Sport in History最新文献

英文中文

Cornish wrestling in the nineteenth century 19世纪的康沃尔摔跤

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2022.2101022

Michael Tripp

ABSTRACT During the first half of the nineteenth century the Cornish economy was thriving, dominated by the metal mining industry. When the economy was thriving Cornish wrestling was at the height of its popularity when a large number of wrestlers entered numerous tournaments for lucrative prizes and witnessed by large crowds. It was also the time when the sport flourished in London. The leading wrestler during this period was Tom Gundry, who in a relatively short career won many of the tournaments in Cornwall, Devon and London and consequently was able to amass a significant sum in prize money. Despite his prominence he occasionally resorted to match-fixing or ‘faggoting’ with his opponents. During the second half of the nineteenth century, however, there was a collapse of the economy which had a deleterious effect upon Cornish wrestling with decreases in numbers of wrestlers, tournaments, prize money and spectators. The sport also disappeared from London. The common thread running throughout the nineteenth century is a ‘persistence of difference’. Cornwall’s historical experience was different from the rest of Britain and that difference has persisted over time and has led to a unique identity. Cornish wrestling contributed to the construction of that identity.

摘要在19世纪上半叶，康沃尔经济蓬勃发展，以金属采矿业为主。当经济繁荣时，康沃尔摔跤正处于最受欢迎的时期，当时大量摔跤手参加了许多比赛，以获得丰厚的奖金，并在大批观众的见证下观看。这也是这项运动在伦敦蓬勃发展的时期。这一时期领先的摔跤手是Tom Gundry，他在相对较短的职业生涯中赢得了康沃尔郡、德文郡和伦敦的许多比赛，因此积累了大量奖金。尽管他很突出，但他偶尔也会和对手打假球或“基佬”。然而，在19世纪下半叶，经济崩溃对康沃尔摔跤产生了有害影响，摔跤手、锦标赛、奖金和观众人数减少。这项运动也从伦敦消失了。贯穿整个十九世纪的共同主线是“差异的持久性”。康沃尔郡的历史经历与英国其他地区不同，这种差异随着时间的推移一直存在，并导致了一种独特的身份。康沃尔摔跤为这种身份的构建做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Public history and the British Society of Sports History: opportunities and challenges 公共历史与英国体育史学会:机遇与挑战

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2022.2103176

K. Taylor, Fiona Skillen, Margaret Roberts

ABSTRACT This article explores the importance of sports history societies sharing their research with a broader audience. It draws on our own experiences and highlights examples of the work done by other British Society of Sports History members to disseminate their research through ‘traditional’ methods such as films, radio, and exhibitions and digital means, for example, Playing Pasts. However, the paper's aim is not simply self-congratulatory; it also focuses on the need to broadcast sports history to a younger audience, including those studying in further education. In considering how to ensure the survival of sports history as a subject, we, as members of sports history societies, need to engage the next generation of sports historians. This article considers the importance of doing so and the difficulties of this. With universities under increasing pressure and history departments facing significant cuts, ensuring the relevance and importance of our subject has never been more critical. This article makes some suggestions of how to do this and challenges sports history societies to reflect on what else they could do.

本文探讨了体育历史学会与更广泛的受众分享他们的研究的重要性。它借鉴了我们自己的经验，并突出了其他英国体育历史学会成员所做的工作，通过电影、广播、展览等“传统”方法和数字手段(例如，播放过去)传播他们的研究。然而，这篇论文的目的并不仅仅是自我祝贺;它还关注向更年轻的观众(包括那些正在接受继续教育的人)播放体育史的必要性。在考虑如何确保体育历史作为一门学科的生存时，我们作为体育历史学会的成员，需要让下一代体育历史学家参与进来。本文认为这样做的重要性和困难。随着大学面临越来越大的压力，历史系面临大幅削减，确保我们学科的相关性和重要性从未像现在这样重要。本文对如何做到这一点提出了一些建议，并要求体育史学会反思他们还可以做些什么。

引用次数: 1

MRV hosts the queen: family history, memory and hockey’s proud heritage MRV主办女王：家族历史、记忆和曲棍球引以为傲的传统

