Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit87.2023.02
Jaddiel Díaz Frene
. Objective/Context: This article aims to demonstrate how, despite the high prices of talking machines for the pockets of the Mexican working classes, these sectors used various practices and mechanisms to enter the world of recorded sounds. This story develops in a specific context of the social uses of talking machines in Mexico, marked by the interest of several American companies in the country’s sound ❧ Este artículo se deriva del proyecto “Fonógrafos
{"title":"“¿Cuánto por una máquina parlante?”: estrategias cotidianas para acceder al mágico mundo de los sonidos grabados (México, 1903-1910)","authors":"Jaddiel Díaz Frene","doi":"10.7440/histcrit87.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit87.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":". Objective/Context: This article aims to demonstrate how, despite the high prices of talking machines for the pockets of the Mexican working classes, these sectors used various practices and mechanisms to enter the world of recorded sounds. This story develops in a specific context of the social uses of talking machines in Mexico, marked by the interest of several American companies in the country’s sound ❧ Este artículo se deriva del proyecto “Fonógrafos","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48630102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit87.2023.04
Aldo Marchesi
Conclusiones: Los debates de
结论:讨论
{"title":"De artículos de primera necesidad a necesidades básicas insatisfechas. Una mirada al proyecto de bienestar en el siglo xx uruguayo a través del debate sobre el costo de vida","authors":"Aldo Marchesi","doi":"10.7440/histcrit87.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit87.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"Conclusiones: Los debates de","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46215409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit87.2023.01
Eduardo Elena
{"title":"Precios y valores: nuevas miradas sobre el problema del costo de vida en América Latina durante el siglo xx","authors":"Eduardo Elena","doi":"10.7440/histcrit87.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit87.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41932783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit87.2023.03
Joshua Frens-string
. Objective/Context: This article reconstructs the struggle that consumers and the state waged to contain inflation and consumer scarcity in mid-twentieth-century Chile. Methodology: Drawing on records from Chile’s Ministry of Economy and print media, it first assesses how in the 1930s, mobilized consumers and Chile’s national price control office worked together to create an expectation that a strong interventionist state could prevent inflation and shortages by monitoring and regulating the speculative behavior of private merchants. Then, by examining the writings of leading economic thinkers of the postwar era, it details how the state’s understanding of rising prices and scarcity increasingly turned to structural matters of economic production and distribution, particularly in Chile’s rural economy. Originality: While most scholarship on inflation and scarcity in twentieth-century Latin America tends to either focus on the intellectual debate surrounding shortages and price volatility or on the grassroots political experience with these problems, I show how interactions between consumers and the state created a paradox. On the one hand, consumers came to expect that the state had an immediate duty and capacity to minimize short-term economic hardship. But on the other hand, by continuing to identify inflation and scarcity as problems driven by individual acts, many consumers, including some of the political left, lost faith in the state’s long-term planning capacity. Conclusions: The article concludes by showing how in the early 1970s, during a period of heightened class conflict, the state’s embrace of a longer-term, structural approach to inflation and scarcity drove a wedge between Salvador Allende’s Unidad Popular (up) government and its political base.
