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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infection and its Association with Anemia among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Sidama National Regional State, Southern Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚南部西达马民族地区州6至59个月儿童肠道寄生虫感染患病率及其与贫血的关系
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-07-02 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211029259
Amelo Bolka Gujo, Assefa Philipos Kare

Background: Previous studies conducted in Ethiopia revealed anemia as a severe public health problem among under-5 children but failed to associate with parasite infection. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection (IP) and its association with anemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Yirgalem General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

Method: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 367 children aged 6 to 59 months. Trained data collectors administered the questionnaire. Blood was collected and analyzed for hemoglobin using the HemoCue 301. The stool samples were collected and analyzed. Association between IP and anemia was measured using multivariable analysis. The outputs are presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: The prevalence of anemia was 48.8% (95% CI: 43.7, 53.9). Anemia was of mild, moderate, and severe type in 24.5%, 21.5%, and 2.8% of the children respectively. The prevalence of IP was 43.3% (95% CI: 38.2, 48.3). The odds of anemia were higher among children infected with IP (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.97, 5.17), large family size (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.59), low-income level (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.35), and MUAC < 11 cm (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.85, 5.81).

Conclusions: The prevalence of IP was high. Anemia has severe public health significance. IP infection, income level, family size, and MUAC level were associated with anemia in children. Strengthening existing programs to prevent childhood anemia, and IP recommended.

背景:先前在埃塞俄比亚进行的研究表明,贫血是5岁以下儿童的一个严重公共卫生问题,但与寄生虫感染无关。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚南部Yirgalem综合医院6至59个月儿童肠道寄生虫感染(IP)的患病率及其与贫血的关系。方法:2020年对367名6至59月儿童进行了基于机构的横断面研究。受过培训的数据收集员负责管理调查表。收集血液并使用HemoCue 301分析血红蛋白。收集粪便样本并进行分析。采用多变量分析法测定IP与贫血之间的相关性。输出采用95%置信区间的调整比值比(AOR)表示。结果:贫血患病率为48.8%(95%可信区间:43.7,53.9),轻度贫血占24.5%,中度贫血占21.5%,重度贫血占2.8%。IP患病率为43.3%(95%CI:38.2,48.3)。感染IP(AOR=3.19,95%CI:1.97,5.17)、大家庭(AOR=2.13,95%CI:1.26,3.59)、低收入(AOR=2.05,95%CI:1.25,3.35)和MUAC<11cm(AOR=3.27,95%CI:1.85,5.81)的儿童贫血的几率较高。结论:IP患病率较高。贫血具有严重的公共卫生意义。IP感染、收入水平、家庭规模和MUAC水平与儿童贫血相关。加强现有预防儿童贫血的计划,并推荐IP。
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引用次数: 9
Masses of the Sternoclavicular Area: Case Series and Review of the Literature. 胸锁骨区肿块:病例系列及文献回顾。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-06-08 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211021600
Parisa Oviedo, Morgan Bliss

Objective: Masses of the sternoclavicular area are rare, and are not well described in the literature. We aim to present a series of patients with masses in this location and to review all reported English language cases of sternoclavicular masses in pediatric patients.

Methods: This is a case series of pediatric patients with masses of the sternoclavicular area presenting to a tertiary care pediatric hospital from 2010 through 2017. Data was collected by using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes to query the electronic medical record. Chart review included age at presentation, mass characteristics, medical and surgical interventions, and pathology results. A review of the literature was then performed.

Results: Ten patients with masses overlying the sternoclavicular area were identified. Four patients presented with abscess and were treated with incision and drainage. Three of these patients were then treated with staged excision once infection cleared. Two additional patients were treated with primary excision. Four patients were treated with observation. The most common histopathologic finding was epidermoid. One patient was found to have a dermoid cyst, and 1 had a congenital cartilaginous rest.

Conclusion: Epidermoids and dermoids are the most common masses overlying the sternoclavicular area. Controversy remains regarding the embryologic origin of sternoclavicular masses. The differential for masses in this area also includes branchial remnants, bronchogenic cysts, ganglion cysts, or septic arthritis.

