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“The end of ubuntu”: An extension of Matolino’s scepticism “乌班图的终结”:马托利诺怀疑论的延伸
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2022.2115608
Tosin Adeate
In a joint article1 with Wenceslaus Kwindingwi, Bernard Matolino declared an end to ubuntu. The declaration, they argue, is a result of the failure of ubuntu in practice and theory in modern African societies. This declaration triggered strong reactions, and an analysis of these responses suggests the need for continuous interrogations of African ideals and beliefs and their relevance to modern African thought. In this article, I argue that Kwindingwi and Matolino’s argument is in line with Matolino’s broader scepticism about Afro-communitarianism in general. In other works, he insists that attempts to theoretically and practically ground postcolonial African philosophy in ideas of Afro-communitarianism exaggerate its functionality. I aim to show that Matolino’s Socratic process and the outcomes, as demonstrated in the “The end of ubuntu”, aim to produce quality understanding and reasoned defence of the traditional ideas aimed to guide modern African thought. The rejectionist approach should be seen as a nudge to make the advocacy for African ideals and beliefs, such as ubuntu, match up with the knowledge of them and how they operate in reality.
Bernard Matolino在与Wenceslaus Kwindingwi的联合文章1中宣布结束乌班图。他们认为,这一宣言是乌班图在现代非洲社会实践和理论上失败的结果。这一宣言引发了强烈的反应,对这些反应的分析表明,有必要不断质疑非洲的理想和信仰及其与现代非洲思想的相关性。在这篇文章中,我认为Kwindingwi和Matolino的论点与Matolino对非洲社群主义的更广泛怀疑是一致的。在其他作品中,他坚持认为,试图在非洲社群主义思想中建立后殖民非洲哲学的理论和实践基础,夸大了其功能。我的目的是表明,正如《乌班图的终结》中所展示的那样,马托利诺的苏格拉底过程和结果旨在对旨在指导现代非洲思想的传统思想产生高质量的理解和合理的辩护。拒绝主义的做法应该被视为一种推动,使对非洲理想和信仰的倡导,如乌班图,与对它们的了解以及它们在现实中的运作方式相匹配。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring context-specific collectivism: The Metzian Ubuntu Inventory 测量特定情境下的集体主义:Metzian Ubuntu库存
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2023.2206343
A. C. Terblanché-Greeff, Petrus Nel
Cultural values are often used to categorise groups, e.g. individualism versus collectivism. Often when cultural values are measured, etic scales are used without giving attention to cultural value nuances, e.g. different types of collectivism. An example of a nuanced cultural value is found in the interpretation of ubuntu as a context-specific presentation of collectivism in South Africa. In this article, which may be viewed as an instance of experimental philosophy, the concept of ubuntu will be introduced based on the work of the philosopher Thaddeus Metz by focusing on the distinct aspects of harmonious relationships of identity and solidarity. The theoretical basis was used to develop and validate the Metzian Ubuntu Inventory (MUI) with a sample of 316 respondents. This scale consists of nine items, and has reliability and validity in the South African context. In the conclusion, possible applications of the MUI are suggested.
文化价值观经常被用来对群体进行分类,例如个人主义与集体主义。通常,在衡量文化价值时,使用eti量表时没有注意文化价值的细微差别,例如不同类型的集体主义。一个细致入微的文化价值的例子是将乌班图解释为南非集体主义的具体表现。在这篇可以被视为实验哲学的一个例子的文章中,ubuntu的概念将以哲学家撒迪乌斯·梅茨的作品为基础,重点介绍身份和团结的和谐关系的不同方面。该理论基础用于开发和验证Metzian Ubuntu清单(MUI),样本为316名受访者。该量表由九个项目组成,在南非具有可靠性和有效性。最后,提出了MUI的可能应用。
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引用次数: 0
Contracts and computers 合约及电脑
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2023.2206202
Damon Mackett
This article explores a new form of epistemic injustice related to computers and data mining in our interconnected world. I argue that data mining, as it is currently practiced, not only perpetuates but also contributes to a moral injustice primarily driven by economic factors. By employing Gaile Pohlhaus’s theoretical framework, the paper establishes criteria that classify data mining as a form of epistemic injustice (P1) and demonstrates its differentiation from other known forms in existing literature (P2). Through a comprehensive analysis of data mining’s alignment with these criteria, the article highlights its unique nature and draws attention to its previously overlooked manifestation of epistemic injustice. By comparing data mining to established forms of epistemic injustice, this research underscores the urgent need for a critical examination of this ethical dilemma arising from technological advancements.