{"title":"Monitor, Produce, Distribute: Chile’s Battle Against Inflation and Scarcity, 1932-1973","authors":"Joshua Frens-string","doi":"10.7440/histcrit87.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit87.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":". Objective/Context: This article reconstructs the struggle that consumers and the state waged to contain inflation and consumer scarcity in mid-twentieth-century Chile. Methodology: Drawing on records from Chile’s Ministry of Economy and print media, it first assesses how in the 1930s, mobilized consumers and Chile’s national price control office worked together to create an expectation that a strong interventionist state could prevent inflation and shortages by monitoring and regulating the speculative behavior of private merchants. Then, by examining the writings of leading economic thinkers of the postwar era, it details how the state’s understanding of rising prices and scarcity increasingly turned to structural matters of economic production and distribution, particularly in Chile’s rural economy. Originality: While most scholarship on inflation and scarcity in twentieth-century Latin America tends to either focus on the intellectual debate surrounding shortages and price volatility or on the grassroots political experience with these problems, I show how interactions between consumers and the state created a paradox. On the one hand, consumers came to expect that the state had an immediate duty and capacity to minimize short-term economic hardship. But on the other hand, by continuing to identify inflation and scarcity as problems driven by individual acts, many consumers, including some of the political left, lost faith in the state’s long-term planning capacity. Conclusions: The article concludes by showing how in the early 1970s, during a period of heightened class conflict, the state’s embrace of a longer-term, structural approach to inflation and scarcity drove a wedge between Salvador Allende’s Unidad Popular (up) government and its political base.","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44519117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit87.2023.05
Joel Vargas Domínguez
. Objective/Context: This article follows some of the debates around the creation of the minimum wage mandate in Mexico during the 1930s. I focus on how different actors used science to justify their demands, especially the need to use physiological and nutritional information to know the population’s requirements. As a result, the heterogeneous way to fix the wages at the local (municipal) level changed with the proclamation of a federal mandate in the 1930s, using the most recent cost of living surveys, which included the nutritional requirements for the workers. Methodology : Following the methods used by the history of science, this article gives a panoramic view of the problems that existed before the federal minimum wage mandate and concerning the use of science as a legitimizing tool of the post-revolutionary state . Originality : This article makes a brief historical reconstruction of the minimum wage in the 1930s, and its federalization, which is absent from historiography, and proposes to articulate the history of science and its influence on economic and social accounts. Conclusions : This article shows how political and social projects—like the definition of a minimum wage—depended on science to obtain authority and, in turn, how these social projects provided inputs for the construction of specialized scientific lines of research.
{"title":"The construction of the minimum wage and nutrition in Mexico in the early 20th century","authors":"Joel Vargas Domínguez","doi":"10.7440/histcrit87.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit87.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":". Objective/Context: This article follows some of the debates around the creation of the minimum wage mandate in Mexico during the 1930s. I focus on how different actors used science to justify their demands, especially the need to use physiological and nutritional information to know the population’s requirements. As a result, the heterogeneous way to fix the wages at the local (municipal) level changed with the proclamation of a federal mandate in the 1930s, using the most recent cost of living surveys, which included the nutritional requirements for the workers. Methodology : Following the methods used by the history of science, this article gives a panoramic view of the problems that existed before the federal minimum wage mandate and concerning the use of science as a legitimizing tool of the post-revolutionary state . Originality : This article makes a brief historical reconstruction of the minimum wage in the 1930s, and its federalization, which is absent from historiography, and proposes to articulate the history of science and its influence on economic and social accounts. Conclusions : This article shows how political and social projects—like the definition of a minimum wage—depended on science to obtain authority and, in turn, how these social projects provided inputs for the construction of specialized scientific lines of research.","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45644278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit87.2023.07
