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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Postoperative Coaptation Geometry of Left AV Valve in Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect. 超声心动图评价完全性房室间隔缺损左房室瓣术后配位几何。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565221139118
Hiroo Kinami, Kiyozo Morita, Gen Shinohara, Yoshimasa Uno

Background: We sought to determine the difference in geometric parameters in the left atrioventricular valve (LAVV) postoperative complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) compared to the normal heart, and the correlation between geometric and functional parameters for detecting the mechanism of LAVV regurgitation (LAVVR) in CAVSD.

Methods: LAVV geometric parameters based on complete and acceptable quality echocardiograms of 18 patients with repaired CAVSD compared with 17 normal controls. LAVVR severity was also quantified by indexed vena contracta (I-VC) (mm) and % jet area/left atrium area (% Jet/LA), and the correlation with LAVV parameters in the CAVSD group was investigated.

Results: In the CAVSD group, the posterior closing angle (Pc) was nearly the same as the anterior closing angle (Ac), yet in the normal heart, the Pc angle was double the Ac angle. The anterior opening angle (Ao) and posterior-to-anterior leaflet diameter ratio (a/p) in the CAVSD group was also significantly smaller. The CAVSD group also had a shorter indexed coaptation length (I-CL) and indexed tenting height (I-TH). Displacement length (ΔD) differed completely between the CAVSD and Normal groups, and also showed a strong positive correlation to the functional parameters of LAVVR (% Jet/LA: r = .70, P = .02; I-VC: r = .60, P = .02).

Conclusions: The parameters in this study were applicable to CAVSD AV valve coaptation characteristics. We introduced 2 novel measures that may provide important insights into the differences in geometry and performance of the LAVV in repaired CAVSD as compared to normal hearts.

背景:我们试图确定左房室瓣(LAVV)术后完全性房室间隔缺损(CAVSD)与正常心脏的几何参数差异,以及几何参数与功能参数之间的相关性,以检测CAVSD中LAVV反流(LAVVR)的机制。方法:对18例修复后的CAVSD患者的超声心动图进行完整、质量可接受的LAVV几何参数分析,并与17例正常对照。用指数静脉收缩(I-VC) (mm)和% jet /左心房面积(% jet /LA)量化LAVVR严重程度,并探讨CAVSD组与LAVV参数的相关性。结果:在CAVSD组中,后关角(Pc)与前关角(Ac)几乎相同,而在正常心脏中,后关角(Pc)是前关角的两倍。CAVSD组的前开角(Ao)和后前叶直径比(a/p)也明显小于CAVSD组。CAVSD组的索引覆盖长度(I-CL)和索引帐篷高度(I-TH)也较短。位移长度(ΔD)在CAVSD组和Normal组之间完全不同,并且与LAVVR功能参数(% Jet/LA: r =)呈强正相关。70, p = .02;I-VC: r =。60, p = .02)。结论:本研究参数适用于CAVSD房室瓣适配特性。我们介绍了两种新的测量方法,可以为修复后的CAVSD与正常心脏相比,LAVV的几何形状和性能差异提供重要的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Midgut Atresia: Diagnostic and Management Challenges From Northern Tanzania. 中肠闭锁:来自坦桑尼亚北部的诊断和管理挑战。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565221142810
Jay Lodhia, Hilary Chipongo, Beatrice Mathew, David Msuya, Samwel Chugulu, Rune Philemon

Intestinal obstruction is one of the most common surgical emergencies in the neonatal period. Early diagnosis is vital for proper management and good outcome. Intestinal obstruction can be divided into high, for example, duodenal atresia and jejunal atresia, or low, for example, ileal atresia, colonic atresia, and Meckel's diverticulum. The most common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates is midgut atresia. Surgical correction is needed and is a challenge in the developing countries where there is lack of pediatric surgeons, anesthesiologists, and intensive care. More research and data is also needed across countries to show the uneven distribution of the available resources.

