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Development of a Pediatric PICC Team Under an Existing Sedation Service: A 5-Year Experience 在现有镇静服务下儿科PICC小组的发展:5年经验
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519884040
S. Rainey, Girish G Deshpande, Haley Boehm, Kim Camp, Annette Fehr, Kimberly Horack, Keith Hanson
Objective: To examine our institutional experiences with ultrasound-guided peripherally inserted central catheter (US-PICC) placement by a dedicated US-PICC team under the umbrella of an existing pediatric sedation service. Methods: Retrospective review of quality data examining 968 US-PICC encounters over a 5-year period from 2012 to 2016. Data for each encounter included line indications, success rate, dwelling time, need for sedation, and incidence of complications including venous thrombosis, infection, and accidental removal. Results: US-PICC lines were successfully placed in 89% of patients with an average age of 5.4 years. Extended antibiotic treatment was the most common indication for US-PICC placement and the mean dwell time was 23 days. Long-term complications were noted in 6.1% of cases, with venous thrombosis and line infection complicating 1.7% and 0.9% of encounters, respectively. Conclusion: Results suggest that our endeavor of creating a dedicated US-PICC team under an existing pediatric sedation service is successful with regard to the number of lines placed, success rates, and incidence of complications. This approach may be beneficial to other institutions seeing to maximize resource utilization and streamline patient care.
目的:探讨超声引导下由专门的US-PICC团队在现有儿科镇静服务的保护下放置周围中心导管(US-PICC)的机构经验。方法:回顾性分析2012 - 2016年5年间968例US-PICC就诊的质量数据。每次就诊的数据包括一线适应症、成功率、住院时间、镇静需求和并发症的发生率,包括静脉血栓形成、感染和意外拔除。结果:89%的平均年龄为5.4岁的患者成功植入US-PICC细胞系。延长抗生素治疗是US-PICC放置最常见的适应症,平均停留时间为23天。长期并发症发生率为6.1%,静脉血栓形成和静脉静脉感染发生率分别为1.7%和0.9%。结论:结果表明,我们在现有的儿科镇静服务下建立一个专门的US-PICC团队的努力是成功的,就放置的线的数量,成功率和并发症的发生率而言。这种方法可能有利于其他机构看到最大限度地利用资源和简化病人护理。
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引用次数: 7
Investigating Postpartum Depression in the Adolescent Mother Using 3 Potential Qualitative Approaches 用三种潜在的定性方法调查青春期母亲产后抑郁
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519884042
S. Ladores, J. Corcoran
Adolescent mothers are twice as likely as their adult counterparts to have postpartum depression (PPD). Left undiagnosed and untreated, PPD can have significant consequences for the mothers, infants, families, communities, and society. Although the epidemiology has been well studied, there is a scarcity in the number of qualitative research studies being conducted to study this unique group of young women. Qualitative research is a perfect match to elicit the voices of adolescent mothers having PPD because the qualitative approach offers a way to gain insight, meaning, and understanding of a phenomenon that is still largely misunderstood and unaddressed. This article will discuss 3 major qualitative approaches (phenomenology, ethnography, and participatory action research) that may be employed to study PPD in the adolescent mother.
青春期母亲患产后抑郁症的可能性是成年母亲的两倍。如果不及时诊断和治疗,产后抑郁症会对母亲、婴儿、家庭、社区和社会造成严重后果。虽然对流行病学进行了充分的研究,但对这一独特的年轻妇女群体进行的定性研究数量很少。定性研究是引出患有产后抑郁症的青春期母亲的声音的完美匹配,因为定性方法提供了一种获得洞察力、意义和理解这一现象的方法,这种现象在很大程度上仍然被误解和未解决。本文将讨论三种主要的定性方法(现象学、人种学和参与行动研究),它们可能被用于研究青春期母亲的产后抑郁症。
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引用次数: 3
A Qualitative Investigation of Swimming Experiences of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Families. 自闭症谱系障碍儿童及其家庭游泳经历的定性调查。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-09-13 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519872214
Lisa Mische Lawson, Julie D'Adamo, Kayle Campbell, Bethany Hermreck, Sarah Holz, Jenna Moxley, Kayla Nance, Megan Nolla, Anna Travis

Objective: To understand the swimming experience from the perspective of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families.