Andrés Caro Peralta
. Objective/Context: The article proposes an analysis of the political trajectory and editorial activity of the Colombian socialist Juan de Dios Romero from 1920 to 1934. It shows how Romero contributed to the redefinition of the local left-wing political culture by producing and publishing a variety of printed matter that positioned the socialist ideology among broader sectors and oriented a common political framework for its action. Methodology: Based on a detailed review of Romero’s private archive and a set of press sources, his itinerary and his work in publishing activities are reconstructed. The approach to the sources analyses their materiality and the role played by
{"title":"Juan de Dios Romero y las prácticas editoriales del socialismo colombiano (1920-1934)","authors":"Andrés Caro Peralta","doi":"10.7440/histcrit87.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit87.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":". Objective/Context: The article proposes an analysis of the political trajectory and editorial activity of the Colombian socialist Juan de Dios Romero from 1920 to 1934. It shows how Romero contributed to the redefinition of the local left-wing political culture by producing and publishing a variety of printed matter that positioned the socialist ideology among broader sectors and oriented a common political framework for its action. Methodology: Based on a detailed review of Romero’s private archive and a set of press sources, his itinerary and his work in publishing activities are reconstructed. The approach to the sources analyses their materiality and the role played by","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46179532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit87.2023.06
María de las Nieves Agesta
. Objective/Context : Created in 1908 in Buenos Aires, the National Association of Libraries ( Asociación Nacional de Bibliotecas , anb) gathered part of the local intellectuality concerned with reformism to form a federation of Argentine libraries that would act as a mediator between these institutions and the public authorities. This article examines the rise and the first years of existence of
目标/背景：1908年在布宜诺斯艾利斯成立的国家图书馆协会（Asociación Nacional de Bibliotecas，anb）汇集了当地与改革主义有关的部分智慧，成立了一个阿根廷图书馆联合会，作为这些机构与公共当局之间的调解人。这篇文章考察了
{"title":"Delegados del Saber: la Asociación Nacional de Bibliotecas y las políticas bibliotecarias en Argentina (1908-1913)","authors":"María de las Nieves Agesta","doi":"10.7440/histcrit87.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit87.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":". Objective/Context : Created in 1908 in Buenos Aires, the National Association of Libraries ( Asociación Nacional de Bibliotecas , anb) gathered part of the local intellectuality concerned with reformism to form a federation of Argentine libraries that would act as a mediator between these institutions and the public authorities. This article examines the rise and the first years of existence of","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45688242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit86.2022.04
Laura Bunt-MacRury
. Objective/context: In the early twentieth century, Peru rejected legal pluralism and, once again, selected a highly European-inflected penal code, undergirded by the prevailing tenets of legal positivism. In doing so, criminal courts became a particularly contested site, where indigenous and mestizas (mixed-race) women shaped and negotiated racial sentiments constructed around their sexuality. In also shaping the meaning of the law itself, I contend that virginity—or lack thereof—patterned legal positivism in Peru. I first detail the historical impact of legal positivism on Peru’s judiciary. I then showcase women’s courtroom narratives (alongside other juridical testimonies) that reveal their struggle for political inclusion. Methodology: This article is built from an analysis of primary and original archival data and is the synthesis of 55 cases of alleged sexual transgressions occurring in the region of Cuzco from 1924 to 1949. Originality: This paper is significant because it is one of only a few that examine the history of legal positivism and rape prosecution in the early twentieth century by incorporating primary archival data to show how women were protagonists in shaping Peru’s unique legal, political and cultural history. Conclusions: Expanding the arguments of imminent Andean scholars of postcolonialism, I argue that the ‘coloniality of law’ in Peru is illuminated by the collusion of legal positivism and fin de siècle racial ideologies that created a new subjectivity for women. In addition to refashioning repressive honor codes (literally embodied in ideas about morality and chastity), the new penal code also broadened a gap where indigenous and mestizo women argued their juridical humanity in criminal courts.
