Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.15451/ec2020-06-9.26-1-14
Jade Lima-Santos, Henrique Caldeira Costa, Flavio de Barros Molina
A serpentiform body is a morphological adaptation present in different groups of animals. This body form is often associated with snakes, which can result in the indiscriminate killing of animals with this form. Despite their great socioeconomic and ecological importance, snakes are commonly associated with feelings of aversion, fear, and disgust. Such feelings prevent conservation measures from being followed. The present work was conducted in the M'Boi Mirim Park, in Sao Paulo (Brazil) to register the popular knowledge and to discuss people’s feelings and attitudes towards snakes and other elongated legless animals. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 70 participants. The largest percentage of the interviewees identified snakes by the forked tongue and the cylindrical body shape, fast perceiving characteristics to human eyes. In an encounter with a serpentiform animal that may be a venomous snake, this behavior will make sense as it is better to deal with a false positive than with a false negative. However, this result demonstrated a lack of adequate knowledge about morphological characteristics seen exclusively in snakes. Many interviewees are afraid of snakes, which, along with misidentification, can cause disastrous encounters and can lead to indiscriminate killing of snakes and other snake-like animals. To reinforce this negative situation, it was detected that even in a large city, legends and myths about snakes and snake-like animals are passed on through generations. Additionally, people are unaware that some snake populations or even species are facing extinction threats. Our results point to the need for an educational programme that changes people attitudes towards snakes and snake-like animals at M’Boi Mirim and other Municipal parks.
{"title":"The curse of being serpentiform: Perceptions of snakelike animals in São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Jade Lima-Santos, Henrique Caldeira Costa, Flavio de Barros Molina","doi":"10.15451/ec2020-06-9.26-1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2020-06-9.26-1-14","url":null,"abstract":"A serpentiform body is a morphological adaptation present in different groups of animals. This body form is often associated with snakes, which can result in the indiscriminate killing of animals with this form. Despite their great socioeconomic and ecological importance, snakes are commonly associated with feelings of aversion, fear, and disgust. Such feelings prevent conservation measures from being followed. The present work was conducted in the M'Boi Mirim Park, in Sao Paulo (Brazil) to register the popular knowledge and to discuss people’s feelings and attitudes towards snakes and other elongated legless animals. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 70 participants. The largest percentage of the interviewees identified snakes by the forked tongue and the cylindrical body shape, fast perceiving characteristics to human eyes. In an encounter with a serpentiform animal that may be a venomous snake, this behavior will make sense as it is better to deal with a false positive than with a false negative. However, this result demonstrated a lack of adequate knowledge about morphological characteristics seen exclusively in snakes. Many interviewees are afraid of snakes, which, along with misidentification, can cause disastrous encounters and can lead to indiscriminate killing of snakes and other snake-like animals. To reinforce this negative situation, it was detected that even in a large city, legends and myths about snakes and snake-like animals are passed on through generations. Additionally, people are unaware that some snake populations or even species are facing extinction threats. Our results point to the need for an educational programme that changes people attitudes towards snakes and snake-like animals at M’Boi Mirim and other Municipal parks.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67143201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.15451/ec2020-06-9.22-1-34
Karina Ramos, R. Machado, A. Schiavetti
Many marine mammal species, such as pinnipeds, have shown an increased frequency of interaction with fisheries. Thus, we aimed to investigate the operational interactions between commercial fishing and sea lion species of all five continents, between 1982 and 2018. We found 130 publications in which operational interactions between commercial fisheries and the species of sea lions were detected, in 12 countries. These interactions included bycatch, presence of the animals around boats, depredation, gear damage, entanglement in lost/discarded fishing gear, boat collisions, aggressions, gear-related injuries and harassment. Trawl and gillnet fisheries showed significantly increased association with bycatch, although purse seine fishing was reported as having the largest groups of pinnipeds in the interactions. Gillnet and line fisheries registered more events of depredation and gear damage. Other interactions, such as entanglement and aggressions, were also very common for all species. We suggest that the interactions should be monitored using the data of onboard observers from different fleets and fisheries. Bycatch limits, change in fishing practices, decreased fishing effort, and the establishment of effective MPAs may reduce impact on the fauna. Moreover, data on bycatch should be standardized to enable comparisons between fisheries and locations. The extent of commercial losses caused by pinnipeds should also be characterized to depict the real impact of operational interactions in fisheries economy. Lastly, the identification of interaction hotspots can enable efficient conflict management in the affected areas.