Methods: We interviewed 12 diverse families using a semi-structured interview with follow-up probing questions related to their swimming experiences. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded by researchers.

Results: Themes included family water activities, safety, characteristics of ASD, instructional methods, swim skills, swimming preferences, barriers/challenges, and benefits of swimming. Findings indicate positive experiences and skill acquisition were prevalent when instructional methods matched a child's unique needs. Parents revealed they were more confident in safety as their children's swimming competence improved. Individualized instructional methods and unique characteristics of ASD may influence perceived safety.

目的:从自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童及其家庭的角度了解游泳体验。方法:我们对12个不同的家庭进行了半结构化访谈,并对他们的游泳经历进行了后续探究。访谈由研究人员逐字记录并编码。结果:主题包括家庭水上活动、安全、ASD特征、教学方法、游泳技能、游泳偏好、障碍/挑战和游泳的好处。研究结果表明,当教学方法符合儿童的独特需求时,积极的经验和技能习得是普遍存在的。家长们透露,随着孩子游泳能力的提高,他们对安全更有信心了。个性化的教学方法和ASD的独特特征可能影响感知安全。
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引用次数: 9
Parental Antibiotic Use in Urban and Peri-Urban Health Care Centers in Lima: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices. 利马城市和城市周边卫生保健中心的父母抗生素使用:知识、态度和实践的横断面研究。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-08-21 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519869338
Jose L Paredes, Rafaella Navarro, Maribel Riveros, Veronica Picon, Francisco Conde, Mario Suito-Ferrand, Theresa J Ochoa

In pediatric patients, the antibiotic use is affected by parental beliefs and practices; especially in countries where it is possible to acquire them without prescription. This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on antibiotic use among parents of children from urban and peri-urban health care centers in Lima. A cross-sectional study was performed at 1 urban and 2 peri-urban health care centers selected in Lima, Perú. Parents of children below the age of 3 years answered a knowledge-attitudes-practices-validated questionnaire about antibiotic use and were categorized as high, moderate, and low knowledge regarding antibiotics. We analyzed potential determinants for low knowledge and having medicated their children with unprescribed antibiotics using bivariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 224 parents were enrolled, and 8% were categorized as low knowledge. Half of the parents could not recognize that antibiotics cannot cure viral infections, 59.4% disagreed with "antibiotics speed up recovery from a cold," and 53.2% stored antibiotics at home. Remarkably 23.5% of parents reported having medicated their children with antibiotics without prescription, which was associated with belonging to the peri-urban health care center, use of antibiotics by their children in the last 12 months, and having purchased antibiotics without physicians' prescription. An alarming overuse of antibiotics without prescription was described among children below the age of 3 years. Educational interventions, addressing parental attitudes and practices, and health policies should be developed to limit inappropriate antibiotic use especially in peri-urban communities.