{"title":"The Coloniality of Law in Peru:Legal Positivism, Rape & Racialized Morality in Early Twentieth-Century Courts","authors":"Laura Bunt-MacRury","doi":"10.7440/histcrit86.2022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit86.2022.04","url":null,"abstract":". Objective/context: In the early twentieth century, Peru rejected legal pluralism and, once again, selected a highly European-inflected penal code, undergirded by the prevailing tenets of legal positivism. In doing so, criminal courts became a particularly contested site, where indigenous and mestizas (mixed-race) women shaped and negotiated racial sentiments constructed around their sexuality. In also shaping the meaning of the law itself, I contend that virginity—or lack thereof—patterned legal positivism in Peru. I first detail the historical impact of legal positivism on Peru’s judiciary. I then showcase women’s courtroom narratives (alongside other juridical testimonies) that reveal their struggle for political inclusion. Methodology: This article is built from an analysis of primary and original archival data and is the synthesis of 55 cases of alleged sexual transgressions occurring in the region of Cuzco from 1924 to 1949. Originality: This paper is significant because it is one of only a few that examine the history of legal positivism and rape prosecution in the early twentieth century by incorporating primary archival data to show how women were protagonists in shaping Peru’s unique legal, political and cultural history. Conclusions: Expanding the arguments of imminent Andean scholars of postcolonialism, I argue that the ‘coloniality of law’ in Peru is illuminated by the collusion of legal positivism and fin de siècle racial ideologies that created a new subjectivity for women. In addition to refashioning repressive honor codes (literally embodied in ideas about morality and chastity), the new penal code also broadened a gap where indigenous and mestizo women argued their juridical humanity in criminal courts.","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49499425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit86.2022.05
Jorge Pavez Ojeda
. Objective/Context: To propose an analytical reading of histories about the political-sexual violence unleashed in torture centers of the secret police (National Intelligence Directorate - dina) during the dictatorship in Chile (especially the period 1974-1976). The analysis unveils the psychosocial mechanisms of sadism that characterized the protagonists of this sexual violence. Methodology: The research is based on the monitoring and discursive analysis of “false” testimonies offered by some known torturers (Osvaldo ❧ La investigación para este trabajo fue realizada en el marco de un posdoctorado realizado en el Departamento de Historia de la Universidade de São Paulo, gracias a una Beca ANID-Chile para estudios de posdoctorado en el extranjero (2017-2018). La redacción final del artículo
。目标/背景:对智利独裁统治期间(特别是1974-1976年期间)秘密警察(国家情报局)酷刑中心释放的政治性暴力的历史进行分析分析。分析揭示了这种性暴力的主角所特有的虐待行为的心理社会机制。方法:The research is based on The monitoring and discursive analysis of设置为“false”testimonies offered by some torturers的成熟度(Osvaldo❧之下进行的研究为这个工作是posdoctorado进行大学历史学系,购买了São Paulo ANID-Chile海外posdoctorado研究奖学金(2017-2018)。文章的最终措辞
{"title":"El violador es la verdad del grupo: sicopolítica de la violencia sexual en los centros de tortura (Chile, 1974-1976)","authors":"Jorge Pavez Ojeda","doi":"10.7440/histcrit86.2022.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit86.2022.05","url":null,"abstract":". Objective/Context: To propose an analytical reading of histories about the political-sexual violence unleashed in torture centers of the secret police (National Intelligence Directorate - dina) during the dictatorship in Chile (especially the period 1974-1976). The analysis unveils the psychosocial mechanisms of sadism that characterized the protagonists of this sexual violence. Methodology: The research is based on the monitoring and discursive analysis of “false” testimonies offered by some known torturers (Osvaldo ❧ La investigación para este trabajo fue realizada en el marco de un posdoctorado realizado en el Departamento de Historia de la Universidade de São Paulo, gracias a una Beca ANID-Chile para estudios de posdoctorado en el extranjero (2017-2018). La redacción final del artículo","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42667604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.7440/histcrit86.2022.02
Izaskun Álvarez Cuartero
. Objective/Context: Sexual violence in Latin America is a topic that national historiographies have addressed with increased intensity since the late twentieth century. This article focuses on the study of sexual crimes (statutory rape, kidnapping, rape, among others) based on the lawsuits filed in Yucatan by the victims or their families in the post-independence period, between 1830 and 1875. The documentation shows that sexual violence had a high incidence in the rural population and affected Mayan girls and women to a greater extent
{"title":"Violencia sexual en Yucatán, 1830-1875","authors":"Izaskun Álvarez Cuartero","doi":"10.7440/histcrit86.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit86.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":". Objective/Context: Sexual violence in Latin America is a topic that national historiographies have addressed with increased intensity since the late twentieth century. This article focuses on the study of sexual crimes (statutory rape, kidnapping, rape, among others) based on the lawsuits filed in Yucatan by the victims or their families in the post-independence period, between 1830 and 1875. The documentation shows that sexual violence had a high incidence in the rural population and affected Mayan girls and women to a greater extent","PeriodicalId":45016,"journal":{"name":"Historia Critica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42248975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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