目的:胸锁骨区域的肿块是罕见的,在文献中没有很好的描述。我们的目的是介绍一系列在该部位有肿块的患者,并回顾所有报道的小儿胸锁骨肿块的英文病例。方法:这是2010年至2017年在三级儿科医院就诊的胸锁区肿块儿科患者的病例系列。采用ICD-9和ICD-10编码收集数据,查询电子病历。图表回顾包括发病年龄、肿块特征、医疗和手术干预以及病理结果。然后进行文献回顾。结果:10例胸骨锁骨区有肿块。4例患者出现脓肿,采用切开引流治疗。其中3例患者在感染清除后接受分期切除治疗。另外两名患者接受了原发性切除治疗。4例患者给予观察治疗。最常见的组织病理学表现为表皮样。1例发现有皮样囊肿,1例有先天性软骨休息。结论:表皮样和皮样是覆盖胸锁骨区最常见的肿块。关于胸锁骨肿块的胚胎起源仍有争议。该区域肿块的鉴别特征还包括鳃裂残余、支气管源性囊肿、神经节囊肿或感染性关节炎。
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引用次数: 0
Huge Non-parasitic Mesothelial Splenic Cyst in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review. 儿童巨大非寄生性脾间皮囊肿1例报告并文献复习。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-06-03 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211021597
Imed Krichen, Kais Maazoun, Murad Kitar, Naglaa M Kamal, Ubaidullah Khan, Mostafa Yl Khalif, Rasha A, Haifa Assiri, Kawthar Abdulrhim Bokari

Background: Splenic cysts are one of the relatively rare conditions in pediatric surgery practice. Primary non-parasitic splenic cysts are even more scarce.

Case presentation: A 13-years-old female patient presented with chronic left hypochondrial pain of 2 months duration. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed huge 18 cm × 14 cm × 10 cm splenic cyst. Deroofing of the cyst was done which was complicated by secondary infection. Subsequently, the patient was re-operated on and partial splenectomy done with good outcome at 6 months follow up.

Conclusion: Partial splenectomy is the best management strategy for huge non-parasitic splenic cysts in children. There is also less recurrence rate of splenic cysts with preservation of splenic functions.

背景:脾囊肿是儿科外科实践中较为罕见的疾病之一。原发性非寄生性脾囊肿更为罕见。病例介绍:一名13岁女性患者,以慢性左肋软骨疼痛2个月为主诉。腹部超声和计算机断层扫描显示巨大的18厘米× 14厘米× 10厘米脾囊肿。切除囊肿后并发继发感染。随后,患者再次手术,并在6个月的随访中进行了部分脾切除术,结果良好。结论:部分脾切除术是治疗儿童巨大非寄生性脾囊肿的最佳方法。脾囊肿复发率较低,可保留脾功能。
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引用次数: 7
Breastfeeding in Primary Healthcare Setting: Evaluation of Nurses and Midwives Competencies, Training, Barriers and Satisfaction of Breastfeeding Educational Experiences in Northern Ghana. 初级医疗机构中的母乳喂养:对加纳北部护士和助产士的能力、培训、母乳喂养教育的障碍和满意度的评估》(Evaluation of Nurses and Midwives Competencies, Training, Barriers and Satisfaction of Breastfeeding Educational Experiences in Northern Ghana)。
IF 1.7 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2021-04-19 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211010704
Stephen Dajaan Dubik, Ernestina Yirkyio, Kingsley E Ebenezer

Background: Breastfeeding education is critical in improving healthcare professionals' competencies in providing breastfeeding care to mothers. We evaluated breastfeeding competencies, training, barriers and satisfaction of breastfeeding educational experiences among nurses and midwives in the Sagnarigu Municipality, Ghana.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included nurses and midwives providing maternal and child health services at various primary healthcare facilities in Sagnarigu Municipality.