在儿科患者中,抗生素的使用受到父母信仰和实践的影响;尤其是在那些无需处方就能获得它们的国家。本研究旨在描述利马城市和城郊医疗保健中心儿童家长对抗生素使用的知识、态度和做法。在秘鲁利马选定的1个城市和2个城郊医疗保健中心进行了一项横断面研究。3岁以下儿童的父母 years回答了一份关于抗生素使用的知识态度实践验证问卷,并将其分为高、中、低三类。我们使用双变量和多变量分析分析了知识水平低和用未经描述的抗生素给孩子用药的潜在决定因素。共有224名家长被录取,其中8%被归类为低知识。一半的父母没有意识到抗生素不能治愈病毒感染,59.4%的父母不同意“抗生素可以加速感冒康复”,53.2%的父母将抗生素存放在家中。值得注意的是,23.5%的父母报告说,他们在没有处方的情况下给孩子服用了抗生素,这与他们的孩子在过去12年中使用抗生素有关 几个月,并且在没有医生处方的情况下购买了抗生素。据报道,3岁以下儿童在未经处方的情况下过度使用抗生素的情况令人担忧 年。应制定教育干预措施、解决父母的态度和做法以及卫生政策,以限制抗生素的不当使用,尤其是在城市周边社区。
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引用次数: 9
Sensory Integration and Functional Reaching in Children With Rett Syndrome/Rett-Related Disorders Rett综合征/Rett相关疾病儿童的感觉统合和功能延伸
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519871952
Wendy Drobnyk, K. Rocco, S. Davidson, S. Bruce, Fang Zhang, S. Soumerai
Background: The loss of functional hand skills is a primary characteristic of Rett syndrome. Stereotypies, dyspraxia, and other sensory processing issues severely limit the individual’s ability to reach toward and sustain grasp on objects. This loss of functional reach and grasp severely limits their ability to participate in self-help, play, and school-related activities. We proposed that Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) treatment would improve sensory processing and motor planning, which would lay the sensory-motor groundwork for improving grasp of objects, an important first step in developing functional hand use. Objective: We examined effects of ASI treatment on rate of reaching and grasping for children with Rett syndrome/Rett-related disorders. Methods: We used an interrupted time series design to measure changes in outcome variables occurring after intervention initiation and cessation. We analyzed daily video observations during baseline, intervention, and post-intervention periods, over a span of 7 months. Results: During baseline, rate of grasping declined moderately. There was a 15% increase in grasping from the end of baseline to end of the post-intervention period. There was no significant change in rate of reaching. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary data showing very small improvements in hand grasp of children with Rett syndrome following ASI treatment; larger studies in diverse settings are needed to establish the effectiveness of this approach. This study shows that an interrupted time series research design provides a valid template for evaluating interventions for children with rare disorders.
背景:功能性手技能的丧失是Rett综合征的主要特征。刻板印象、运动障碍和其他感觉处理问题严重限制了个体接触和维持抓握物体的能力。这种功能性伸展和抓握能力的丧失严重限制了他们参与自助、游戏和学校相关活动的能力。我们提出,Ayres感觉统合(ASI)治疗可以改善感觉加工和运动规划,这将为提高对物体的把握奠定感觉-运动基础,这是发展手部功能使用的重要第一步。目的:探讨ASI治疗对Rett综合征/Rett相关疾病患儿伸手及抓握率的影响。方法:我们使用中断时间序列设计来测量干预开始和停止后发生的结果变量的变化。我们分析了基线期、干预期和干预后7个月的每日视频观察。结果:在基线期间,抓取率中度下降。从基线结束到干预后结束,抓握率增加了15%。到达率没有显著变化。结论:本研究提供的初步数据显示,在ASI治疗后,Rett综合征儿童的手部掌握能力有很小的改善;需要在不同环境下进行更大规模的研究,以确定这种方法的有效性。本研究表明,中断时间序列研究设计为评估罕见疾病儿童的干预措施提供了有效的模板。
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引用次数: 6
Low-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma of the Temporal Bone in Paediatric Patients: A Case Report and Literature Review. 小儿颞骨表面低级别骨肉瘤1例报告及文献复习。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-06-26 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519855381
Noémie Villemure-Poliquin, Mathieu Trudel, Sebastien Labonté, Valérie Blouin, Gaétan Fradet

Purpose of the study: Primary osteosarcoma of the temporal bone is an exceedingly rare pathology in the paediatric population. As of now, only 3 cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe the additional case of a 16-year-old girl with an osteosarcoma of the mastoid bone. This study aims to report a rare paediatric case of low-grade surface osteosarcoma of the temporal bone.

Materials and methods used: A literature review was performed to better understand paediatric osteosarcomas of the head and neck region, to optimize their investigation, to describe their histopathological and radiological characteristics, and to establish the optimal modalities of medical and surgical treatments. The research of previous published data was done using PubMed and Embase library with the keywords mentioned below.

Results: The patient presented with a rapidly progressive left retroauricular lesion over a 3-week period. Radiological studies demonstrated aggressive and invasive features. An open biopsy followed and confirmed the diagnosis of a low-grade surface osteosarcoma. In accordance with the multidisciplinary team, we decided to perform a complete surgical resection with wide surgical margins. We did not administer any adjuvant therapies. A control computed tomography (CT) scan obtained 26 months postoperatively still showed no signs of recurrence.

