Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.010
Domingo Rodríguez Benavides, Owen Eli Ceballos Mina
Los análisis de convergencia económica en Colombia han mostrado resultados en distintas direcciones; aportar evidencia para enfocar los esfuerzos de política pública en la reducción de las brechas regionales resulta muy pertinente. Usando como variable de análisis el PIB per cápita de los departamentos y la capital del país en el periodo 2000-2016, este artículo evalúa la hipótesis de convergencia total frente a la presencia de clubes regionales por medio de la prueba de Phillips y Sul (2007). Después de excluir del análisis las principales regiones mineras del país se identifican seis clubes de convergencia departamental y un grupo que diverge. Los resultados sugieren la persistencia de la desigualdad en el conjunto nacional, pero múltiples equilibrios o estados estacionarios por grupos de departamentos.
{"title":"Clubes de convergencia regional en Colombia 2000-2016","authors":"Domingo Rodríguez Benavides, Owen Eli Ceballos Mina","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.010","url":null,"abstract":"Los análisis de convergencia económica en Colombia han mostrado resultados en distintas direcciones; aportar evidencia para enfocar los esfuerzos de política pública en la reducción de las brechas regionales resulta muy pertinente. Usando como variable de análisis el PIB per cápita de los departamentos y la capital del país en el periodo 2000-2016, este artículo evalúa la hipótesis de convergencia total frente a la presencia de clubes regionales por medio de la prueba de Phillips y Sul (2007). Después de excluir del análisis las principales regiones mineras del país se identifican seis clubes de convergencia departamental y un grupo que diverge. Los resultados sugieren la persistencia de la desigualdad en el conjunto nacional, pero múltiples equilibrios o estados estacionarios por grupos de departamentos.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.011
F. Seifert
Economic growth might both increase and decrease income inequality, also at the city level. This paper examines the income-inequality relationship within US metropolitan areas and finds that it changes over time. A higher average income per capita level was associated with a lower inequality level in earlier years, but this association vanished later. For the 1980-2000 panel, increases in the average income per capita are associated with decreases in inequality. In contrast, increases in the average income per capita are associated with increases in inequality in the 2006-2016 panel. The obtained results hint at polarization resulting from technological change substituting middle-skill routine tasks.
{"title":"Income-Inequality Relationship within U.S. Metropolitan Areas 1980—2016","authors":"F. Seifert","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.011","url":null,"abstract":"Economic growth might both increase and decrease income inequality, also at the city level. This paper examines the income-inequality relationship within US metropolitan areas and finds that it changes over time. A higher average income per capita level was associated with a lower inequality level in earlier years, but this association vanished later. For the 1980-2000 panel, increases in the average income per capita are associated with decreases in inequality. In contrast, increases in the average income per capita are associated with increases in inequality in the 2006-2016 panel. The obtained results hint at polarization resulting from technological change substituting middle-skill routine tasks.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42967304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.009
Wojciech Dyba, Eleonora Di Maria, M. Chiarvesio
Industry 4.0, a concept comprising a range of promising innovations enabled by the recent advancements in digital technologies, has become a priority of industrial policy in many European countries and regions. In this paper we present actions undertaken by regional organisations (including the so called Digital Innovation Hubs), fostering adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing companies. Using examples from Germany, Italy and Poland, we show actions that both allow to create general conditions for such implementations, but also help individual companies to create individual strategy for adopting Industry 4.0 innovations.
{"title":"Actions fostering adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing companies in European regions","authors":"Wojciech Dyba, Eleonora Di Maria, M. Chiarvesio","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.009","url":null,"abstract":"Industry 4.0, a concept comprising a range of promising innovations enabled by the recent advancements in digital technologies, has become a priority of industrial policy in many European countries and regions. In this paper we present actions undertaken by regional organisations (including the so called Digital Innovation Hubs), fostering adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing companies. Using examples from Germany, Italy and Poland, we show actions that both allow to create general conditions for such implementations, but also help individual companies to create individual strategy for adopting Industry 4.0 innovations.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70235665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.003
Victor Manuel Bellido-Jiménez, Domingo Martín-Martín, I. Romero
El presente trabajo investiga la existencia de patrones diferenciados de supervivencia de los negocios creados por auto-empleados inmigrantes a partir de una base de datos conformada por el conjunto de los negocios incubados por los servicios de apoyo público desarrollados por la fundación Andalucía Emprende (Consejería de Empleo, Formación y Trabajo Autónomo de la Junta de Andalucía) en el período 2009-14. Los resultados muestran que las probabilidades de supervivencia de los negocios de inmigrantes son menores que las de los promotores nacionales incluso tras controlar por diversas características de los proyectos y rasgos personales de los auto-empleados. Se observa igualmente que el nivel educativo de los promotores aumenta la supervivencia de los negocios, siendo este efecto más importante en el caso de los auto-empleados inmigrantes.