肠梗阻是新生儿期最常见的外科急诊之一。早期诊断对于适当的治疗和良好的预后至关重要。肠梗阻可分为高位,如十二指肠闭锁、空肠闭锁,低位,如回肠闭锁、结肠闭锁、梅克尔憩室。新生儿肠梗阻最常见的原因是中肠闭锁。在缺乏儿科外科医生、麻醉师和重症监护的发展中国家,手术矫正是必要的,也是一项挑战。还需要在各国之间进行更多的研究和数据,以显示现有资源的不平衡分布。
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引用次数: 1
Neonatal Sepsis and Associated Factors Among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in General Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia 2020 埃塞俄比亚东部综合医院新生儿重症监护室新生儿脓毒症及其相关因素
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565221098346
Abdurahman Kedir Roble, Liyew Mekonen Ayehubizu, Hafsa Mohamed Olad
Introduction: Globally, the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity is neonatal sepsis, which is defined as a clinical course marked by systemic inflammation in the presence of infection in a newborn. There are limited data concerning neonatal sepsis in eastern Ethiopia. As a result, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admitted to intensive care units at general hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with retrospective document review was conducted among newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. Using simple random sampling, the charts of 356 newborns who were hospitalized between January and December 2019 were included, and data were collected using a pretested checklist. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: The overall prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 45.8% (95% CI 40.7, 51.4). Prolonged rupture of the membrane (AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: [1.27-4.45]), vaginal delivery (AOR = 1.78, 95%, CI: [1.09, 2.96]) APGAR score <7 (AOR = 4.55, 95% CI: [2.49-8.29]), prelacteal feeding (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI: [1.68-8.23]), and mechanical ventilation (AOR = 4.97,95%CI: [2.78-8.89]) were predictors associated with neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was high, and factors associated with neonatal sepsis included prolonged rupture of membrane, mode of delivery, low APGAR score, prelacteal feeding and mechanical ventilation. As a result, maternal and neonatal care should be enhanced to lower the risk of neonatal sepsis.
在全球范围内,新生儿死亡和发病的主要原因是新生儿败血症,它被定义为新生儿感染时全身性炎症的临床过程。关于埃塞俄比亚东部新生儿败血症的数据有限。因此,本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚东部综合医院重症监护病房收治的新生儿中新生儿败血症的患病率及其相关因素。方法:对在新生儿重症监护病房住院的新生儿进行以医院为基础的横断面研究和回顾性文献复习。通过简单的随机抽样,纳入了2019年1月至12月期间住院的356名新生儿的图表,并使用预测试的清单收集数据。数据录入Epi数据3.1版,使用SPSS 22版进行分析。结果:新生儿脓毒症的总患病率为45.8% (95% CI 40.7, 51.4)。胎膜破裂时间延长(AOR = 2.38, 95%CI:[1.27 ~ 4.45])、阴道分娩(AOR = 1.78, 95%CI:[1.09 ~ 2.96])、APGAR评分<7 (AOR = 4.55, 95%CI:[2.49 ~ 8.29])、乳前喂养(AOR = 3.54, 95%CI:[1.68 ~ 8.23])、机械通气(AOR = 4.97,95%CI:[2.78 ~ 8.89])是新生儿脓毒症的预测因素。结论:本研究中新生儿脓毒症患病率较高,与新生儿脓毒症相关的因素包括胎膜破裂时间延长、分娩方式、低APGAR评分、乳前喂养、机械通气等。因此,应加强孕产妇和新生儿护理,以降低新生儿败血症的风险。
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引用次数: 6
Jejunoileal Atresia in a Newborn: Our Experience From Northern Tanzania and Literature Review 新生儿空肠回肠闭锁:坦桑尼亚北部的经验及文献回顾
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565221075313
Gregory Goodluck, Marianne Gnanamuttupulle, A. Sadiq, D. Msuya, Samwel Chugulu, J. Lodhia
Jenunoileal atresia is a congenital defect that causes small bowel obstruction in newborns. They are classified into 5 types and simple abdominal x-ray can aid in the diagnosis and with prompt resuscitation and surgery provides positive outcome. We present a 5-day-old newborn male baby was presented with features of intestinal obstruction since birth. Diagnosis of atresia of the small bowel was made through plain abdominal x-ray and was successfully operated. During the recovery, the baby developed surgical site infection which was managed promptly.
肠回肠闭锁是一种先天性缺陷,可引起新生儿小肠阻塞。它们被分为5种类型,简单的腹部x线可以帮助诊断,及时复苏和手术提供积极的结果。我们提出了一个5天大的新生男婴,自出生以来就表现出肠梗阻的特征。通过腹部平片诊断小肠闭锁并成功手术。在恢复过程中,婴儿出现手术部位感染,并及时处理。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences From an Implementation Model of ARI Diagnostic Device in Pneumonia Case Management Among Under-5 Children in Peripheral Healthcare Centers in India. 印度外围医疗中心在 5 岁以下儿童肺炎病例管理中采用 ARI 诊断设备实施模式的经验。
IF 1.7 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2021-11-15 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211056649
Harish Kumar, Enisha Sarin, Prasant Saboth, Avinash Jaiswal, Nidhi Chaudhary, Jaya Swarup Mohanty, Nitin Bisht, Shailendra Singh Tomar, Anil Gupta, Ranjan Panda, Rachana Patel, Arvind Kumar, Sachin Gupta, Varun Alwadhi