Conclusion: Osteosarcomas are aggressive malignant neoplasms found in the head and neck region in only 6% to 10% of cases. They represent approximately 1% of head and neck cancers, and these are generally high-grade lesions. Temporal bone involvement is rare, particularly for low-grade lesions in paediatric patients. In addition to reporting the fourth paediatric case of primary temporal bone osteosarcoma, this study describes its specific clinical, histopathological, and radiological findings, to improve the management and the prognostic of patients affected with this particular clinical entity.

研究目的:原发性颞骨骨肉瘤是一种极为罕见的儿科疾病。到目前为止,在英国文献中只报道了3例。我们描述了一个16岁的女孩与乳突骨骨肉瘤的额外情况。本研究报告一例罕见的儿童颞骨低级别表面骨肉瘤病例。使用的材料和方法:进行文献综述,以更好地了解头颈部的儿童骨肉瘤,优化其研究,描述其组织病理学和放射学特征,并建立最佳的药物和手术治疗方式。使用PubMed和Embase库对之前发表的数据进行研究,关键词如下。结果:患者在3周的时间内表现为快速进展的左耳后病变。影像学检查表现为侵袭性和侵袭性特征。随后行开放性活组织检查,确诊为低级别表面骨肉瘤。根据多学科团队的意见,我们决定进行广泛手术切缘的完整手术切除。我们没有给予任何辅助治疗。术后26个月的对照计算机断层扫描(CT)仍未显示复发迹象。结论:骨肉瘤是发生在头颈部的侵袭性恶性肿瘤,发病率仅为6% ~ 10%。它们约占头颈癌的1%,通常为高级别病变。颞骨受累是罕见的,特别是对儿童患者的低级别病变。除了报告第4例原发性颞骨骨肉瘤的儿科病例外,本研究还描述了其具体的临床、组织病理学和放射学表现,以改善这种特殊临床实体患者的管理和预后。
{"title":"Low-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma of the Temporal Bone in Paediatric Patients: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Noémie Villemure-Poliquin,&nbsp;Mathieu Trudel,&nbsp;Sebastien Labonté,&nbsp;Valérie Blouin,&nbsp;Gaétan Fradet","doi":"10.1177/1179556519855381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179556519855381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the study: </strong>Primary osteosarcoma of the temporal bone is an exceedingly rare pathology in the paediatric population. As of now, only 3 cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe the additional case of a 16-year-old girl with an osteosarcoma of the mastoid bone. This study aims to report a rare paediatric case of low-grade surface osteosarcoma of the temporal bone.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods used: </strong>A literature review was performed to better understand paediatric osteosarcomas of the head and neck region, to optimize their investigation, to describe their histopathological and radiological characteristics, and to establish the optimal modalities of medical and surgical treatments. The research of previous published data was done using PubMed and Embase library with the keywords mentioned below.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient presented with a rapidly progressive left retroauricular lesion over a 3-week period. Radiological studies demonstrated aggressive and invasive features. An open biopsy followed and confirmed the diagnosis of a low-grade surface osteosarcoma. In accordance with the multidisciplinary team, we decided to perform a complete surgical resection with wide surgical margins. We did not administer any adjuvant therapies. A control computed tomography (CT) scan obtained 26 months postoperatively still showed no signs of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Osteosarcomas are aggressive malignant neoplasms found in the head and neck region in only 6% to 10% of cases. They represent approximately 1% of head and neck cancers, and these are generally high-grade lesions. Temporal bone involvement is rare, particularly for low-grade lesions in paediatric patients. In addition to reporting the fourth paediatric case of primary temporal bone osteosarcoma, this study describes its specific clinical, histopathological, and radiological findings, to improve the management and the prognostic of patients affected with this particular clinical entity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45027,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1179556519855381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1179556519855381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37387650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Time to Recovery of Feeding After Alveolar Bone Graft Is Associated With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Within 2 Hours in Children. 儿童牙槽骨移植术后进食恢复时间与术后2小时内恶心呕吐有关。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-06-14 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519855387
Kaoru Yamashita, Toshiro Kibe, Sachi Ohno, Minako Uchino, Yurina Higa, Ayako Niiro, Norifumi Nakamura, Mitsutaka Sugimura

Objective: To examine the relationship between the method of anesthesia for alveolar bone graft surgery and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) based on the difference in surgical timing and to assess factors related to the postoperative quality of life.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Hospital.