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2022.2098371

Jean Williams, David Lewis-Earley, Kay Biscomb, Katie Dodd

ABSTRACT Mary Russell Vick OBE (1922–2012) first came to fame as a prolific goalscorer for the England women's hockey team after selection in 1947, and later an indomitable sports leader. Methodologically, this article incorporates oral history sources from her daughters Christabel, Susan and Rosemary, combined with written sources left by Mary Russell Vick (MRV) at Bath University and at The Hockey Museum (THM) Woking. These mixed sources provide family insights into her life as a well-travelled pioneer administrator and family-oriented careerist. After World War Two MRV was a significant figure in the evolution of women's hockey, not least due to her initiation of annual internationals at Wembley, which ran from 1951 until 1991. One of Russell Vick's proudest moments was hosting the Queen at the 1981 Wembley international. As President of the AEWHA for ten years MRV guided women's hockey during a period of rapidly evolving change away from its amateur roots. At the same time, she served on the inaugural Olympic Hockey Board, having persuaded the home countries to form the Great Britain and Ireland Committee in 1977 to send teams to future Olympic Games. This article will show how Mary's life, career, and leadership in hockey were groundbreaking.

摘要玛丽·拉塞尔·维克OBE（1922–2012）于1947年入选英格兰女子曲棍球队，最初是一名多产的射手，后来成为一名不屈不挠的体育领袖。从方法上讲，这篇文章结合了她的女儿克里斯塔贝尔、苏珊和罗斯玛丽的口述历史资料，以及玛丽·拉塞尔·维克（MRV）在巴斯大学和冰球博物馆（THM）沃金留下的书面资料。这些混杂的来源为她作为一名游历广泛的先锋管理者和以家庭为导向的野心家的生活提供了家庭见解。第二次世界大战后，MRV是女子曲棍球发展中的一个重要人物，尤其是因为她在温布利举办了从1951年到1991年的年度国际比赛。拉塞尔·维克最自豪的时刻之一是在1981年的温布利国际比赛中接待女王。作为AEWHA十年的主席，MRV在一段远离业余根源的快速变化时期指导女子曲棍球。与此同时，她在首届奥运会曲棍球委员会任职，曾于1977年说服母国成立大不列颠及爱尔兰委员会，派遣代表队参加未来的奥运会。这篇文章将展示玛丽在曲棍球方面的生活、职业生涯和领导力是如何具有开创性的。

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引用次数: 0

‘The enemy within': football hooliganism and the Miners' Strike “内部的敌人”:足球流氓和矿工罢工

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2022.2091654

Thomas Campbell

ABSTRACT During the 1980s Margaret Thatcher’s government attempted to reduce the economic power of the industrial working class by legislating against the trade unions and defeating the 1984–85 Miners’ Strike, which saw her brand the miners as the ‘enemy within’. At the time English football was an important part of male working-class culture, particularly for northern industrial workers and was coming under attack from the Government and press over football hooliganism. It has often been argued that Thatcher’s trade union policies were designed to break the economic power of the industrial working class. If, through comparison, a link between this policy and the treatment of football supporters is found it will determine whether this conflict had a cultural aspect. Scholars have anecdotally made this link previously, but there has not been sufficient analysis of the comparison. This treatment will not analyse any actual links between the trade union movement and football supporters, but will focus on the Government and press treatment of football and trade unions and assess whether the Government was seeking to bind the two issues together.

在20世纪80年代，玛格丽特·撒切尔政府试图通过立法反对工会来削弱产业工人阶级的经济力量，并击败了1984-85年的矿工罢工，她将矿工称为“内部敌人”。当时，英国足球是男性工人阶级文化的重要组成部分，特别是对北方工业工人来说，足球受到政府和媒体对足球流氓的攻击。人们常常认为，撒切尔夫人的工会政策旨在削弱工业工人阶级的经济实力。如果通过比较，发现这一政策和球迷待遇之间的联系，这将决定这一冲突是否有文化方面的原因。以前有学者提出过这种联系，但没有对这种比较进行充分的分析。这篇文章将不分析工会运动和足球支持者之间的任何实际联系，但将侧重于政府和新闻界对足球和工会的处理，并评估政府是否试图将这两个问题结合在一起。

引用次数: 0

Bannister in parliament: sport, synecdoche, and national identity 班尼斯特在议会:体育、提喻和国家认同

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2022.2092201

Mike Milford, Taylor J. Hendrickson

ABSTRACT In 1954, Parliament was divided over Roger Bannister’s appearance on an American television programme and how it would portray the nation to the world. This moment, and others like it across the decades, show Bannister to be a significant figure in the collective British identity, and as such, one in need of careful examination. The following work examines statements from both Houses positioning Bannister as synecdoche, a rhetorical device in which a single instance or representative is used as archetype of the larger whole. Findings from this examination revealed two themes: first, Bannister’s newfound glory reflected the best of Britain, and second because of the first, his status, and by proxy Britain’s status, should be carefully managed. These findings demonstrate the ways in which Parliament used Bannister to idealise, shape, and manage British identity. To conclude, we consider how athletes like Bannister may serve such purposes.