Objectives: To address pneumonia, a major killer of under-5 children in India, a multimodal pulse oximeter was implemented in Health and Wellness Centers. Given the evidence of pulse oximetry in effective pneumonia management and taking into account the inadequate skills of front-line healthcare workers in case management, the device was introduced to help them readily diagnose and treat a child and to examine usability of the device.

Design: The implementation was integrated with the routine OPD of primary health centers for 15 months after healthcare workers were provided with an abridged IMNCI training. Monthly facility data was collected to examine case management with the diagnostic device. Feedback on usefulness of the device was obtained.

Setting: Health and Wellness Centers (19) of 7 states were selected in consultation with state National Health Mission based on patient footfall.

Participants: Under-5 children presenting with ARI symptoms at the OPD.

Results: Of 4846 children, 0.1% were diagnosed with severe pneumonia and 23% were diagnosed with pneumonia. As per device readings, correct referrals were made of 77.6% of cases of severe pneumonia, and 81% of pneumonia cases were correctly given antibiotics. The Pulse oximeter was highly acceptable among health workers as it helped in timely classification and treatment of pneumonia. It had no maintenance issue and battery was long-lasting.

Conclusion: Pulse oximeter implementation was doable and acceptable among health workers. Together with IMNCI training, PO in primary care settings is a feasible approach to provide equitable care to under-5 children.

目标:肺炎是印度 5 岁以下儿童的主要杀手,为解决这一问题,卫生保健中心采用了多模态脉搏血氧仪。鉴于有证据表明脉搏血氧仪可有效治疗肺炎,并考虑到一线医护人员在病例管理方面的技能不足,因此引入了该设备,以帮助他们随时诊断和治疗儿童,并检查该设备的可用性:设计:在对医护人员进行简短的 IMNCI 培训后,将该设备与初级保健中心的常规门诊结合起来,实施 15 个月。每月收集设施数据,以检查诊断设备的病例管理情况。此外,还获得了对该设备实用性的反馈意见:根据患者人流量与各州国家卫生特派团协商,选择了 7 个州的保健和健康中心(19 个):结果:在 4846 名儿童中,0.0% 的儿童患有急性呼吸道感染:在 4846 名儿童中,0.1% 被诊断为重症肺炎,23% 被诊断为肺炎。根据设备读数,77.6%的重症肺炎病例被正确转诊,81%的肺炎病例被正确使用抗生素。由于脉搏血氧仪有助于肺炎的及时分类和治疗,因此得到了医务工作者的高度认可。结论:脉搏血氧仪的实施是可行的:结论:脉搏血氧仪的使用是可行的,也是医务工作者可以接受的。结合 IMNCI 培训,在初级保健环境中使用脉搏血氧仪是为 5 岁以下儿童提供公平护理的可行方法。
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引用次数: 0
Thrombotic Microangiopathy in a Severe Pediatric Case of COVID-19. COVID-19 重型儿科病例中的血栓性微血管病变
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-10-21 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211049897
Tahir Dalkıran, Yaşar Kandur, Emine Manolya Kara, Besra Dağoğlu, Sevgin Taner, Doğan Öncü

In this case report, we report a pediatric patient with COVID-19 and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). A 3-year-old girl with fever and respiratory distress was admitted to the hospital. The patient tested positive for COVID-19 by a PCR test. As her respiratory distress increased and blood gas indicated deep respiratory acidosis on the third day of the pediatric intensive care unit follow-up, the patient was intubated and ventilated. Thorax computerized tomography (CT) showed bilateral effusion and atelectasis. During her follow-up, the pleural effusion resolved but there were marked consolidation areas and ground glass opacities compatible with COVID-19 on the follow-up CT. On the 10th day, she became anuric and developed progressive thrombocytopenia and persistent microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, which were suggestive of HUS given a high creatinine level (1.9 mg/dl), an undetectable haptoglobin level, reticulocytosis (8%), and an LDH level of 2540 U/l. Direct Coombs test returned negative. Examination of a peripheral blood smear revealed schistocytes. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was ruled out by normal INR and PTT. In the light of the available findings, we considered the patient to have thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) triggered by COVID-19. It was not a TTP-form of TMA but rather an aHUS type, based on an ADAMTS13 activity level >5%. Hence, plasmapheresis was performed with fresh frozen plasma (FFP). After 4 weeks, she became completely asymptomatic, and her hemodynamic parameters normalized. COVID-19 induced uncontrolled complement activation leading to the development of aHUS. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce morbidity and mortality since its treatment options.