{"title":"Operational interactions between sea lion species (Otariinae) and commercial fisheries","authors":"Karina Ramos, R. Machado, A. Schiavetti","doi":"10.15451/ec2020-06-9.22-1-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2020-06-9.22-1-34","url":null,"abstract":"Many marine mammal species, such as pinnipeds, have shown an increased frequency of interaction with fisheries. Thus, we aimed to investigate the operational interactions between commercial fishing and sea lion species of all five continents, between 1982 and 2018. We found 130 publications in which operational interactions between commercial fisheries and the species of sea lions were detected, in 12 countries. These interactions included bycatch, presence of the animals around boats, depredation, gear damage, entanglement in lost/discarded fishing gear, boat collisions, aggressions, gear-related injuries and harassment. Trawl and gillnet fisheries showed significantly increased association with bycatch, although purse seine fishing was reported as having the largest groups of pinnipeds in the interactions. Gillnet and line fisheries registered more events of depredation and gear damage. Other interactions, such as entanglement and aggressions, were also very common for all species. We suggest that the interactions should be monitored using the data of onboard observers from different fleets and fisheries. Bycatch limits, change in fishing practices, decreased fishing effort, and the establishment of effective MPAs may reduce impact on the fauna. Moreover, data on bycatch should be standardized to enable comparisons between fisheries and locations. The extent of commercial losses caused by pinnipeds should also be characterized to depict the real impact of operational interactions in fisheries economy. Lastly, the identification of interaction hotspots can enable efficient conflict management in the affected areas.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47659218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.15451/ec2020-05-9.11-1-5
Gonçalves-Souza Thiago, José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho, Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
Abstract!
{"title":"Why scientific information does not necessarily impact the decisions by human society","authors":"Gonçalves-Souza Thiago, José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho, Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque","doi":"10.15451/ec2020-05-9.11-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2020-05-9.11-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract!","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49101193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.15451/ec2020-02-9.04-1-15
Evaldo de Lira Azevêdo, M. A. Drumond, R. R. Alves, T. L. Dias, J. Molozzi
Conservation and management strategies must be holistic, and therefore must guarantee the participation of local communities in the processes of identifying threats. Our study sought to identify the principal threats to reservoir conservation in the semiarid region of Brazil based on the perception of residents, and develop a conceptual model with the main threats to be used as a basis for orienting conservation measures. The study was undertaken with four communities around four reservoirs in two watersheds. A total of 126 people were interviewed to identify threats to reservoir conservation. The Criticality Index (CI) of threats was calculated based on the methodology developed by Open Patterns for Conservation Practices. Among the principal threats to reservoirs identified by local populations were discharging residues (both solid and liquids) and overfishing. In support of local perception, larger Criticality Index values were recorded for: 1- discharging residues (CI = 0.50), 2- deforestation in the riparian zone (CI= 0.20), and 3 - overfishing (CI = 0.17). The recorded threats put at risk the sustainability of local ecosystems and human populations. It will be necessary to develop effective conservation policies that promote environmental awareness and foster the participation of local communities in the sustainable administration of local ecosystems.