1954年，英国议会就罗杰•班尼斯特(Roger Bannister)在美国电视节目中的亮相，以及他将如何向世界展示英国的形象产生了分歧。这一刻，以及几十年来其他类似的时刻，表明班尼斯特是英国集体认同中的一个重要人物，因此，他需要仔细审视。下面的工作检查了两院的声明，将班尼斯特定位为提喻，这是一种修辞手段，其中单个实例或代表被用作更大整体的原型。这次调查的结果揭示了两个主题:第一，班尼斯特新获得的荣誉反映了英国最好的一面;第二，因为第一点，他的地位，以及英国的地位，应该小心管理。这些发现证明了议会利用班尼斯特理想化、塑造和管理英国身份的方式。最后，我们考虑像班尼斯特这样的运动员是如何达到这样的目的的。

引用次数: 0

Introduction: racism, protest, and the antecedents of the Black Lives Matter movement in the world of sports 引言：种族主义、抗议和体育界“黑人的命也是命”运动的前身

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2022.2106296

A. Burns

Ever since the untimely death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin just over a decade ago in Sanford, Florida, the sporting world has been at the forefront of calls for racial justice and a focal point for a number of high-profile athlete-led protests. Many of these protests have formed part of the wider Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement that erupted in the aftermath of the controversial investigation into Martin’s death, which saw Martin’s shooter, George Zimmerman, acquitted in July 2013 and sparked widespread uproar across the United States. Though BLM is by far the largest activist response to these events (and the wider problems of racial injustice in the US), as the co-editors of a recent special issue of Sport and Society noted, athlete activism in response to Martin’s death predated the formation of BLM, with major sporting stars such as LeBron James of the National Basketball Association (NBA) taking to social media to demand justice within weeks of the fatal shooting. Perhaps the most influential and imitated protest of this period came when National Football League (NFL) player, Colin Kaepernick, ‘took a knee’ during the US national anthem in 2016 in an overt display of his dissatisfaction at the state of racial (in)justice in the United States. This form of protest was later replicated not just by Kaepernick’s teammates and other US teams across various sports, but internationally. Indeed, the murder of George Floyd in 2020 saw widespread renewal of ‘taking a knee’ against racial injustice in competitions that often had no US involvement at all, such as the Union of European Football Associations’ (UEFA) Euro 2020 soccer tournament. Yet, as BLM and the sporting world’s related protests grew in both scale and controversy, supporters and detractors inevitably began to draw links between these modern manifestations of sporting activism and historical precedents. In 2017, Bernice King, the daughter of Dr Martin Luther King, Jr., tweeted two spliced images that made the historical resonance of Kaepernick’s

自十多年前17岁的特雷冯·马丁在佛罗里达州桑福德英年早逝以来，体育界一直站在种族正义呼声的最前沿，也是一些备受瞩目的运动员领导的抗议活动的焦点。这些抗议活动中的许多都是更广泛的黑人生命攸关运动的一部分，该运动是在对马丁之死进行有争议的调查后爆发的。2013年7月，马丁的枪手乔治·齐默尔曼被判无罪，并在美国引发了广泛的骚动。尽管土地管理局是迄今为止对这些事件（以及美国更广泛的种族不公正问题）做出的最大的积极回应，正如《体育与社会》最近一期特刊的联合编辑所指出的那样，运动员对马丁之死的积极回应早于土地管理局的成立，美国国家篮球协会（NBA）的勒布朗·詹姆斯（LeBron James）等主要体育明星在致命枪击案发生后的几周内在社交媒体上要求伸张正义。也许这一时期最具影响力和模仿性的抗议活动发生在2016年美国国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）球员科林·卡佩尔尼克（Colin Kaepernick）在美国国歌中“下跪”，公开表达了他对美国种族正义状况的不满。这种形式的抗议后来不仅被卡佩尼克的队友和其他美国队在各种体育项目中复制，而且在国际上也被复制。事实上，在2020年乔治·弗洛伊德被谋杀的事件中，人们普遍重新对美国根本没有参与的比赛中的种族不公正现象“下跪”，比如欧洲足球协会联盟（UEFA）的2020年欧洲杯足球赛。然而，随着土地管理局和体育界相关抗议活动的规模和争议不断扩大，支持者和批评者不可避免地开始将这些体育激进主义的现代表现与历史先例联系起来。2017年，马丁·路德·金博士的女儿伯尼斯·金在推特上发布了两张拼接的照片，引起了卡佩尼克的历史共鸣

