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Evaluation of Neonatal Transport in Western Switzerland: A Model of Perinatal Regionalization. 瑞士西部新生儿运输评估:围产期区域化模型。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2017-05-17 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556517709021
Caitriona Gilleece McEvoy, Emilienne Descloux, Mirjam Schuler Barazzoni, Corinne Stadelmann Diaw, Jean-François Tolsa, Matthias Roth-Kleiner

Neonatal transport is an essential part of regionalization for highly specialized neonatal intensive care. This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on neonatal transport activity in a large Swiss perinatal network more than 1 year, aimed to quantify this activity, to identify the needs for staff, and the demands regarding know-how and equipment. Of the 565 admissions to the tertiary neonatology clinic, 176 (31.2%) were outborn patients, transported as emergencies to the level III unit. In 71.6% of cases, respiratory insufficiency was one of the reasons for transfer. Circadian and weekly distribution showed increased transport activity on workdays between 8 am and 10 pm, but regular demands for emergency transports regardless of the time frame require a neonatal transport team available 24/7. This study highlights the importance of neonatal transport and unveils several functional and infrastructural insufficiencies, which led to suggestions for improvement.

新生儿运输是高度专业化的新生儿重症监护区域化的重要组成部分。本研究回顾性分析了瑞士一个大型围产期网络1年多来前瞻性收集的新生儿转运活动数据,旨在量化这一活动,确定对工作人员的需求,以及对专业知识和设备的需求。在三级新生儿门诊的565名入院患者中,176名(31.2%)为早产患者,作为急诊被送往三级病房。71.6%的病例中,呼吸功能不全是转移的原因之一。昼夜节律和每周分布表明,工作日上午8点至晚上10点之间的运输活动增加,但无论何时对紧急运输的常规需求都需要新生儿运输小组全天候待命。这项研究强调了新生儿运输的重要性,并揭示了几个功能和基础设施的不足,从而提出了改进建议。
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引用次数: 16
Congenital Hepatic Cyst. 先天性肝囊肿。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2017-04-10 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556517702853
Aldo Recinos, Tarik Zahouani, Juan Guillen, Benamanahalli Rajegowda

Congenital hepatic cyst is a rare and nonsymptomatic condition in infants and children. Its incidence is 2.5% in the postnatal life with a much lower incidence in the prenatal period. Incidental finding on antenatal imaging is the most common presentation. We present a case of a newborn in whom fetal ultrasound detected a cyst within the fetal liver. Postnatal imaging revealed a liver cyst in the right lobe of the liver, with no other intrahepatic structure affected. Liver function tests were abnormal, but the patient was asymptomatic. Posterior follow-up imaging showed a minor decrease in size. Management of congenital hepatic cyst is usually conservative, done with periodic ultrasound monitoring. However, surgical treatment is the mainstay of treatment when hydrops, progressive enlargement, hemorrhage, torsion, or compression of adjacent structures occurs. Malignant transformation can occur, but it is extremely rare. Partial or total removal of the cyst is the preferred treatment in neonates with a large lesion.

先天性肝囊肿是一种罕见且无症状的婴儿和儿童疾病。其在产后生活中的发病率为2.5%,在产前的发病率要低得多。在产前影像学上偶然发现是最常见的表现。我们提出一个新生儿的情况下,胎儿超声检测到一个囊肿内的胎儿肝脏。出生后影像学显示肝右叶有肝囊肿,肝内其他结构未受影响。肝功能检查异常,但患者无症状。后路随访影像显示尺寸轻微减小。先天性肝囊肿的治疗通常是保守的,并定期进行超声监测。然而,当邻近结构发生水肿、进行性扩大、出血、扭转或压迫时,手术治疗是主要的治疗方法。可发生恶性转化,但极为罕见。部分或全部切除囊肿是有较大病变的新生儿的首选治疗方法。
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引用次数: 10
Association Between Early Idiopathic Neonatal Jaundice and Urinary Tract Infections. 早期特发性新生儿黄疸与尿路感染的关系。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2017-03-30 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556517701118
Murat Özcan, S Ümit Sarici, Yüksel Yurdugül, Melis Akpinar, Demet Altun, Begüm Özcan, Muhittin A Serdar, Dilek Sarici

Background and purpose: Etiologic role, incidence, demographic, and response-to-treatment characteristics of urinary tract infection (UTI) among neonates, its relationship with significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and abnormalities of the urinary system were studied in a prospective investigation in early (⩽10 days) idiopathic neonatal jaundice in which all other etiologic factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were ruled out.

Patients and methods: Urine samples for microscopic and bacteriologic examination were obtained with bladder catheterization from 155 newborns with early neonatal jaundice. Newborns with a negative urine culture and with a positive urine culture were defined as group I and group II, respectively, and the 2 groups were compared with each other.