Results: Nurses and midwives had higher pre-service breastfeeding training than in-service training with a mean training score of 10.0 and 5.2, respectively. Nurses and midwives who had both pre-service and in-service training had better satisfaction score (P = .003), positive attitudes (P = .016) and higher confidence level about breastfeeding (P = .007). Approximately, 80% of the nurses and midwives reported that they need further training/updating on breastfeeding while 40% reported clinical/professional practice as the significant contributor to their breastfeeding counselling competencies. Mean satisfaction score correlated positively with confidence levels about breastfeeding counselling (r = .224, P = .022) and pre-service training (r = .342, P < .001); confidence levels about breastfeeding counselling also correlated positively with attitudes towards breastfeeding counselling (r = .348, P < .001). Commonly reported barriers to breastfeeding counselling were mother's poor compliance with breastfeeding recommendations, too much workload, inadequate time and materials for breastfeeding counselling.

Conclusion: Nurses and midwives in this study felt confident about breastfeeding counselling, had positive attitudes towards breastfeeding counselling and generally, satisfied with their breastfeeding educational experiences. Despite nurses and midwives agreeing that breastfeeding counselling is integral in their professional practice, their role in providing breastfeeding counselling is hindered by individual and health systems barriers.

背景:母乳喂养教育对于提高医护人员为母亲提供母乳喂养护理的能力至关重要。我们对加纳 Sagnarigu 市护士和助产士的母乳喂养能力、培训、障碍以及对母乳喂养教育经验的满意度进行了评估:这项横断面研究的对象包括在萨格纳里古市各基层医疗机构提供妇幼保健服务的护士和助产士:护士和助产士的职前母乳喂养培训高于在职培训,平均培训得分分别为 10.0 分和 5.2 分。接受过岗前和在职培训的护士和助产士对母乳喂养的满意度更高(P = .003)、态度更积极(P = .016)、信心更足(P = .007)。约 80% 的护士和助产士表示需要进一步接受母乳喂养方面的培训/更新,而 40% 的护士和助产士表示临床/专业实践是提高其母乳喂养咨询能力的重要因素。平均满意度得分与母乳喂养咨询的信心水平(r = .224,P = .022)和职前培训(r = .342,P r = .348,P 结论)呈正相关:本研究中的护士和助产士对母乳喂养咨询充满信心,对母乳喂养咨询持积极态度,并普遍对母乳喂养教育经历感到满意。尽管护士和助产士都认为母乳喂养辅导是她们专业实践中不可或缺的一部分,但她们在提供母乳喂养辅导方面的作用却受到个人和医疗系统障碍的阻碍。
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引用次数: 0
Spirometry Abnormalities and Its Associated Factors Among Primary School Children in a Nigerian City. 尼日利亚城市小学生肺活量异常及其相关因素。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-03-19 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211001897
Chizalu Ifeyinwa Ndukwu, Obianuju B Ozoh, Boni Maxime Ale, Adaeze C Ayuk, Jacinta C Elo-Ilo, Babatunde I Awokola

Background: There is paucity of data on objectively measured lung function abnormalities in Nigerian children using diagnostic testing methods such as spirometry. Such assessments could prompt early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study among children aged 6 to 12 years in South-Eastern Nigeria. We selected participants from one school using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. A structured respiratory questionnaire was administered to obtain necessary data. The lung functions of the children were measured by spirometry. We used Lower Limits of Normal (LLN) based on GLI reference equations for African-American and mixed ethnicities to define abnormal spirometry. We studied the association between the exposures and lung function using logistic regression/chi-squared tests.

Results: A total of 145 children performed acceptable and repeatable tests. There were 73 males (50.3%), mean age of 9.13 years (+1.5) and age range 6 to 12 years. Frequency of respiratory symptoms was cough- 64 (44.1%) and wheeze in 19 (13.1%). Using GLI for African-Americans, fifty-five (37.9%) children had abnormal spirometryobstructive pattern in 40 (27.6%) and restrictive pattern in 15 (10.3%). The two references showed significant differences in interpretation of abnormality (χ2 = 72.86; P < .001). Respiratory symptom-wheeze was an independent determinant of abnormal lung function in this population.(OR = 0.31; 95%CI: 0.10-0.94; P = .04).