Participants: Patients with cleft lip and palate who underwent alveolar bone graft surgery under general anesthesia. The subjects were divided into two groups based on surgical timing: secondary bone graft (SBG) and late secondary bone graft (LSBG) groups.

Main outcome measures: Relationship between time to recovery of feeding and the types of anesthesia, PONV, and postoperative pain period.

Results: The mean patient age was 9.97 ± 1.33 years in the SBG group and 15.39 ± 0.31 years in the LSBG group. In the SBG group, patients who were administered fentanyl or remifentanil had significantly higher incidence of PONV than those who were not administered these drugs. In the SBG group, the time to recovery of feeding was significantly longer in patients experiencing PONV within 2 hours or that lasted for 24 hours than in those without PONV. In the LSBG group, there was no significant difference regarding any of the above factors.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the occurrence of PONV within 2 hours or lasting for 24 hours postoperatively in school-age children prolonged the time to recovery of feeding. This indicates that the time to recovery of feeding can be predicted based on the occurrence of PONV within the first 2 hours.

目的:探讨牙槽骨移植手术麻醉方式与术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的关系,探讨影响术后生活质量的相关因素。设计:回顾性观察性研究。设置:医院。研究对象:在全身麻醉下行牙槽骨移植手术的唇腭裂患者。根据手术时间将受试者分为两组:继发性骨移植(SBG)组和晚期继发性骨移植(LSBG)组。主要观察指标:喂养恢复时间与麻醉类型、PONV、术后疼痛期的关系。结果:SBG组患者平均年龄为9.97±1.33岁,LSBG组患者平均年龄为15.39±0.31岁。在SBG组中,给予芬太尼或瑞芬太尼的患者的PONV发生率明显高于未给予这些药物的患者。在SBG组中,发生PONV的患者在2小时内或持续24小时的喂养恢复时间明显长于无PONV的患者。在LSBG组中,上述因素均无显著差异。结论:学龄儿童术后2小时内或持续24小时出现PONV,可延长进食恢复时间。这表明可以根据前2小时内PONV的发生情况预测进食恢复时间。
{"title":"Time to Recovery of Feeding After Alveolar Bone Graft Is Associated With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Within 2 Hours in Children.","authors":"Kaoru Yamashita,&nbsp;Toshiro Kibe,&nbsp;Sachi Ohno,&nbsp;Minako Uchino,&nbsp;Yurina Higa,&nbsp;Ayako Niiro,&nbsp;Norifumi Nakamura,&nbsp;Mitsutaka Sugimura","doi":"10.1177/1179556519855387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179556519855387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the relationship between the method of anesthesia for alveolar bone graft surgery and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) based on the difference in surgical timing and to assess factors related to the postoperative quality of life.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients with cleft lip and palate who underwent alveolar bone graft surgery under general anesthesia. The subjects were divided into two groups based on surgical timing: secondary bone graft (SBG) and late secondary bone graft (LSBG) groups.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Relationship between time to recovery of feeding and the types of anesthesia, PONV, and postoperative pain period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean patient age was 9.97 ± 1.33 years in the SBG group and 15.39 ± 0.31 years in the LSBG group. In the SBG group, patients who were administered fentanyl or remifentanil had significantly higher incidence of PONV than those who were not administered these drugs. In the SBG group, the time to recovery of feeding was significantly longer in patients experiencing PONV within 2 hours or that lasted for 24 hours than in those without PONV. In the LSBG group, there was no significant difference regarding any of the above factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that the occurrence of PONV within 2 hours or lasting for 24 hours postoperatively in school-age children prolonged the time to recovery of feeding. This indicates that the time to recovery of feeding can be predicted based on the occurrence of PONV within the first 2 hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":45027,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1179556519855387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1179556519855387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37358311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-Reported and Actual Involvement of Community Pharmacy Professionals in the Management of Childhood Diarrhea: A Cross-Sectional and Simulated Patient Study at two Towns of Eastern Ethiopia. 社区药房专业人员在儿童腹泻管理中的自我报告和实际参与:埃塞俄比亚东部两个城镇的横断面和模拟患者研究。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-06-13 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519855380
Getnet Mengistu, Kassahun Gietnet, Firehiwot Amare, Mekonnen Sisay, Bisrat Hagos, Desye Misganaw

Background: Role of community pharmacy professionals is observed in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea and the associated problem of dehydration in children. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported knowledge and actual practices of community pharmacy professionals toward the management of diarrhea in Harar town and Dire Dawa city administration.

