Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS最新文献

Introduction: India has a huge burden of HIV/AIDS infection. Tenofovir-based first-line therapy is the preferred treatment for newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection.

Materials and methods: The present prospective study was done among newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection. The patients were followed up for 6 months from the day of enrollment. Sociodemographic parameters, CD4 counts, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were analyzed at baseline and after 6 months. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed with the occurrence of ADRs as outcome variable.

Results: In this study, 67 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 32.75 (±14.39) years. Mean CD4 count at the start of treatment was 241.5/mm³. The mean difference in CD4 count was 383.05/mm³ (standard deviation = 274.9). Dizziness, tingling, numbness of extremities, and muscle cramps were the most common adverse effects. On multivariate logistic regression, the occurrence of ADRs was seen to be significantly higher only in illiterate patients.

Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of long-term follow-up of the patients on antiretroviral therapy. Adequate monitoring of the treatment parameters is of utmost importance.

Pediculosis is an infestation of lice on the human body. Pediculosis pubis is primarily found in the pubic region and is usually transmitted by sexual contact. Diagnosis is done by visualization of mites which can be aided by the use of dermoscope. Hereby, we report a case of an Alport syndrome patient having extensive pubic lice infestation with no sexual history and probable transmission from cattle.

Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is used to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the HIV/AIDS associated morbidity and mortality significantly. But 25% of all patients discontinue treatment because of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDR) are very common with ART regimens, which may range from mild pruritus, maculopapular rash to serious Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). ACDRs comprise 10%-30% of all reported ADRs.

Aims and objectives: To assess the different types of cutaneous adverse drug reactions in immunocompromised children of less than 18years.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective record-based study, conducted at department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College (GMC)/Government General Hospital (GGH), Suryapet, Telangana, India. Data was collected from the records available at ART centre, from November 2018 to October 2021 GGH, Suryapet. All the HIV infected children ≤18 years who were on ART, were included in this study. Patients of more than 18 years and on other medications were excluded. Demographic data, socio economic status, vaccination status, height, weight, complete blood analysis, complete urine analysis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, liver and renal function tests and CD4 counts were recorded before initiation of ART.

Results: A total of 330 children of less than 18 years were initiated for ART, at ART centre, Government General Hospital, Suraypet. Out of 330 children, 27.8% (92) children developed ACDRs. 58.7% (54) were males and 41.3% (38) were females. Maculopapular rash was seen in 65.2% (60) cases, urticaria was seen in 15.3% (14) cases, Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS) was seen in 9.8% (9) cases, SJS/TEN overlap was seen in 6.5% (6) cases and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) was seen in 3.2% (3) case. CD4 count was below 300 in 65.3% (60) cases above 300 in 34.7% (32) cases. Gap between initiation of the treatment and onset of reaction was less than one month in 65.3% (60) cases, and more than one month in 34.7% (32) cases.

Introduction: Trichomoniasis remains one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, which is curable. To prevent complications and transmission, prompt and correct diagnosis is essential to treat Trichomonas vaginalis. The present study was done to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with other conventional techniques for the diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection and determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis in women with vaginal discharge based on PCR assay.

Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected by the trained health-care professional using FLOQSwabs™ (Copan, Italy) during routine pelvic examinations among 1974 symptomatic females. The wet microscopy, culture, and PCR were performed.

Results: The sensitivity of wet mount and culture in comparison to PCR was 60.87% and 56.52%, respectively. The kappa inter-rater agreement of T. vaginalis PCR showed substantial agreement with wet mount microscopy (κ = 0.742) and culture (κ = 0.707). The PCR detected an additional 17 cases that were missed by conventional techniques.

Discussion: The study highlights the importance of PCR for T. vaginalis screening among symptomatic females.

Background: Syphilis remains a global health problem with recent reports of resurgence from various parts of the world. We undertook this study to analyze the current epidemiological and clinical trends of syphilis in our part of the country.

Aim and objectives: To analyze the changing trends in clinical presentation of syphilis and the current status of HIV/AIDS-syphilis co-infection in our area.

Materials and methods: This is a hospital-based retrospective analysis of records of sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients enrolled in "Suraksha clinic" in the department of Skin and VD at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. Patient records were analyzed from January 2018 to December 2021. The demographic, clinical, and serological profiles of patients were assessed to study the percentage of syphilis patients attending the STD clinic and their clinical presentations.

Results: A total of 7153 patients were enrolled in the"Suraksha clinic" from January 2018 to December 2021, these included the venereal disease patients (3137) and nonvenereal disease patients (4016) who were registered for HIV and venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) screening from the dermatology outpatient department. Out of 3137 sexually transmitted infection (STI) patients, 139 patients tested positive for VDRL. Treponema pallidum hemagglutination was found positive in 137 patients and negative in two patients. Hence, 137 patients were confirmed syphilis cases, constituting 4.36% of total STD cases in our STI clinic in 4 years. Out of 137 patients, 2 (1.45%) presented with primary chancre, 6 (4.37%) with lesions of secondary syphilis and 129 (94.16%) were found serologically reactive without any symptoms or clinical signs, i.e., in latent syphilis. Our records also showed 14 (10.21%) cases of HIV and syphilis co-infection.

Conclusion: In our study, a remarkable rise in the number of patients in the latent syphilis stage is observed over primary and secondary syphilis stage. This signifies the persistence of syphilis in subclinical phase in the community and unfortunately, it goes unnoticed. These could be "warning signs" for changing disease pattern of syphilis in India and points toward hidden resurgence of syphilis as being reported in various parts of the world. To actively look for these "hidden cases," there is a need to strengthen "Suraksha clinics." VDRL testing should be mandatory along with routine testing in all patients visiting the hospital irrespective of their disease. We also propose for the central registration of syphilis patients on lines of HIV-infected patients' registry.