在本病例报告中,我们报告了一名患有 COVID-19 和非典型溶血性尿毒症(aHUS)的儿童患者。一名 3 岁女童因发烧和呼吸困难入院。通过 PCR 检测,患者的 COVID-19 检测结果呈阳性。在儿科重症监护室随访的第三天,她的呼吸窘迫加重,血气显示深部呼吸性酸中毒,因此患者被插管通气。胸部计算机断层扫描(CT)显示双侧胸腔积液和肺不张。随访期间,胸腔积液消退,但随访CT显示有明显的合并区和磨玻璃不透光,与COVID-19相符。第 10 天,她出现了无尿、进行性血小板减少和持续性微血管病性溶血性贫血,鉴于肌酐水平较高(1.9 mg/dl)、检测不到血红蛋白水平、网织红细胞增多症(8%)和 2540 U/l 的 LDH 水平,这提示她患有 HUS。直接库姆斯氏试验结果为阴性。外周血涂片检查显示有血吸虫。INR 和 PTT 正常,排除了弥散性血管内凝血的可能。根据现有的检查结果,我们认为患者患有由 COVID-19 引发的血栓性微血管病(TMA)。根据ADAMTS13活性>5%的水平,这不是TTP型TMA,而是aHUS型。因此,医生用新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP)进行了血浆置换。4 周后,她完全失去了症状,血液动力学参数也恢复了正常。COVID-19诱导了不受控制的补体激活,从而导致了 aHUS 的发生。早期诊断和治疗可降低发病率和死亡率,因为它有多种治疗方案可供选择。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropometric Criteria for Identifying Infants Under 6 Months of Age at Risk of Morbidity and Mortality: A Systematic Review. 识别6岁以下婴儿的人体测量标准 发病率和死亡率风险的月龄:一项系统综述。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-10-21 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211049904
Christoph Hoehn, Natasha Lelijveld, Martha Mwangome, James A Berkley, Marie McGrath, Marko Kerac

Background: There is increasing global focus on small and nutritionally at-risk infants aged <6 months (<6 m). Current WHO guidelines recommend weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) for enrolment to malnutrition treatment programmes but acknowledge a weak evidence-base. This review aims to inform future guidelines by examining which anthropometric criteria best identify infants <6 m at high risk of mortality/morbidity.

Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health, Cochrane Library and POPLINE for studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries and published between 1990 and October 2020. We included studies reporting anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in infants <6 m and assessed the association with subsequent morbidity or mortality.

Results: A total of 19 studies were included in the final review, covering 20 countries, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. WLZ had poor reliability and poor prognostic ability to identify infants at risk of death. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) were better at identifying infants at risk of mortality/morbidity. MUAC-for-age z-score did not perform better than using a single MUAC cut-off. Suggested MUAC cut-offs for this age group varied by context, ranging from 10.5 to 11.5 cm. The assessment for reliability showed that length was difficult to measure, making WLZ the least reliable indicator overall.

Conclusion: Evidence from our review suggests that a change in current practice is necessary. To better identify small and nutritionally at-risk infants <6 m WAZ and/or MUAC rather than WLZ should be used. Future research should explore possible benefits for programme coverage, impact and cost-effectiveness. Research should also examine if context-specific MUAC thresholds are needed.

背景:全球越来越关注营养不良治疗计划中的z评分(WLZ)小婴儿和营养风险婴儿,但承认证据基础薄弱。这篇综述旨在通过检查哪些人体测量标准最能识别婴儿来为未来的指导方针提供信息。方法:我们搜索了Medline、EMBASE、CINAHL、Global Health、Cochrane Library和POPLINE,寻找1990年至2020年10月在中低收入国家进行的研究。我们纳入了报告婴儿营养状况人体测量评估的研究。结果:最终审查共纳入19项研究,涵盖20个国家,主要位于撒哈拉以南非洲。WLZ在识别有死亡风险的婴儿方面的可靠性和预后能力较差。上臂中围(MUAC)和年龄加权z评分(WAZ)更能识别有死亡/发病风险的婴儿。年龄z评分的MUAC并不比使用单个MUAC截止值表现得更好。该年龄组建议的MUAC截止值因环境而异,从10.5到11.5不等 对可靠性的评估表明,长度很难测量,使WLZ成为总体上最不可靠的指标。结论:我们审查的证据表明,有必要改变目前的做法。更好地识别小婴儿和营养风险婴儿
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引用次数: 11
Knowledge and Practice of Infants Exposure to Sunlight Among Lactating Mothers Attending at Yirgalem Hospital, Sidama Regional State. 在锡达马州伊尔加勒姆医院就诊的哺乳期母亲中婴儿暴露在阳光下的知识和实践。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-09-18 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211041348
Addisu Seneshaw Bezabih, Daniel Eshetu, Nigussie Yohanis, Agete Tadewos Hirigo