{"title":"Evaluating conservation threats to reservoirs in the semiarid region of Brazil using the perception of residents","authors":"Evaldo de Lira Azevêdo, M. A. Drumond, R. R. Alves, T. L. Dias, J. Molozzi","doi":"10.15451/ec2020-02-9.04-1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2020-02-9.04-1-15","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation and management strategies must be holistic, and therefore must guarantee the participation of local communities in the processes of identifying threats. Our study sought to identify the principal threats to reservoir conservation in the semiarid region of Brazil based on the perception of residents, and develop a conceptual model with the main threats to be used as a basis for orienting conservation measures. The study was undertaken with four communities around four reservoirs in two watersheds. A total of 126 people were interviewed to identify threats to reservoir conservation. The Criticality Index (CI) of threats was calculated based on the methodology developed by Open Patterns for Conservation Practices. Among the principal threats to reservoirs identified by local populations were discharging residues (both solid and liquids) and overfishing. In support of local perception, larger Criticality Index values were recorded for: 1- discharging residues (CI = 0.50), 2- deforestation in the riparian zone (CI= 0.20), and 3 - overfishing (CI = 0.17). The recorded threats put at risk the sustainability of local ecosystems and human populations. It will be necessary to develop effective conservation policies that promote environmental awareness and foster the participation of local communities in the sustainable administration of local ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43468136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.15451/ec2019-10-8.13-1-13
Fernando Ballejo, M. G. Grilli, Sergio A. Lambertucci
In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in integrating the social sciences and conservation studies to inform a more realistic management approach. Indeed, an understanding of people's perception of fauna helps in the evaluation of possible conflicts with humans, and provides tools to solve these conflicts. However, perceptions may change along different parts of a species' geographical distribution. Scavenger birds are not exempt from these conflicts as many farmers blame them for attacking and killing livestock. We evaluated the knowledge, perceptions and attitude of people regarding New World vultures along a migratory path in South America. We conducted 114 interviews with farmers in six different localities between Argentine Patagonia and central Bolivia. About half (48.2%) of the interviewees considered vultures harmful to livestock and a substantial number (24.5%) considered killing these birds as a solution for the conflict. The perception of the damage caused by these birds was worse in vultures' wintering and breeding areas, than along the migration route. People with a higher level of education and greater numbers of livestock exhibited more negative perceptions. However, many people (53%) still believed that scavenger birds are important for the environment. Our results suggest that acknowledgment of services provided by scavengers makes killing of scavengers less likely. Educational strategies are needed to increase levels of appreciation toward the ecosystem services provided by vultures, over those of perceived damages.
{"title":"A long and troublesome journey: People's perceptions and attitudes along the migratory path of a scavenger bird","authors":"Fernando Ballejo, M. G. Grilli, Sergio A. Lambertucci","doi":"10.15451/ec2019-10-8.13-1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2019-10-8.13-1-13","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in integrating the social sciences and conservation studies to inform a more realistic management approach. Indeed, an understanding of people's perception of fauna helps in the evaluation of possible conflicts with humans, and provides tools to solve these conflicts. However, perceptions may change along different parts of a species' geographical distribution. Scavenger birds are not exempt from these conflicts as many farmers blame them for attacking and killing livestock. We evaluated the knowledge, perceptions and attitude of people regarding New World vultures along a migratory path in South America. We conducted 114 interviews with farmers in six different localities between Argentine Patagonia and central Bolivia. About half (48.2%) of the interviewees considered vultures harmful to livestock and a substantial number (24.5%) considered killing these birds as a solution for the conflict. The perception of the damage caused by these birds was worse in vultures' wintering and breeding areas, than along the migration route. People with a higher level of education and greater numbers of livestock exhibited more negative perceptions. However, many people (53%) still believed that scavenger birds are important for the environment. Our results suggest that acknowledgment of services provided by scavengers makes killing of scavengers less likely. Educational strategies are needed to increase levels of appreciation toward the ecosystem services provided by vultures, over those of perceived damages.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49653887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.15451/ec2019-10-8.12-1-31
R. France
Recognizing shifts in baseline conditions is necessary for understanding longterm changes in populations as a prelude to implementing presentday management actions and setting future restoration goals for anthropogenicallyaltered marine ecosystems. Examining historical information contained within anecdotal accounts from nontraditional sources has previously proven useful in this regard. Herein, I scrutinize eyewitness accounts and accompanying illustrations published in nineteenthcentury natural history journals which together comprise the most detailed description of sighting a purported sea serpent in the British Isles. I then reinterpret this anecdote (as well as complementary evidence offered by cryptozooloogists in its support obtained from other published journal articles of similarly described unidentified marine objects), suggesting it to provide one of the earliest reports of the nonlethal entanglement of an animal—in this case what I believe to have been a basking shark—in European waters. The present work suggests that the entanglement of sharks in fishing gear or hunting equipment has a much longer environmental history than is commonly believed, and provides another example of how ethnozoological studies can contribute toward recognizing past fishingrelated pressures and baseline shifts in affected populations. Sharks, it seems, have been subjected to the impacts of not just direct fishery exploitation but also through becoming bycatch, long before the advent and widespread use of plastic in the middle of the twentieth century.