{"title":"Autoempleo en inmigrantes y supervivencia empresarial de los negocios incubados en Andalucía","authors":"Victor Manuel Bellido-Jiménez, Domingo Martín-Martín, I. Romero","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.003","url":null,"abstract":"El presente trabajo investiga la existencia de patrones diferenciados de supervivencia de los negocios creados por auto-empleados inmigrantes a partir de una base de datos conformada por el conjunto de los negocios incubados por los servicios de apoyo público desarrollados por la fundación Andalucía Emprende (Consejería de Empleo, Formación y Trabajo Autónomo de la Junta de Andalucía) en el período 2009-14. Los resultados muestran que las probabilidades de supervivencia de los negocios de inmigrantes son menores que las de los promotores nacionales incluso tras controlar por diversas características de los proyectos y rasgos personales de los auto-empleados. Se observa igualmente que el nivel educativo de los promotores aumenta la supervivencia de los negocios, siendo este efecto más importante en el caso de los auto-empleados inmigrantes.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46203483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.007
Vicente Royuela
En esta nota se resumen los aspectos más destacados del octavo informe sobre la cohesión económica, social y territorial de la Unión Europea, que recientemente ha visto la luz.
本说明概述了最近公布的关于欧洲联盟经济、社会和领土凝聚力的第八次报告的要点。
{"title":"La Cohesión en Europa","authors":"Vicente Royuela","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.007","url":null,"abstract":"En esta nota se resumen los aspectos más destacados del octavo informe sobre la cohesión económica, social y territorial de la Unión Europea, que recientemente ha visto la luz.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42411259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En la mayoría de los países se vienen impulsando medidas con las que reorganizar las estructuras institucionales a través de las que se prestan los servicios públicos. Estas reformas buscan conciliar el aumento de la presión sobre los sistemas de protección con su sostenibilidad, pero también mejorar su eficacia y cercanía a la ciudadanía. Recientemente Gipuzkoa ha promovido la revisión del modelo de gobernanza territorial para mejorar la atención a las personas en situación de exclusión y vulnerabilidad. En este artículo se aproxima cuáles son las principales limitaciones del nuevo modelo de gobernanza comarcal para promocionar la inclusión social, identificando algunos aprendizajes que pueden ser extensibles a otros territorios que lleven a cabo procesos similares. Entre ellos habría que considerar especialmente la necesidad de un claro compromiso y liderazgo público, y la apuesta por figuras profesionales y estructuras de carácter comarcal y/o local que articulen recursos y agentes sociales.
{"title":"Hacia un modelo de gobernanza territorial para un modelo de inclusión desde lo local: la experiencia comarcal de Beterri- Buruntza","authors":"Andoni Zulaika Arriaga, Víctor Sánchez Salmerón, Félix Arrieta Frutos","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.005","url":null,"abstract":"En la mayoría de los países se vienen impulsando medidas con las que reorganizar las estructuras institucionales a través de las que se prestan los servicios públicos. Estas reformas buscan conciliar el aumento de la presión sobre los sistemas de protección con su sostenibilidad, pero también mejorar su eficacia y cercanía a la ciudadanía. Recientemente Gipuzkoa ha promovido la revisión del modelo de gobernanza territorial para mejorar la atención a las personas en situación de exclusión y vulnerabilidad. En este artículo se aproxima cuáles son las principales limitaciones del nuevo modelo de gobernanza comarcal para promocionar la inclusión social, identificando algunos aprendizajes que pueden ser extensibles a otros territorios que lleven a cabo procesos similares. Entre ellos habría que considerar especialmente la necesidad de un claro compromiso y liderazgo público, y la apuesta por figuras profesionales y estructuras de carácter comarcal y/o local que articulen recursos y agentes sociales.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45402470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.006
Osvaldo Meloni
This paper presents evidence of the influence of political competition on the behavior of fiscal policy in Argentine provinces from 1987 to 2015. Contrary to the predominant theory and empirical evidence from subnational districts my estimations of a dynamic panel data show that political competition is associated with increases in public outlays and changes in its composition. This finding is strongly related to the large vertical fiscal imbalances that characterize the Argentine fiscal federalism. I conjecture that governors use the additional low-cost spending power given by federal transfers to feed clientelistic networks, increase public employment and direct subsidies to constituencies, thus enhancing their chances to remain in office.