本文探讨了在我们这个相互关联的世界中,与计算机和数据挖掘相关的一种新形式的认知不公正。我认为,数据挖掘,正如它目前的实践,不仅延续,而且助长了主要由经济因素驱动的道德不公正。通过采用Gaile Pohlhaus的理论框架,本文建立了将数据挖掘归类为认知不公正形式的标准(P1),并展示了其与现有文献中其他已知形式的区别(P2)。通过对数据挖掘与这些标准的一致性的全面分析,文章强调了其独特性,并提请注意其以前被忽视的认知不公正的表现。通过将数据挖掘与现有的认知不公正形式进行比较,本研究强调了对技术进步引起的这种伦理困境进行批判性检查的迫切需要。
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引用次数: 0
Abolish legal marriage: An anti-vulnerability approach to relationship regulation 废除合法婚姻:一种反脆弱性的关系调节方法
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2023.2206201
Kayleigh Timmer
The institution of marriage makes women vulnerable, as does being unmarried in a society that idealises marriage as the norm. It is argued that the use of civil unions as an alternative to legal marriage does not protect women from this vulnerability, and nor do proposed reforms to the institution. The institution of legal marriage therefore must be abolished. A hybrid of Clare Chambers’ piecemeal regulation of relationships and Elizabeth Brake’s minimal marriage, termed the anti-vulnerability approach to relationship regulation (or the AVA) is put forward as the best means to regulate relationships in a way that will protect women from vulnerability. The AVA is implementable in countries where Western marriage is not always the norm, such as South Africa, and is also strongly compatible with LGBTQIA+ relationship styles and arguments against marriage. However, as a piecemeal regulation of relationships cannot be implemented alongside holistic regulation systems, such as legal marriage, legal marriage would need to be abolished to create a system of regulating relationships that will be able to protect women from vulnerability.
婚姻制度使女性变得脆弱,在一个理想化婚姻为规范的社会中未婚也是如此。有人认为,使用民事结合作为合法婚姻的替代方案并不能保护妇女免受这种脆弱性的影响,对该机构的改革建议也不能。因此,必须废除合法婚姻制度。Clare Chambers对关系的零散监管和Elizabeth Brake的最低限度婚姻的混合,被称为关系监管的反脆弱性方法(或AVA),被认为是以保护女性免受脆弱性的方式监管关系的最佳手段。AVA可在南非等西方婚姻并不总是常态的国家实施,也与LGBTQIA+关系风格和反对婚姻的论点非常兼容。然而,由于零碎的关系监管无法与合法婚姻等整体监管系统一起实施,因此需要废除合法婚姻,以建立一个能够保护妇女免受脆弱性影响的关系监管系统。
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引用次数: 0
Editor’s introduction 编者简介
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2023.2230721
Motsamai Molefe
The question of the purpose of doing (or writing) philosophy can be a perplexing one. The literature on this subject is expansive, controversial and diverse. One useful way, however, is to construe philosophy as an intellectual service to humanity. I am not sure if Plato’s rendition of philosophy as a reflection on a problem until one reaches a state of “wonder” can be useful as a lens through which to make sense of the kind of intellectual service philosophy is to humanity. Kwame Gyekye’s adumbrations on the nature and function of philosophy, however, do shed some light on the kind of service that philosophy can and does offer to humanity. Note these reflections by Gyekye (1997, 6) on the nature and function of philosophy:
做(或写)哲学的目的问题可能是一个令人困惑的问题。关于这一主题的文献是广泛的、有争议的和多样化的。然而,一个有用的方法是将哲学解释为对人类的智力服务。我不确定柏拉图将哲学作为对一个问题的反思,直到人们达到“惊奇”的状态,是否可以作为一个镜头来理解哲学对人类的智力服务。然而,Kwame Gyekye对哲学的性质和功能的暗示,确实揭示了哲学能够而且确实为人类提供的服务。请注意Gyekye(1997,6)对哲学的性质和功能的思考:
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引用次数: 0
The fusion of horizons: The possibility of a genuine ethical dialogue 视野的融合:真正的伦理对话的可能性
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2022.2086741
Erdal Yılmaz
This article seeks the possibility of a genuine ethical dialogue based on Gadamer’s notion of a “fusion of horizons”. For Gadamer, the human being is blessed with the unique ability to understand, and understanding is modelled on the act of conversation in which we engage with others. The fact that different points of view of dialogue partners merge in the process of understanding leads them to a better and mutual understanding, which is a fusion of horizons. For some of Gadamer’s critics, in the fusion, the more dominant horizon assimilates the other, which is why Gadamer’s notion of understanding seems to be unethical. To avoid this misinterpretation of the process of understanding, I will interpret Gadamer’s notion of understanding as the fusion of horizons based on his analysis of the concepts of “dialogue” and “play” (Spiel). By doing that, I aim at showing that Gadamer’s notion of the fusion of horizons is a dynamic process and that the latter requires an “openness” of participants to each other, which leads their encounter toward a genuine ethical dialogue.