Conclusion: There is a high burden of respiratory symptoms and abnormal spirometry among these children. The need for objective evaluation of lung function especially for children with respiratory symptoms is evident.

背景:使用肺活量测定等诊断测试方法客观测量尼日利亚儿童肺功能异常的数据很少。此类评估可促进早期诊断和治疗干预:这是一项针对尼日利亚东南部 6 至 12 岁儿童的横断面研究。我们采用多阶段分层随机抽样技术从一所学校中选取了参与者。为了获得必要的数据,我们进行了结构化呼吸系统问卷调查。通过肺活量测定法测量了儿童的肺功能。我们使用基于非裔美国人和混血儿 GLI 参考方程的正常下限 (LLN) 来定义肺活量异常。我们使用逻辑回归/卡方检验研究了暴露与肺功能之间的关系:共有 145 名儿童进行了可接受和可重复的测试。其中有 73 名男性(50.3%),平均年龄为 9.13 岁(+1.5),年龄范围为 6 至 12 岁。出现呼吸道症状的频率为咳嗽 64 例(44.1%)和喘息 19 例(13.1%)。根据非裔美国人的 GLI,55 名(37.9%)儿童的肺活量异常,其中 40 名(27.6%)为阻塞型,15 名(10.3%)为限制型。两份参考文献对异常的解释存在明显差异(χ2 = 72.86; P P = .04):结论:在这些儿童中,呼吸道症状和肺活量异常的负担很重。结论:在这些儿童中,呼吸道症状和肺活量异常的负担很重,对肺功能进行客观评估的必要性显而易见,尤其是对有呼吸道症状的儿童。
{"title":"Spirometry Abnormalities and Its Associated Factors Among Primary School Children in a Nigerian City.","authors":"Chizalu Ifeyinwa Ndukwu, Obianuju B Ozoh, Boni Maxime Ale, Adaeze C Ayuk, Jacinta C Elo-Ilo, Babatunde I Awokola","doi":"10.1177/11795565211001897","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795565211001897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is paucity of data on objectively measured lung function abnormalities in Nigerian children using diagnostic testing methods such as spirometry. Such assessments could prompt early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross sectional study among children aged 6 to 12 years in South-Eastern Nigeria. We selected participants from one school using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. A structured respiratory questionnaire was administered to obtain necessary data. The lung functions of the children were measured by spirometry. We used Lower Limits of Normal (LLN) based on GLI reference equations for African-American and mixed ethnicities to define abnormal spirometry. We studied the association between the exposures and lung function using logistic regression/chi-squared tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 145 children performed acceptable and repeatable tests. There were 73 males (50.3%), mean age of 9.13 years (+1.5) and age range 6 to 12 years. Frequency of respiratory symptoms was cough- 64 (44.1%) and wheeze in 19 (13.1%). Using GLI for African-Americans, fifty-five (37.9%) children had abnormal spirometryobstructive pattern in 40 (27.6%) and restrictive pattern in 15 (10.3%). The two references showed significant differences in interpretation of abnormality (χ<sup>2</sup> = 72.86; <i>P</i> < .001). Respiratory symptom-wheeze was an independent determinant of abnormal lung function in this population.(OR = 0.31; 95%CI: 0.10-0.94; <i>P</i> = .04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a high burden of respiratory symptoms and abnormal spirometry among these children. The need for objective evaluation of lung function especially for children with respiratory symptoms is evident.</p>","PeriodicalId":45027,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/ba/10.1177_11795565211001897.PMC7983488.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25551147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New PAX2 Mutation Associated with Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Case Report. 与多囊肾病有关的新 PAX2 基因突变:病例报告
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-03-05 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556521992354
Jessica Maria Forero-Delgadillo, Vanessa Ochoa, Natalia Duque, Jaime Manuel Restrepo, Hernando Londoño, Jose Antonio Nastasi-Catanese, Harry Pachajoa

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the leading cause of end stage renal disease in children. Diagnosis by genetic testing has proven challenging due to its genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, as well as incomplete penetrance. We report a case on a 16-months old female with a history of renal cysts and a PAX2 mutation.