{"title":"Feeding the Leviathan: political competition and soft budget constraints. Evidence from Argentine subnational districts","authors":"Osvaldo Meloni","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents evidence of the influence of political competition on the behavior of fiscal policy in Argentine provinces from 1987 to 2015. Contrary to the predominant theory and empirical evidence from subnational districts my estimations of a dynamic panel data show that political competition is associated with increases in public outlays and changes in its composition. This finding is strongly related to the large vertical fiscal imbalances that characterize the Argentine fiscal federalism. I conjecture that governors use the additional low-cost spending power given by federal transfers to feed clientelistic networks, increase public employment and direct subsidies to constituencies, thus enhancing their chances to remain in office.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45272599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.004
Grace Carolina Guevara Rosero, Jonathan Rafael Quijia Pillajo, J. Ramírez Alvarez, Oscar Omar Acero Almachi
Since innovation is a productivity driver that leads to economic growth, the case of a developing country, Ecuador, is studied. The aim of this paper is to measure the causal effect of innovation on firms’ productivity by distinguishing the type of innovation, namely, in products, in process, in organization and in marketing. To do so, an endogenous switching model is estimated using the Science, Technology and Innovation Activity Survey. The results indicate that the productivity loss is higher for innovating firms if they stop innovating than the productivity gain of non-innovating firms if they engage in innovation. The difference between the productivity losses and gains depends on the type of innovation.
{"title":"Do the novelty and type of innovation affect the performance of firms? A case study for Ecuador","authors":"Grace Carolina Guevara Rosero, Jonathan Rafael Quijia Pillajo, J. Ramírez Alvarez, Oscar Omar Acero Almachi","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.004","url":null,"abstract":"Since innovation is a productivity driver that leads to economic growth, the case of a developing country, Ecuador, is studied. The aim of this paper is to measure the causal effect of innovation on firms’ productivity by distinguishing the type of innovation, namely, in products, in process, in organization and in marketing. To do so, an endogenous switching model is estimated using the Science, Technology and Innovation Activity Survey. The results indicate that the productivity loss is higher for innovating firms if they stop innovating than the productivity gain of non-innovating firms if they engage in innovation. The difference between the productivity losses and gains depends on the type of innovation.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45193458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.002
Diego Fernando García Vélez, José Javier Núñez Velázquez
La teoría de conjuntos difusos aporta un marco referencial para medir la pobreza multidimensional, reemplaza la dicotomía de pobre o no pobre por la pertenencia gradual al conjunto de los pobres. El objetivo de la investigación es proponer un método alternativo para la medición de la pobreza multidimensional en Ecuador, se propone la construcción de tres índices de pobreza aplicando la teoría de conjuntos difusos y el enfoque de capacidades. Los principales resultados evidencian que las políticas públicas se deben priorizar hacia políticas de vivienda y educación, y que a nivel regional no existe autocorrelación espacial ni clústeres de pobreza multidimensional.
{"title":"Un enfoque alternativo para medir la pobreza multidimensional utilizando conjuntos difusos: análisis espacial para Ecuador","authors":"Diego Fernando García Vélez, José Javier Núñez Velázquez","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.002","url":null,"abstract":"La teoría de conjuntos difusos aporta un marco referencial para medir la pobreza multidimensional, reemplaza la dicotomía de pobre o no pobre por la pertenencia gradual al conjunto de los pobres. El objetivo de la investigación es proponer un método alternativo para la medición de la pobreza multidimensional en Ecuador, se propone la construcción de tres índices de pobreza aplicando la teoría de conjuntos difusos y el enfoque de capacidades. Los principales resultados evidencian que las políticas públicas se deben priorizar hacia políticas de vivienda y educación, y que a nivel regional no existe autocorrelación espacial ni clústeres de pobreza multidimensional.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45825758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies deprivation dynamics at the subnational level, introducing a Local Multidimensional Poverty Index (LMPI), and focusing on multidimensional poverty in Ecuador and Uruguay between the last two available censuses, 1990–2010 and 1996–2011, respectively. As a first step, we construct the LMPI at the municipal level using microdata from both counties. Subsequently, we explore spatial and temporal dynamics through a set of tools such as the salter graph, Moran’s I, Moran scatterplot, and spatial transition matrix. The results indicate that compared to Ecuador, Uruguay was initially in a better position in terms of the LMPI. However, Ecuador achieved a generalized reduction of the LMPI during the period of analysis, reaching levels close to that of Uruguay. Nevertheless, spatial persistence in the LMPI is observed.
{"title":"Dinámica de la pobreza multidimensional subnacional en los países en desarrollo: los casos de Ecuador y Uruguay","authors":"Moisés Obaco, Nicola Pontarollo, Rodrigo Mendieta Muñoz","doi":"10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.22.001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies deprivation dynamics at the subnational level, introducing a Local Multidimensional Poverty Index (LMPI), and focusing on multidimensional poverty in Ecuador and Uruguay between the last two available censuses, 1990–2010 and 1996–2011, respectively. As a first step, we construct the LMPI at the municipal level using microdata from both counties. Subsequently, we explore spatial and temporal dynamics through a set of tools such as the salter graph, Moran’s I, Moran scatterplot, and spatial transition matrix. The results indicate that compared to Ecuador, Uruguay was initially in a better position in terms of the LMPI. However, Ecuador achieved a generalized reduction of the LMPI during the period of analysis, reaching levels close to that of Uruguay. Nevertheless, spatial persistence in the LMPI is observed.","PeriodicalId":44893,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42336458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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