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引用次数: 0

Australian cricket, race, and First Nations Australians: the past and present 澳大利亚板球、种族和原住民澳大利亚人：过去和现在

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2022.2100459

Chelsea Litchfield, Jaquelyn Osborne, Tracey Gale

ABSTRACT Games and sport during the colonial period in Australia were rarely hospitable to First Nations people. However, the first Australian cricket team to tour England in 1868 were predominantly First Nations men. While such a tour might appear to be a ‘triumph' for race relations in Australia, the details of the tour and treatment of the young men were haunting. The 1868 tour has been glorified in contemporary cricket circles, however, despite this, the promotion of the game to First Nations Australians is relatively recent. Over the last decade, Australian cricket has attempted to combat racism and promote First Nations player development through initiatives such as their Reconciliation Action Plan. One example of promoting the Black Lives Matter message and anti-racism has been carried out by Australia's national women's cricket team and the women's national T20 competition. In 2020, the Australian women cricketers made a conscious decision to promote the Black Lives Matter movement by engaging in a ‘barefoot circle' to acknowledge country before each match. This manuscript will explore the importance of the Australian women cricketers' actions and advocacy against the backdrop of Australia’s history and interactions with First Nations Australians in cricket.

澳大利亚殖民时期的运动会和体育运动对原住民来说很少是友好的。然而，1868年第一支前往英国的澳大利亚板球队主要由原住民组成。虽然这样的旅行似乎是澳大利亚种族关系的“胜利”，但旅行的细节和年轻人的待遇令人难以忘怀。1868年的巡回赛在当代板球界备受赞誉，然而，尽管如此，这项运动在澳大利亚原住民中的推广相对较晚。在过去的十年里，澳大利亚板球一直试图通过他们的和解行动计划等举措来打击种族主义，促进原住民球员的发展。澳大利亚国家女子板球队和国家女子T20比赛就是推广“黑人的命也是命”信息和反种族主义的一个例子。2020年，澳大利亚女子板球运动员做出了一个有意识的决定，通过在每场比赛前进行“赤脚圈”来承认国家，以促进“黑人的命也重要”运动。这份手稿将探讨澳大利亚女子板球运动员的行动和倡导在澳大利亚历史背景下的重要性，以及与澳大利亚板球第一民族的互动。

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引用次数: 0

Sports Illustrated tackles drugs in sports: examining the influence of a seminal magazine series 《体育画报》处理体育运动中的药物:检查一个开创性的杂志系列的影响

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2022.2083219

Bryan E. Denham

ABSTRACT In 1969, author Bil Gilbert wrote a three-part series on performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) for Sports Illustrated. Garry Valk, publisher of the magazine, characterised the series as ‘the first comprehensive and authoritative study of a vastly complicated problem.’ This study examined the influence of the Gilbert series on newspaper coverage of PEDs and the reactions of policymakers to both the magazine investigation and subsequent newspaper reporting. Coverage of amphetamines and anabolic steroids increased significantly in the three years following the series, while references to anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers decreased. These patterns reflected an apparent shift from restorative aids to additive substances following the magazine investigation. Additionally, one in three sources cited in Sports Illustrated served as a news source in subsequent press coverage, and some of those sources then testified at government hearings held at the state and national levels. Government hearings on PEDs appeared to function more symbolically than substantively, as did anti-drug campaigns and resolutions in sporting organisations. The study considers implications for sport history and the regulation of performance-enhancing drugs.