Case presentation: The patient presented with a prenatal diagnosis of Potter sequence and a postnatal diagnosis of renal cysts. An ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation revealed right renal agenesis and possible left renal dysplasia. Post natal genetic analyses identified a novel mutation in PAX2.

Conclusion: Cystic kidney disease is often underdiagnosed due to its variable expressivity and wide range of clinical manifestations; PAX2 genetic screening should be considered for all patients with CAKUT.

背景:先天性肾脏和泌尿道异常(CAKUT)是导致儿童终末期肾病的主要原因。由于其遗传和表型的异质性以及不完全的渗透性,通过基因检测进行诊断已被证明具有挑战性。我们报告了一例 16 个月大的女性患者,她有肾囊肿病史和 PAX2 基因突变:患者产前诊断为波特序列,产后诊断为肾囊肿。妊娠 20 周时的超声波检查发现右肾发育不全,左肾可能发育不良。产后基因分析发现 PAX2 存在新型突变:结论:由于囊性肾病的表现形式多变,临床表现范围广泛,因此往往诊断不足;所有 CAKUT 患者都应考虑进行 PAX2 基因筛查。
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引用次数: 0
The Burden of Preventable Adverse Drug Events on Hospital Stay and Healthcare Costs in Japanese Pediatric Inpatients: The JADE Study. 日本儿科住院患者可预防药物不良事件的住院负担和医疗费用:JADE研究
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-02-22 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556521995833
Hitoshi Iwasaki, Mio Sakuma, Hiroyuki Ida, Takeshi Morimoto

Background: Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a burden to the healthcare system. Preventable ADEs, which was ADEs due to medication errors, could be reduced if medication errors can be prevent or ameliorate.

Objective: We investigated the burden of preventable ADEs on the length of hospital stay (LOS) and costs, and estimated the national burden of preventable ADEs in pediatric inpatients in Japan.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Japan Adverse Drug Events (JADE) study on pediatric patients and estimated the incidence of preventable ADEs and associated extended LOS. Costs attributable to extended LOS by preventable ADEs were calculated using a national statistics database and we calculated the effect of preventable ADEs on national cost excess.

Results: We included 907 patients with 7377 patient-days. Among them, 31 patients (3.4%) experienced preventable ADEs during hospitalization. Preventable ADEs significantly increased the LOS by 14.1 days, adjusting for gender, age, ward, resident physician, surgery during hospitalization, cancer, and severe malformation at birth. The individual cost due to the extended LOS of 14.1 days was estimated as USD 8258. We calculated the annual extra expense for preventable ADEs in Japan as USD 329 676 760. Sensitivity analyses, considering the incidence of preventable ADEs and the length of hospital stay, showed that the expected range of annual extra expense for preventable ADEs in Japan is between USD 141 468 968 and 588 450 708.

Conclusion: Preventable ADEs caused longer hospitalization and considerable extra healthcare costs in pediatric inpatients. Our results would encourage further efforts to prevent and ameliorate preventable ADEs.