{"title":"Ethnobiology and Shifting Baselines: An Example Reinterpreting the British Isles’ Most Detailed Account of a Sea Serpent Sighting as Early Evidence for PrePlastic Entanglement of Basking Sharks","authors":"R. France","doi":"10.15451/ec2019-10-8.12-1-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2019-10-8.12-1-31","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing shifts in baseline conditions is necessary for understanding longterm changes in populations as a prelude to implementing presentday management actions and setting future restoration goals for anthropogenicallyaltered marine ecosystems. Examining historical information contained within anecdotal accounts from nontraditional sources has previously proven useful in this regard. Herein, I scrutinize eyewitness accounts and accompanying illustrations published in nineteenthcentury natural history journals which together comprise the most detailed description of sighting a purported sea serpent in the British Isles. I then reinterpret this anecdote (as well as complementary evidence offered by cryptozooloogists in its support obtained from other published journal articles of similarly described unidentified marine objects), suggesting it to provide one of the earliest reports of the nonlethal entanglement of an animal—in this case what I believe to have been a basking shark—in European waters. The present work suggests that the entanglement of sharks in fishing gear or hunting equipment has a much longer environmental history than is commonly believed, and provides another example of how ethnozoological studies can contribute toward recognizing past fishingrelated pressures and baseline shifts in affected populations. Sharks, it seems, have been subjected to the impacts of not just direct fishery exploitation but also through becoming bycatch, long before the advent and widespread use of plastic in the middle of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42842161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-29DOI: 10.15451/ec2019-08-8.11-1-18
Melisa Gabriela Geisa, N. Hilgert
Bees called meliponas (family Apidae, tribe Meliponini) are native stingless bees (ANSA) whose products (honey and other elements from the hive) have been employed by various indigenous and peasant cultures since ancient times. This study lists the native honeybee species known to criollos from northwest Cordoba. It also analyzes in particular the relationship between peasants living in three different environments in the region and the uses they assign to Plebeia molesta honey. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 42 key interlocutors. To analyze the obtained information qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Local people recognize 4 native melliferous insects, being the one called “quella” the most important. Its honey is used mainly for medicinal purposes and as food. The predominant use as medicine is ingestion in pure form (45%) and the most frequently treated conditions are those related to the respiratory system (88.53%). In relation to the changes perceived in the availability of this resource, 75% of the interlocutors considered that the frequency of nest encounters has decreased in the last decades. The assigned uses of honey show a high variability in relation to the sociocultural and occupational characteristics of the inhabitants. It is concluded that this honey is a valuable resource for farmers in the region. Given the perceived decrease of these populations, management and conservation strategies should be implemented that,incorporating the peasant point of view, guarantee their accessibility and perpetuity.