摘要1969年，作家比尔•吉尔伯特为《体育画报》撰写了一个由三部分组成的关于兴奋剂的系列文章。该杂志的出版商Garry Valk将该系列描述为“对一个极其复杂的问题进行的第一次全面而权威的研究”本研究考察了吉尔伯特系列对PED报纸报道的影响，以及政策制定者对杂志调查和随后报纸报道的反应。在该系列之后的三年里，苯丙胺和合成代谢类固醇的覆盖率显著增加，而抗炎药和止痛药的使用率下降。这些模式反映了在杂志调查之后，从恢复性助剂到添加剂的明显转变。此外，《体育画报》引用的三分之一的消息来源在随后的新闻报道中充当了新闻来源，其中一些消息来源随后在州和国家层面举行的政府听证会上作证。政府关于PED的听证会似乎更多的是象征性的，而不是实质性的，体育组织的禁毒运动和决议也是如此。这项研究考虑了对运动史和提高成绩药物的监管的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The Attitude of Turkish Physicians Toward COVID-19 Vaccination and the Effects of Vaccination on Their Mental Health. 土耳其医生对接种 COVID-19 疫苗的态度以及接种疫苗对其心理健康的影响。

IF 0.7 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2022.21287

Barış Sancak, Cenk Kılıç, Ürün Özer Ağırbaş

Background: The study aims to investigate the willingness of physicians for the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, factors contributing to their attitude, and the effects of vaccination on their mental health. It is conducted online with physicians between February 17 and March 17, 2021, corresponding to a period of at least 1 month after the first dosage.

Methods: Sociodemographic and professional characteristics are investigated along with coronavirus disease 2019 experiences. The Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale, Attitudes Toward the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale are given to evaluate the effects on mental health.

Results: Among 578 participants, the total vaccination rate was 91.5% and the main reason for non-vaccination is being already infected by coronavirus disease 2019. Vaccination affected mental health positively in more than half of the participants (59.2% in the vaccinated group). Advanced age (odds ratio = 0.985, P < .05), positive attitude toward vaccination (odds ratio = 0.918, P < .001), and high fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (odds ratio = 0.937, P = .001) were among the predictors of being positively affected by the vaccination. Fear of coronavirus disease 2019 was positively correlated with hopelessness (r = .239, P < .001), depression (r = 0.387, P < .001), and anxiety (r = 0.531, P < .001). The negative thoughts about the vaccination were found to be correlated with hopelessness levels (r = -0.093, P < .05).

Conclusions: Physicians have positive attitudes toward vaccination and vaccination has positive effects on their mental health. As vaccination is a key point during the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, studies on vaccination and its effects on mental health gained importance. The role of physicians in this regard is inevitable.

背景：本研究旨在调查医生对2019年冠状病毒病疫苗接种的意愿、导致其态度的因素以及接种疫苗对其心理健康的影响。研究在 2021 年 2 月 17 日至 3 月 17 日期间，即首次接种后至少 1 个月内，对医生进行在线调查：方法：调查社会人口学和职业特征以及 2019 年冠状病毒疾病的经历。对2019年冠状病毒病的恐惧量表、对2019年冠状病毒病疫苗的态度、医院焦虑和抑郁量表以及贝克无望量表进行测试，以评估对心理健康的影响：结果：在 578 名参与者中，总接种率为 91.5%，未接种的主要原因是已感染 2019 年冠状病毒病。接种疫苗对半数以上参与者的心理健康产生了积极影响（接种组为 59.2%）。高龄（几率比 = 0.985，P < .05）、对接种疫苗的积极态度（几率比 = 0.918，P < .001）和对 2019 年冠状病毒疾病的高度恐惧（几率比 = 0.937，P = .001）是受接种疫苗积极影响的预测因素。对 2019 年冠状病毒疾病的恐惧与绝望（r = 0.239，P < 0.001）、抑郁（r = 0.387，P < 0.001）和焦虑（r = 0.531，P < 0.001）呈正相关。对疫苗接种的消极想法与绝望程度相关（r = -0.093，P < .05）：结论：医生对接种疫苗持积极态度，接种疫苗对他们的心理健康有积极影响。由于疫苗接种是抗击 2019 年冠状病毒疾病大流行的关键点，因此有关疫苗接种及其对心理健康影响的研究就显得尤为重要。医生在这方面的作用不可避免。

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引用次数: 0

Flashpoint: how a little-known sporting event fuelled America’s anti-apartheid movement; Pitch battles: sport, racism and resistance, by Peter Hain and Andre Odendaal 导火索:一项鲜为人知的体育赛事如何推动了美国的反种族隔离运动;彼得·海恩和安德烈·奥登达尔著

IF 0.8 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Sport in History

Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2022.2073026

Malcolm MacLean

Published in Sport in History (Vol. 42, No. 3, 2022)

发表于《历史上的体育》(2022年第42卷第3期)

引用次数: 0

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