背景:药物不良事件(ADEs)是医疗保健系统的一个负担。可预防的不良事件,即由于用药错误引起的不良事件,如果能够预防或改善用药错误,则可以减少不良事件的发生。目的:探讨可预防的ade对住院时间(LOS)和费用的影响,并估算日本儿科住院患者可预防ade的全国负担。方法:我们分析了日本儿科患者不良药物事件(JADE)研究的数据,并估计了可预防的ade和相关的延长LOS的发生率。使用国家统计数据库计算了可预防的ade延长的LOS的成本,并计算了可预防的ade对国家成本过剩的影响。结果:纳入907例患者,共7377患者日。其中31例(3.4%)患者在住院期间发生了可预防的ade。在性别、年龄、病房、住院医师、住院期间手术、癌症和出生时严重畸形等因素调整后,可预防的ade显著增加了14.1天的LOS。由于延期14.1天的LOS造成的个人费用估计为8258美元。我们计算出日本每年可预防ade的额外费用为329 676 760美元。考虑可预防的ade发生率和住院时间的敏感性分析显示,日本可预防ade的年额外费用预期范围在141 468 968 ~ 588 450 708美元之间。结论:可预防的ade导致儿科住院患者住院时间延长,并增加了相当多的医疗费用。我们的结果将鼓励进一步努力预防和改善可预防的ADEs。
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引用次数: 4
Eculizumab-Associated Moraxella lacunata Bacteremia and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in a Toddler with Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. 非典型溶血性尿毒症患儿依曲单抗相关的窝状莫拉菌菌血症和全身炎症反应综合征。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-02-08 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556521992367
Paige S Bicoll, Ashima Goyal, Neal B Blatt, Bishara J Freij

Moraxella lacunata, a low-virulence Gram-negative coccobacillus, is classically associated with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract infections; systemic infections such as sepsis have rarely been reported, especially in children. We describe a 28-month-old girl with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and stage II chronic kidney disease on long-term eculizumab therapy who presented with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and was found to have Moraxella lacunata bloodstream infection. Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-C5 antibody, has been associated with susceptibility to infections with encapsulated bacteria, especially Neisseria meningitidis. This is the first report of an invasive bacterial infection with Moraxella lacunata in a pediatric eculizumab recipient.

窝状莫拉菌是一种低毒力的革兰氏阴性球芽孢杆菌,通常与结膜炎和上呼吸道感染有关;脓毒症等全身性感染很少有报道,特别是在儿童中。我们描述了一个28个月大的女孩,患有非典型溶血性尿毒症综合征和II期慢性肾脏疾病,长期接受eculizumab治疗,表现为全身炎症反应综合征,并被发现有腔隙莫拉菌血液感染。Eculizumab是一种人源化单克隆抗c5抗体,与包膜细菌感染的易感性有关,特别是脑膜炎奈瑟菌。这是首次报道在儿童依珠单抗受体中发生腔隙莫拉菌侵袭性细菌感染。
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引用次数: 3
Voiding Disorders in Pediatrician's Practice. 儿科医生实践中的排尿障碍。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2020-11-27 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556520975035
Magda Rakowska-Silska, Katarzyna Jobs, Aleksandra Paturej, Bolesław Kalicki

Voiding disorders result usually from functional disturbance. However, relevant organic diseases must be excluded prior to diagnosis of functional disorders. Additional tests, such as urinalysis or abdominal ultrasound are required. Further diagnostics is necessary in the presence of alarm symptoms, such as secondary nocturnal enuresis, weak or intermittent urine flow, systemic symptoms, glucosuria, proteinuria, leukocyturia, erythrocyturia, skin lesions in the lumbar region, altered sensations in the perineum. Functional micturition disorders were thoroughly described in 2006, and revised in 2015 by ICCS (International Children's Continence Society) and are divided into storage symptoms (increased and decreased voiding frequency, incontinence, urgency, nocturia), voiding symptoms hesitancy, straining, weak stream, intermittency, dysuria), and symptoms that cannot be assigned to any of the above groups (voiding postponement, holding maneuvers, feeling of incomplete emptying, urinary retention, post micturition dribble, spraying of the urinary stream). Functional voiding disorders are frequently associated with constipation. Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is diagnosed when lower urinary tract symptoms are accompanied by problems with defecation. Monosymptomatic enuresis is the most common voiding disorder encountered by pediatricians. It is diagnosed in children older than 5 years without any other lower urinary tract symptoms. Other types of voiding disorders such as: non-monosymptomatic enuresis, overactive and underactive bladder, voiding postponement, bladder outlet obstruction, stress or giggle incontinence, urethrovaginal reflux usually require specialized diagnostics and therapy. Treatment of all types of functional voiding disorders is based on non-pharmacological recommendations (urotherapy), and such education should be implemented by primary care pediatricians.