{"title":"The honey of Plebeia molesta and other melliferous insects in the peasant culture of the Northwest of Córdoba, Argentina","authors":"Melisa Gabriela Geisa, N. Hilgert","doi":"10.15451/ec2019-08-8.11-1-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2019-08-8.11-1-18","url":null,"abstract":"Bees called meliponas (family Apidae, tribe Meliponini) are native stingless bees (ANSA) whose products (honey and other elements from the hive) have been employed by various indigenous and peasant cultures since ancient times. This study lists the native honeybee species known to criollos from northwest Cordoba. It also analyzes in particular the relationship between peasants living in three different environments in the region and the uses they assign to Plebeia molesta honey. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 42 key interlocutors. To analyze the obtained information qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Local people recognize 4 native melliferous insects, being the one called “quella” the most important. Its honey is used mainly for medicinal purposes and as food. The predominant use as medicine is ingestion in pure form (45%) and the most frequently treated conditions are those related to the respiratory system (88.53%). In relation to the changes perceived in the availability of this resource, 75% of the interlocutors considered that the frequency of nest encounters has decreased in the last decades. The assigned uses of honey show a high variability in relation to the sociocultural and occupational characteristics of the inhabitants. It is concluded that this honey is a valuable resource for farmers in the region. Given the perceived decrease of these populations, management and conservation strategies should be implemented that,incorporating the peasant point of view, guarantee their accessibility and perpetuity.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44212025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-06DOI: 10.15451/EC2019-08-8.10-1-41
J. P. Puentes, P. Arenas, J. A. Hurrell
This article contributes to the study about urban botanical knowledge within the pluricultural context of Buenos Aires-La Plata Metropolitan Area, in particular, the botanical knowledge about plants and its products introduced by Chinese immigrants in the Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires. The registered functional food and nutraceutical plants products marketed by these immigrants (that belong to the Traditional Chinese Phytotherapy) are locally employed for the treatment of diseases linked to the urban way of life, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cancer, cognitive dysfunctions, among others. In this sense, the work contributes to the understanding of the local biocultural diversity (both plants and its associated knowledge). The research followed usual qualitative ethnobotanical methods and techniques, especially semi-structured and free interviews to 250 qualified informants, prior informed consent. An inventory of plant products of 52 vascular plants (vegetables, legumes, fruits, condiments) locally recognized as functional foods was obtained. Plants products belonging to 30 of the 52 treated taxa are commercialized only within the restricted commercial circuit of the Chinese immigrants. Therefore, these taxa are considered “invisible” for the majority of local inhabitants. Plants products of the 22 remaining taxa are marketed in both the restricted Chinese circuit and the general commercial one. Then, these taxa are “visible” for all residents. Local botanical knowledge is evaluated from the circulation of plant products in local trade circuits. “Invisible” taxa may become “visible” when entering the general commercial circuit. This “visualization process” of plants products and its associated knowledge express the local botanical knowledge dynamics.
{"title":"Chinese functional foods and nutraceuticals: plants and products commercialized in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina","authors":"J. P. Puentes, P. Arenas, J. A. Hurrell","doi":"10.15451/EC2019-08-8.10-1-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/EC2019-08-8.10-1-41","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the study about urban botanical knowledge within the pluricultural context of Buenos Aires-La Plata Metropolitan Area, in particular, the botanical knowledge about plants and its products introduced by Chinese immigrants in the Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires. The registered functional food and nutraceutical plants products marketed by these immigrants (that belong to the Traditional Chinese Phytotherapy) are locally employed for the treatment of diseases linked to the urban way of life, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cancer, cognitive dysfunctions, among others. In this sense, the work contributes to the understanding of the local biocultural diversity (both plants and its associated knowledge). The research followed usual qualitative ethnobotanical methods and techniques, especially semi-structured and free interviews to 250 qualified informants, prior informed consent. An inventory of plant products of 52 vascular plants (vegetables, legumes, fruits, condiments) locally recognized as functional foods was obtained. Plants products belonging to 30 of the 52 treated taxa are commercialized only within the restricted commercial circuit of the Chinese immigrants. Therefore, these taxa are considered “invisible” for the majority of local inhabitants. Plants products of the 22 remaining taxa are marketed in both the restricted Chinese circuit and the general commercial one. Then, these taxa are “visible” for all residents. Local botanical knowledge is evaluated from the circulation of plant products in local trade circuits. “Invisible” taxa may become “visible” when entering the general commercial circuit. This “visualization process” of plants products and its associated knowledge express the local botanical knowledge dynamics.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43776264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.15451/ec2019-07-8.09-1-23