本文在伽达默尔的“视野融合”概念的基础上寻求真正的伦理对话的可能性。对伽达默尔来说,人类有着独特的理解能力,而理解是建立在我们与他人交谈的行为之上的。对话伙伴的不同观点在理解过程中融合在一起,这使他们能够更好地相互理解,这是一种视野的融合。对于伽达默尔的一些批评者来说,在融合中,更占主导地位的地平线同化了另一个地平线,这就是为什么伽达默尔对理解的概念似乎是不道德的。为了避免这种对理解过程的误解,我将在分析“对话”和“游戏”概念的基础上,将伽达默尔的理解概念解释为视野的融合(Spiel)。通过这样做,我的目的是表明伽达默尔的视野融合概念是一个动态的过程,后者需要参与者相互“开放”,这将使他们的相遇走向真正的道德对话。
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引用次数: 0
Gaia and ontotheology – Latour, Heidegger and the debate with phenomenology 盖亚与本体论——拉图尔、海德格尔与现象学之争
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2022.2095163
J. Schrijvers
This essay joins the ongoing conversation comparing the thought of Bruno Latour to Martin Heidegger’s philosophy of technology in particular and the phenomenological tradition in general. The article queries whether or not there is a metaphysics at work in Latour’s philosophy and, if so, whether this metaphysics would be at a sufficient distance from what Heidegger labelled as ontotheology, “grasping” and “comprehending” being and beings in its totality. The essay finds that at crucial stages Latour repeats features of ontotheological modes of thinking that make for the fact that, despite all evidence to the contrary, Latour is not so distant from modern attempts that reveal beings as they truly are or even beings as they always will be. Throughout, we query what Latour’s account of scientific practice and its concomitant crossing of contingency and meaning can contribute to recent debates in phenomenology.
本文加入了正在进行的对话,将布鲁诺·拉图尔的思想与马丁·海德格尔的技术哲学以及一般的现象学传统进行了比较。这篇文章质疑拉图尔的哲学中是否存在形而上学,如果存在,这种形而上学是否与海德格尔所称的本体论、“把握”和“理解”整体存在和存在有足够的距离。文章发现,在关键阶段,拉图尔重复了本体论思维模式的特征,这使得尽管有所有相反的证据,但拉图尔与揭示存在真实存在甚至永远存在的现代尝试并不遥远,我们质疑拉图尔对科学实践的描述及其偶然性和意义的交叉对现象学最近的争论有何贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Self model and selflessness 自我模范和无私
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2022.2095164
Hari Narayanan V
This article argues that there is no performative self-contradiction involved in reports of selfless consciousness, at least in the non-pathological sense of the term. This is because what is central to the experience of selfless consciousness is a different kind of relation of the self with the rest of the world and, therefore, it is not a case of dissolution or decimation of the self. Such an understanding of selflessness can easily distinguish spiritual selflessness from pathological forms such as depersonalisation. This article seeks to provide an explanation for why reports are made of there being no self or subjectivity by appealing to the notion of attentional saliency.
本文认为,在无私意识的报告中不存在表现性的自相矛盾,至少在这个术语的非病理意义上是如此。这是因为,无私意识体验的核心是自我与世界其他部分的一种不同的关系,因此,这不是自我解体或毁灭的情况。这种对无私的理解可以很容易地将精神上的无私与人格解体等病理形式区分开来。本文试图通过吸引注意力显著性的概念来解释为什么报告没有自我或主观性。
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引用次数: 0
African relational ontology, personhood and immutability 非洲关系本体,人格和不变性
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2022.2095165
L. Cordeiro‐Rodrigues
In the Western theist tradition, the conception of a person tends to be understood as an intrinsic property. Hence, the classification of someone as a person does not depend on relational aspects of that person. From this, Western theists often understand that their conception of God as a person does not clash with the idea of immutability. In this article, I challenge the idea that being a person and being immutable are compatible properties by using Afro-communitarian philosophy and, more specifically Afro-communitarian metaphysics of personhood. Afro-communitarian metaphysics is fundamentally relational, i.e. it understands that most properties of the world depend on the existence of other entities. More precisely, personhood is a property that depends on the existence of relatable beings. But if this is true, then it is not possible to hold that an entity that has the property of personhood also has the property of immutability. More specifically, an entity that is a person has to change due to the fact that personhood is a relational property. This is because it is a necessary condition for being a person that one relates to others, i.e. one only becomes a person when this relation occurs. Hence, the process of becoming a person requires a moment before the relation with another and one after; thereby, the feature of being a person requires the feature of change. With respect to the Christian conception of God, what this implies is that if theist philosophers wish to understand Him as a person, they have to also accept that God is not immutable. For if other beings besides Him are not eternal, then it is only possible that He can be a person when these other beings first started existing. This is the case because the kind of relationality needed to be a person is not simply to relate to something (like emptiness), but to do something that makes Him addressable (which requires that the thing He relates to has the capacity to address Him). This means there are two moments of existence where He has distinct properties and, therefore, is mutable.