排尿障碍通常由功能障碍引起。然而,在诊断功能障碍之前,必须排除相关的器质性疾病。需要进行额外的检查,如尿液分析或腹部超声检查。如果出现警示症状,如继发性夜间遗尿、微弱或间歇性尿流、全身症状、血糖、蛋白尿、白细胞尿、红细胞尿、腰部皮肤病变、会阴部感觉改变等,则需要进一步诊断。排尿功能障碍是彻底的描述,2006年修订后的2015年,可以(国际儿童自制协会)和症状分为存储(增加和减少排尿的频率,尿失禁,紧迫感,夜尿症),排尿症状犹豫,紧张,弱流,间歇性,排尿困难),症状不能分配给任何上述团体(排泄推迟,举行演习,排空的感觉,尿潴留,排尿后滴、喷的尿流)。功能性排尿障碍常与便秘有关。当下尿路症状伴有排便问题时,诊断为膀胱和肠道功能障碍(BBD)。单症状性遗尿是儿科医生遇到的最常见的排尿障碍。5岁以上儿童无其他下尿路症状。其他类型的排尿障碍,如:非单症状性遗尿、膀胱过度活跃和不活跃、排尿延迟、膀胱出口阻塞、压力或咯咯声失禁、尿道阴道反流等,通常需要专门的诊断和治疗。所有类型的功能性排尿障碍的治疗都是基于非药物建议(泌尿治疗),这样的教育应该由初级保健儿科医生实施。
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引用次数: 5
Laboratory abnormalities in children with novel Coronavirus Disease 2019. 2019年新型冠状病毒病儿童的实验室异常
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2020-09-11 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556520955177
Laila Bourkhissi, Karima El Fakiri, Houda Nassih, Rabiy El Qadiry, Aicha Bourrahouat, Imane Ait Sab, Noureddine Rada, Ghizlane Draiss, Mohammed Bouskraoui

The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 continues to be a worldwide pandemic. Yet, little is still known about the biological features of this emergent infection in children. In this prospective study, we collected 68 children infected with SARS-COV-2 from March 2020 to May 2020, in Marrakesh, Morocco. No severe cases were observed in this cohort, and 66% of the patients were asymptomatic. The main laboratory abnormalities were hematological, as we found Leucopoenia in 4.4% of the cases, hyperleukocytosis in 1.6%. Neutropenia was found in 5 patients (7%) and only 2 cases (3%) had Lymphopenia. The inflammation and coagulation biomarkers were normal in the majority of the cases, as for liver and kidney function. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels were elevated in 8 cases (11.67%). The COVID-19 in children seems to have mild course and better outcome than in adults, which impacts the laboratory findings in this category. More studies must be conducted to learn more about the laboratory abnormalities in pediatric COVID-19.

2019年新型冠状病毒病继续成为全球大流行。然而,对这种儿童突发感染的生物学特征仍然知之甚少。在这项前瞻性研究中,我们收集了2020年3月至2020年5月在摩洛哥马拉喀什感染SARS-COV-2的68名儿童。在该队列中未观察到严重病例,66%的患者无症状。主要的实验室异常为血液学异常,我们发现白细胞减少率为4.4%,白细胞增多率为1.6%。中性粒细胞减少5例(7%),淋巴细胞减少2例(3%)。大多数病例的炎症和凝血生物标志物正常,肝肾功能正常。血清乳酸脱氢酶升高8例(11.67%)。与成人相比,儿童中的COVID-19似乎病程较轻,预后较好,这影响了这一类别的实验室结果。必须进行更多的研究,以更多地了解儿童COVID-19的实验室异常情况。
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引用次数: 21
期刊
Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics
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