M. Wajner, D. Tamburini, F. Zamudio
In recent times, ethnobiology has revived interest in cognitive aspects of humans’ communities. A concept commonly used in this area is cognitive salience. In this paper we assess the wild animal salience meaning for the rural people from an area of the mountain range of the Cordoba province (Argentina). We also analyzed the relationship of cultural and ecological factors over wild animal domain salience. The values of cognitive salience, perception and cultural value were obtained by means of free lists to 16 collaborators, while semi-structured interviews were used to inquire about local ecological knowledge and ease of observation about wild animals. The interdependence between the five variables elaborated was analyzed through a Principal Components Regression. The results show a qualitative relationship between Cognitive Salience and Cultural Value and a significant correlation between Cognitive Salience and Local Ecological Knowledge. Ease of Observation did not correlate with Cognitive Salience, but show a significant relationship with the Perceived Abundance. The results suggest a complex network of factors that are modeling the cognitive salience and local perceptions over wild animals. In our findings, highlight the Cultural Value given to harmful animals which reflects an increasing pattern in the region, the conflict between rural people and wild animals. In turn a mutual influences and causal feedback loops between cognitive salience and an ecological factor, the Perceived abundance, is proposed. Investigations over cognition and about how people perceived nature can give us an idea of how they act in it, a compelling factor when it comes to cultural and biological conservation issues.
{"title":"Ethnozoology in the mountains. What does the cognitive salience of wild animals tell us?","authors":"M. Wajner, D. Tamburini, F. Zamudio","doi":"10.15451/ec2019-07-8.09-1-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15451/ec2019-07-8.09-1-23","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, ethnobiology has revived interest in cognitive aspects of humans’ communities. A concept commonly used in this area is cognitive salience. In this paper we assess the wild animal salience meaning for the rural people from an area of the mountain range of the Cordoba province (Argentina). We also analyzed the relationship of cultural and ecological factors over wild animal domain salience. The values of cognitive salience, perception and cultural value were obtained by means of free lists to 16 collaborators, while semi-structured interviews were used to inquire about local ecological knowledge and ease of observation about wild animals. The interdependence between the five variables elaborated was analyzed through a Principal Components Regression. The results show a qualitative relationship between Cognitive Salience and Cultural Value and a significant correlation between Cognitive Salience and Local Ecological Knowledge. Ease of Observation did not correlate with Cognitive Salience, but show a significant relationship with the Perceived Abundance. The results suggest a complex network of factors that are modeling the cognitive salience and local perceptions over wild animals. In our findings, highlight the Cultural Value given to harmful animals which reflects an increasing pattern in the region, the conflict between rural people and wild animals. In turn a mutual influences and causal feedback loops between cognitive salience and an ecological factor, the Perceived abundance, is proposed. Investigations over cognition and about how people perceived nature can give us an idea of how they act in it, a compelling factor when it comes to cultural and biological conservation issues.","PeriodicalId":44826,"journal":{"name":"Ethnobiology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46484806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.15451/EC2019-06-8.07-1-31
Tania Vianney Gutiérrez-Santillán, Ángel Moreno-Fuentes, A. Sánchez‐González, G. Sánchez-Rojas
The Huasteca region of Mexico is one of the most biologically and culturally diverse in the country. In this study, we set out to identify and analyze biodiversity knowledge and use by two indigenous nahua communities located in two types of vegetation (tropical semi-evergreen forest [TSEF] and montane cloud forest [MCF]). The fieldwork was carried out from January 2011 to December 2012, and ethnobiological information was collected by combining the ethnographic percentage sampling method (10%) and the snowball method, applying multiple freelists to 125 informants. The ethnobiological data was analyzed using indices adapted from measures of ecological diversity, and multivariate methods. In the two communities, 409 ethnospecies were identified, corresponding to a total of 383 species. The TSEF contained greater ethnospecies richness than the MCF. Eleven use categories were identified, the most important being consumption (edible) uses. In general, the local people have considerable knowledge of the biological diversity in their territory. We found that vegetation types influence local knowledge; however, there are similarities between communities in the same cultural group and located in the same geographical region.
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