge varies as a function of the location of local communities and the sacred sites. A better integration of local wildlifefriendly knowledge into management plans may revive communities’ connectedness to nature, motivate conservation behaviors, and promote biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46091644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-25DOI: 10.15451/EC2018-08-7.10-1-22
Robério Freire Filho, T. Pinto, B. Bezerra
Traditional or Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) has contributed to the development of conservation strategies for many species, including primates. A lack of basic knowledge about the Endangered Caatinga howler monkey ( Alouatta ululata ) in Northeastern Brazil makes it difficult to design and implement effective conservation strategies. We aimed to improve our understanding of the geographic range of A. ululata , collect LEK on the species, and understand how people interact with these howlers. We conducted semi-structured interviews with members of local communities in two regions within the currently known distribution range of the Caatinga howler monkey. The maps were constructed based on the information currently available in the literature and on the data obtained through our semi-structured interviews. We identified new areas of occurrence for Caatinga howler monkeys, increasing the species’ range in a Northeastern direction in the state of Ceara. Gross domestic product (GDP) and population size were inversely related to the amount of knowledge that the local human population showed about the Caatinga howler monkeys. Local knowledge of howling hours and seasons may increase the chances of researchers locating the species, optimizing time and funding resources. Despite a positive attitude towards Caatinga howler monkeys in both regions (i.e. howlers were not killed in retaliation for crop raiding and locals found their vocalizations pleasant), we identified poaching and medicinal uses of the species. Our data demonstrated that the range of Caatinga howler monkeys was larger than previously recorded and also that local knowledge was crucial for triangulating the species location.
{"title":"Using local ecological knowledge to access the distribution of the Endangered Caatinga howler monkey (Alouatta ululata)","authors":"Robério Freire Filho, T. Pinto, B. Bezerra","doi":"10.15451/EC2018-08-7.10-1-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/EC2018-08-7.10-1-22","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional or Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) has contributed to the development of conservation strategies for many species, including primates. A lack of basic knowledge about the Endangered Caatinga howler monkey ( Alouatta ululata ) in Northeastern Brazil makes it difficult to design and implement effective conservation strategies. We aimed to improve our understanding of the geographic range of A. ululata , collect LEK on the species, and understand how people interact with these howlers. We conducted semi-structured interviews with members of local communities in two regions within the currently known distribution range of the Caatinga howler monkey. The maps were constructed based on the information currently available in the literature and on the data obtained through our semi-structured interviews. We identified new areas of occurrence for Caatinga howler monkeys, increasing the species’ range in a Northeastern direction in the state of Ceara. Gross domestic product (GDP) and population size were inversely related to the amount of knowledge that the local human population showed about the Caatinga howler monkeys. Local knowledge of howling hours and seasons may increase the chances of researchers locating the species, optimizing time and funding resources. Despite a positive attitude towards Caatinga howler monkeys in both regions (i.e. howlers were not killed in retaliation for crop raiding and locals found their vocalizations pleasant), we identified poaching and medicinal uses of the species. Our data demonstrated that the range of Caatinga howler monkeys was larger than previously recorded and also that local knowledge was crucial for triangulating the species location.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-24DOI: 10.15451/EC2018-08-7.11-1-21
M. Camino, S. Cortez, M. Altrichter, S. Matteucci
Indigenous Wichis and mestizos Criollos inhabit a rural, biodiversity rich, area of the Argentinean Dry Chaco. Traditionally, Wichis were nomads and their relations with wildlife were shaped by animistic and shamanic beliefs. Today, Wichis live in stable communities and practice subsistence hunting, gathering and in some cases, fishing. Criollos are mestizos , i.e. a mixture of the first Spanish settlers and different indigenous groups. They arrived during the 20th century from neighbouring Provinces. They practice extensive ranching, hunting and gathering. Our aim was to help develop effective and legitimate actions to conserve wildlife species in this region, focused on Wichis ´ and Criollos ´ perceptions of and relations with wildlife. We conducted semi-structured interviews (N=105) in rural settlements. We found differences in both groups´ hunting techniques, drivers and perceptions on the importance of wild meat for nutrition. However, both groups have a close relation with wildlife, they use wild animals in a variety of ways, including as food resource, medicine and predictors of future events. Wichis and Criollos also relate with wildlife in a spiritual dimension, have animistic and shamanic beliefs and have unique traditional ecological knowledge. Hunters in both communities are breaking traditional hunting norms but conservation measures grounded on these norms have a higher probability of success. Management recommendations include developing programmes focused on (i) conserving thin armadillos; (ii) conserving pregnant and breeding females of all species; (iii) managing dogs to avoid unnecessary killings and on (iv) improving local livelihoods. We also provide recommendations that are specific for each group.
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