Methodology: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on community pharmacy professionals practicing in community drug outlets of the two towns. Structured questionnaires and simulated patient were used to collect data.

Results: A total of 105 community pharmacy professionals from 105 community pharmacies were invited, out of which 69.5% were men. Age was the most frequently taken history in both studies and none of the participants take history about weight of the child, medication history, and nutrition condition in the simulated study. Even though more than 90% of the participants reported to recommend oral rehydration salt (ORS) plus zinc, above 85% of them dispense antimicrobial agents for the simulated patient. Dose (96%), frequency (98%), how to prepare ORS (98%), and duration (98%) were the most frequently given information in the questionnaire survey. However, the simulated study revealed that information about common side effects and major interactions were not given to the patient.

Conclusion: The study identified that there is a great difference between self-reported knowledge and actual practices on the management of childhood diarrhea in community pharmacies.

背景:观察社区药学专业人员在预防和治疗儿童腹泻及相关脱水问题中的作用。本研究的目的是评估哈拉尔镇和迪勒达瓦市政府社区药房专业人员对腹泻管理的自我报告知识和实际做法。方法:采用以社区为基础的横断面调查方法,对两镇社区药店执业的社区药学专业人员进行调查。采用结构化问卷和模拟病人的方法收集数据。结果:共邀请105家社区药房的105名社区药学专业人员,其中男性占69.5%。在两项研究中,年龄是最常被记录的病史,在模拟研究中,没有参与者记录孩子的体重、用药史和营养状况。尽管超过90%的参与者报告推荐口服补液盐(ORS)加锌,但超过85%的参与者为模拟患者分配抗菌剂。剂量(96%)、频率(98%)、如何准备口服补液(98%)和持续时间(98%)是问卷调查中最常见的信息。然而,模拟研究显示,有关常见副作用和主要相互作用的信息并未告知患者。结论:本研究发现社区药房儿童腹泻管理知识自述与实际存在较大差异。
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引用次数: 9
Some Scars Do Not Run Deep: The Qualitative and Quantitative Nature of Neonatal Seldinger Pigtail Chest Drain Scars. 一些疤痕不深:新生儿Seldinger辫子胸引流疤痕的定性和定量性质。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-06-11 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519855384
Leo Bh Gundle, Aimee Dowek, Priya Heer, Steven Jones, David Bartle

Pneumothorax is a complication of respiratory distress syndrome, of which many preterm babies suffer. If significant, these pneumothoraces can be treated by the insertion of a chest drain. There are a number of different types of chest drain, and techniques of insertion. This study aims to establish both the quantitative nature, and emotional significance of neonatal pigtail chest drain scarring, as inserted via the Seldinger technique. Parents were interviewed by telephone and asked to send photographs of their child's scar to be graded. Researchers found that, on the whole, the scar size and severity was not significant, and that those interviewed generally agreed that while the scar served as a reminder of a traumatic time, its size was unimportant. These results may inform future practice on a basis of chest drain comparison; results imply that chest drains with the greatest efficacy should be used.