Background: Exposure to sunlight is vital for the synthesis of vitamin-D and vitamin D plays an important role in growth and bones strength. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of infants exposure to sunlight among lactating women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 01 to 30, 2019 among 327 infant coupled lactating mothers attended at Yirgalem General Hospital. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect relevant data through a convenient sampling technique.

Results: A total of 84.7% of respondents exposed infants to sunlight. More than 94% knew the benefit of exposing infants to sunlight. About 20.9%, 25.6%, and 19.9% of mothers exposed infants to sunlight within 15, 16 to 30, and 31 to 45 days of birth, respectively. In addition, 59.9% of respondents exposed infants to sunshine daily and 72.2% exposed without clothing the infants' body. Moreover, 63.5% of mothers have applied lubricants and overall 54.5% of mothers exposed infants to sunlight in good practice. Unemployed women were 4.7 times more likely (aOR; 95%CI: 4.7; 2.0-11.4) to expose infants to sunlight when compared to those employed, while women whose husbands have at least secondary education level were 5.1 times more likely (aOR; 95%CI: 5.1; 1.6-16.1) to expose infants to sunlight when compared to those unable to read and write.

Conclusion: More than 45% and more than one-third of lactating mothers had poor practice and exposed infants to sunlight for inadequate time, respectively. Therefore, the finding indicates a need for awareness creation to increase women's knowledge and practice toward the exposure of infants to sunlight.

背景:暴露在阳光下对维生素D的合成至关重要,而维生素D在生长和骨骼强度中起着重要作用。因此,本研究旨在评估哺乳期妇女对婴儿暴露在阳光下的知识和实践。方法:对2019年5月1日至30日在伊尔加勒姆综合医院就诊的327名婴儿偶乳母亲进行横断面研究。通过方便的抽样技术,使用访谈者管理的问卷来收集相关数据。结果:共有84.7%的受访者将婴儿暴露在阳光下。超过94%的人知道让婴儿暴露在阳光下的好处。约20.9%、25.6%和19.9%的母亲分别在婴儿出生后15天、16天至30天和31天至45天内让婴儿暴露在阳光下。此外,59.9%的受访者每天让婴儿暴露在阳光下,72.2%的受访者不穿衣服暴露在婴儿身上。此外,63.5%的母亲使用了润滑剂,总体上54.5%的母亲以良好的做法将婴儿暴露在阳光下。失业妇女的可能性是男性的4.7倍。95%置信区间:4.7;2.0-11.4),而丈夫至少有中等教育水平的妇女将婴儿暴露在阳光下的可能性是其5.1倍(aOR;95%置信区间:5.1;1.6-16.1)将婴儿暴露在阳光下,与那些不会读写的婴儿相比。结论:45%以上的哺乳期母亲和三分之一以上的哺乳期母亲做法不当,婴儿暴露在阳光下的时间不足。因此,这一发现表明,需要提高意识,以增加妇女对婴儿暴露在阳光下的知识和实践。
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引用次数: 6
Clinical and Social Characteristics of Deliberately Intoxicated Minors Treated in Pediatric Intensive Care. 在儿科重症监护室接受治疗的故意吸毒未成年人的临床和社会特征。
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-07-14 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211029258
Kinciniene Odeta, Lesinskaite Auge, Sambaras Rokas, Ramune Vankeviciene, Asta Dervinyte-Bongarzoni, Lesinskiene Sigita

Background: The aim of the study was to determine and compare the clinical and social characteristics of minors using alcohol and drugs for inebriation, and the same for those using them for suicide.

Methods: This study includes an analysis of case histories of adolescents hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit because of acute alcohol or/and drug intoxication in 2015 to 2017. Two groups (group I: inebriation, and group II: suicide) were compared on age, sex, severity of intoxication, used substances, presence of other self-harm evidence, and social status.