在西方有神论传统中,人的概念往往被理解为一种内在属性。因此,将某人分类为一个人并不取决于该人的关系方面。由此,西方有神论者常常明白,他们认为上帝是一个人的观念与上帝的不变性观念并不冲突。在这篇文章中,我通过非洲社群主义哲学,更具体地说,非洲社群主义的人格形而上学,挑战了作为一个人和不可变是相容的属性的观点。非洲社群主义形而上学基本上是关系的,也就是说,它理解世界的大多数属性依赖于其他实体的存在。更准确地说,人格是一种依赖于相关存在的属性。但如果这是真的,那么就不可能认为一个具有人格属性的实体也具有不变性的属性。更具体地说,作为人的实体必须改变,因为人格是一种关系属性。这是因为一个人与他人的关系是成为一个人的必要条件,也就是说,只有当这种关系发生时,一个人才成为一个人。因此,成为一个人的过程需要在与另一个人建立关系之前和之后的片刻;因此,作为一个人的特征需要改变的特征。关于基督教对上帝的概念,这意味着如果有神论哲学家希望把上帝理解为一个人,他们也必须接受上帝不是不变的这一事实。因为如果除了他以外的其他存在不是永恒的,那么只有当这些其他存在开始存在时,他才有可能是一个人。之所以如此,是因为作为一个人所需要的那种关系不是简单地与某件事有关(比如空虚),而是要做一些使他可以被称呼的事情(这要求他所涉及的事情有能力称呼他)。这意味着存在的两个时刻,他有不同的属性,因此,是可变的。
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引用次数: 0
Decoloniality and the (im)possibility of an African feminist philosophy 非殖民化与非洲女性主义哲学的(不)可能性
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02580136.2022.2087144
D. Griffiths
This article offers a prolegomenon for an African feminist philosophy. The prompt for this as an interrogation of Oluwele’s claim that an African feminist philosophy cannot develop until identifiable African worldviews that guide the relationship between men and women have been established. She argues that until there is general agreement about the nature of African philosophy itself, African feminist philosophy will remain impoverished. I critique this claim, unpacking Oluwele’s argument, and examine the contested nature of both African and Western philosophy. Drawing from the work of Mignolo and decolonial thinking, I then argue for the possibility of “epistemic disobedience” concerning the emergence of an African feminist philosophy. Engaging with precolonial African examples which disrupt modern normative gender assumptions and looking at the project of decoloniality, I issue a call for an African feminist philosophy unfettered by the falsely universal claims of modernity/coloniality. My call is for an African feminist philosophy from African loci of enunciation, rooted in the epistemes and experiences of African women. “Most thought-provoking in our thought-provoking time is that we are still not thinking” (Heidegger 1968, 6).
这篇文章为非洲女权主义哲学提供了一个前提。这是对奥卢韦莱主张的一种质疑,即在指导男女关系的可识别的非洲世界观建立之前,非洲女权主义哲学是无法发展的。她认为,在对非洲哲学本身的性质达成普遍共识之前,非洲女权主义哲学将一直处于贫困状态。我批评了这一说法,打开了奥卢韦莱的论点,并考察了非洲和西方哲学的争议性质。从Mignolo和非殖民化思维的作品中,我论证了关于非洲女权主义哲学出现的“认知抗命”的可能性。我以破坏现代规范性性别假设的殖民前非洲为例,审视非殖民化项目,呼吁建立一种不受现代性/殖民性虚假普遍主张束缚的非洲女权主义哲学。我的呼吁是从非洲女性的认识和经历中汲取非洲女权主义哲学。“在我们发人深省的时代,最发人深省的是我们仍然没有思考”(海德格尔1968,6)。
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引用次数: 1
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SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY
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