气胸是呼吸窘迫综合征的并发症,许多早产儿都患有这种疾病。如果严重,这些气胸可以通过胸腔引流来治疗。有许多不同类型的胸腔引流和插入技术。本研究旨在通过Seldinger技术建立新生儿辫子胸引流瘢痕的定量性质和情感意义。父母们接受了电话采访,并被要求把孩子伤疤的照片寄给他们打分。研究人员发现,总的来说,伤疤的大小和严重程度并不重要,受访者普遍认为,伤疤是创伤时期的提醒,但它的大小并不重要。这些结果可为今后胸液比较的实践提供参考;结果提示,应采用疗效最大的胸腔引流液。
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引用次数: 0
Serum Chemerin Levels Correlate With Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents. 血清趋化素水平与肥胖儿童和青少年代谢综合征的决定因素相关。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2019-06-05 eCollection Date: 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519853780
Hong-Jun Ba, Ling-Ling Xu, You-Zhen Qin, Hong-Shan Chen

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate serum chemerin concentrations in obese children and adolescents and to investigate the associations of chemerin with body mass index (BMI), lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity.

Methods: Forty-eight obese and 40 nonobese Chinese children and adolescents were included in the study. BMI and levels of chemerin, lipids, glucose, and insulin were measured following an overnight fast. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) were determined for all participants.

Results: Serum chemerin levels were found to be significantly higher in obese children and adolescents than in control group members (94.83 ± 5.99 ng/mL vs 56.43 ± 4.16 ng/mL, P < .001). There were significant correlations between chemerin and age, BMI, BMI-SDS, total triglyceride (TG) levels, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. After controlling for age, we found that chemerin levels were also significantly correlated with BMI-SDS (r =+ 0.284, P = .008) and HOMA-IR (r =+ 0.241, P = .034). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, we observed only BMI-SDS to be an important determinant of chemerin level.

Conclusions: In our sample of Chinese children and adolescents, chemerin levels were significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group. Chemerin levels were positively correlated with BMI-SDS and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with age. We thus believe that further study is necessary to investigate the risk of metabolic abnormalities in young obese children and adolescents.

目的:本研究旨在调查肥胖儿童和青少年的血清趋化素浓度,并探讨趋化素与体重指数(BMI)、脂质水平和胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法:将48名肥胖儿童和40名非肥胖儿童和青少年纳入研究。在禁食一夜之后,测量了BMI和趋化素、血脂、葡萄糖和胰岛素的水平。测定所有参与者的胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估(HOMA-IR)和BMI标准偏差评分(BMI- sds)。结果:肥胖儿童和青少年血清趋化素水平明显高于对照组(94.83±5.99 ng/mL vs 56.43±4.16 ng/mL, P P = 0.008)和HOMA-IR (r =+ 0.241, P = 0.034)。在逐步多元回归分析中,我们观察到只有BMI-SDS是趋化素水平的重要决定因素。结论:在我们的中国儿童和青少年样本中,肥胖组的趋化素水平明显高于对照组。Chemerin水平与BMI-SDS、HOMA-IR呈正相关,与年龄负相关。因此,我们认为有必要进一步研究年轻肥胖儿童和青少年代谢异常的风险。
{"title":"Serum Chemerin Levels Correlate With Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Hong-Jun Ba,&nbsp;Ling-Ling Xu,&nbsp;You-Zhen Qin,&nbsp;Hong-Shan Chen","doi":"10.1177/1179556519853780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179556519853780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate serum chemerin concentrations in obese children and adolescents and to investigate the associations of chemerin with body mass index (BMI), lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight obese and 40 nonobese Chinese children and adolescents were included in the study. BMI and levels of chemerin, lipids, glucose, and insulin were measured following an overnight fast. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) were determined for all participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum chemerin levels were found to be significantly higher in obese children and adolescents than in control group members (94.83 ± 5.99 ng/mL vs 56.43 ± 4.16 ng/mL, <i>P</i> < .001). There were significant correlations between chemerin and age, BMI, BMI-SDS, total triglyceride (TG) levels, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. After controlling for age, we found that chemerin levels were also significantly correlated with BMI-SDS (r =+ 0.284, <i>P</i> = .008) and HOMA-IR (r =+ 0.241, <i>P</i> = .034). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, we observed only BMI-SDS to be an important determinant of chemerin level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our sample of Chinese children and adolescents, chemerin levels were significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group. Chemerin levels were positively correlated with BMI-SDS and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with age. We thus believe that further study is necessary to investigate the risk of metabolic abnormalities in young obese children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":45027,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics","volume":"13 ","pages":"1179556519853780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1179556519853780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37344629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
期刊
Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics
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