Results: A total of 390 cases were registered: 78.21% in Group I and 21.79% in Group II. The Glasgow-Coma-Scale scores showed that patients from Group I were more severely intoxicated, with an average score of 11.47, whereas patients from Group II averaged 13.45 (P < .001). Self-harm was more prominent among minors from Group II, with an incidence of up to 65.09%. The most common substance used to become inebriated was alcohol (72.79%), and for committing suicide was medication (88.24%). Patients who were living in children's care homes composed 13.33% of all cases included into the study, despite the low frequency of these minors in Lithuania (0.8%).

Conclusions: The substance used for deliberate intoxication was mostly alcohol. Minors experiencing inebriation were hospitalized in worse clinical condition in comparison to those who had attempted suicide. Other signs of self-harm were significantly more common among suicidal minors. Living in children's care homes is a possible risk factor for deliberate intoxication among young people in Lithuania.

研究背景本研究的目的是确定和比较未成年人因醉酒而使用酒精和药物以及因自杀而使用酒精和药物的临床和社会特征:本研究包括对2015年至2017年因急性酒精中毒或/和药物中毒而在儿科重症监护室住院的青少年病历进行分析。两组(第一组:醉酒,第二组:自杀)在年龄、性别、醉酒严重程度、使用药物、是否存在其他自残证据以及社会地位等方面进行了比较:共登记了 390 个病例:第一组占 78.21%,第二组占 21.79%。格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分显示,第一组患者的醉酒程度更严重,平均得分为 11.47,而第二组患者的平均得分为 13.45(P < .001)。自残在第二组未成年人中更为突出,发生率高达 65.09%。最常见的醉酒药物是酒精(72.79%),自杀药物是药物(88.24%)。住在儿童保育院的患者占所有研究病例的13.33%,尽管这些未成年人在立陶宛的发病率很低(0.8%):结论:故意醉酒使用的物质主要是酒精。与自杀未遂者相比,醉酒住院的未成年人临床状况更差。其他自残迹象在有自杀倾向的未成年人中更为常见。在立陶宛,住在儿童保育院可能是导致青少年故意醉酒的一个风险因素。
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引用次数: 0
Disease Burden Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Indian Pediatric Population: A Literature Review. 印度儿童呼吸道合胞病毒引起的疾病负担:文献综述
IF 1.5 Pub Date : 2021-07-06 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/11795565211029250
Canna Ghia, Gautam Rambhad

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. Globally, there is huge disease burden, high treatment cost, and health impact beyond acute episodes due to RSV which necessitate development and implementation of preventive strategies for the control of RSV infection. The disease burden due to RSV in pediatric population across India is still not clearly understood so this literature review was therefore conducted to gather data on disease burden due to RSV in Indian pediatric population. Systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Google search with different medical subject headings from 2007 to 2020. Studies performed in Indian pediatric population were selected for review. Literature review revealed that in India, epidemiology of RSV infection is well documented in young children (0-5 years) as compared to children from other age groups. The rates of RSV detection in various studies conducted in younger children (0-5 years) vary from 2.1% to 62.4% in India which is higher as compared to children from other age groups. In India, RSV mainly peaks around rainy to early winter season, that is, during months of June through October while smaller peak was noted during December, January, and February. In 2020, higher RSV-associated disease burden was reported among children (<5 years) in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Considering significant disease burden due to RSV in young Indian children, availability of RSV vaccine would be crucial to prevent RSV infections in children and its spread in the community.

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是幼儿下呼吸道感染的主要原因之一。在全球范围内,由于RSV引起的疾病负担巨大,治疗费用高,健康影响超出急性发作,因此需要制定和实施控制RSV感染的预防战略。印度儿童RSV引起的疾病负担尚不清楚,因此本文献综述旨在收集印度儿童RSV引起的疾病负担数据。利用PubMed和Google检索系统检索2007 - 2020年不同医学主题词的文献。选择在印度儿科人群中进行的研究进行回顾。文献综述显示,在印度,与其他年龄组的儿童相比,幼儿(0-5岁)的呼吸道合胞病毒感染流行病学有很好的记录。在印度对年龄较小的儿童(0-5岁)进行的各种研究中,呼吸道合胞病毒的检出率从2.1%到62.4%不等,与其他年龄组的儿童相比要高。在印度,RSV主要在雨季至初冬(即6月至10月)出现高峰,而在12月、1月和2月出现较小的高峰。据报告,2020年儿童中rsv相关疾病负担较高(
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics
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