Results: The incidence of UTI in whole of the study group was 16.7%. Serum total and direct bilirubin levels were statistically significantly higher in group II when compared with group I (P = .005 and P = .001, respectively). Decrease in serum total bilirubin level at the 24th hour of phototherapy was statistically significantly higher in group I compared with group II (P = .022).

Conclusions: Urinary tract infection should be investigated in the etiologic evaluation of newborns with significant hyperbilirubinemia. The possibility of UTI should be considered in jaundiced newborns who do not respond to phototherapy well or have a prolonged duration of phototherapy treatment.

背景和目的:在排除新生儿高胆红素血症的所有其他病因的早期(≥10天)特发性新生儿黄疸的前瞻性调查中,研究了新生儿尿路感染(UTI)的病因学作用、发病率、人口统计学和对治疗的反应特征,及其与新生儿高胆红素血症的关系,以及泌尿系统的异常。患者与方法:对155例早期新生儿黄疸患者行膀胱置管取尿镜检及细菌学检查。将尿培养阴性和尿培养阳性新生儿分别定义为I组和II组,并将两组进行比较。结果:整个研究组尿路感染发生率为16.7%。血清总胆红素和直接胆红素水平II组高于I组,差异有统计学意义(P = 0.005、P = 0.001)。光疗24 h血清总胆红素水平下降I组高于II组,差异有统计学意义(P = 0.022)。结论:在新生儿显著高胆红素血症的病因评估中应考虑尿路感染。对光疗反应不佳或光疗持续时间较长的黄疸新生儿应考虑尿路感染的可能性。
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引用次数: 16
Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. 沙特阿拉伯Tabuk地区纯母乳喂养的影响因素
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2017-03-10 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556517698136
Riyadh A Alzaheb

Background: Breast milk contains all the nutrients infants need for their first 6 months of life. However, only a minority of Saudi Arabian mothers exclusively breastfeed, so the influencing factors must be examined to encourage more to do so. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and its associated factors in Tabuk, North West Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A total of 589 mothers of healthy infants aged between 6 and 24 months were interviewed while attending Well-Baby Clinics within 5 primary health care centers. Interviews deployed a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic information and detailed data concerning breastfeeding practices. A logistic regression analysis was then performed on the data to identify the factors independently associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice for infants at 6 months.

Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by 31.4% of mothers for the first 6 months of their infant's life. The logistic regressions indicated that exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months was less likely to be practiced by working mothers, Saudi nationals, and for babies born via cesarean delivery or at low birth weights. Conversely, the mother's awareness of the recommended exclusive breastfeeding duration was positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding.

Conclusions: Programs promoting 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding should target high-risk groups. Two factors identified by this study are modifiable: working mothers and mothers' awareness of the exclusive breastfeeding duration recommendation. Strategies to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates should therefore focus on workplace facilities and increasing awareness of the exclusive breastfeeding recommendation.

背景:母乳含有婴儿生命最初6个月所需的所有营养。然而,只有少数沙特阿拉伯母亲完全母乳喂养,因此必须检查影响因素,以鼓励更多的人这样做。该研究旨在确定沙特阿拉伯西北部Tabuk地区6个月纯母乳喂养的流行程度及其相关因素。方法:在5个初级卫生保健中心的Well-Baby诊所共采访了589名6至24个月健康婴儿的母亲。访谈采用结构化问卷,收集有关母乳喂养做法的社会人口统计信息和详细数据。然后对数据进行逻辑回归分析,以确定与6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养实践独立相关的因素。结果:31.4%的母亲在婴儿生命的前6个月实行纯母乳喂养。logistic回归表明,职业母亲、沙特国民以及通过剖宫产或低出生体重出生的婴儿在6个月时进行纯母乳喂养的可能性较小。相反,母亲对推荐的纯母乳喂养时间的认识与纯母乳喂养呈正相关。结论:提倡6个月纯母乳喂养的计划应该针对高危人群。本研究确定的两个因素是可以改变的:职业母亲和母亲对纯母乳喂养时间建议的认识。因此,提高纯母乳喂养率的战略应侧重于工作场所设施和提高对纯母乳喂养建议的认识。
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引用次数: 63
Relationship Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Lower Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Narrative Review of Published Evidence. 纯母乳喂养与儿童肥胖风险降低之间的关系:对已发表证据的述评
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2017-02-16 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179556517690196
Samuel N Uwaezuoke, Chizoma I Eneh, Ikenna K Ndu

Background: The pattern of infant feeding during the first 1000-day period-from conception to the second birthday-has a significant influence on the child's growth trajectory. The relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and lower risk of childhood obesity has elicited much scientific interest, given the fact that this form of malnutrition is becoming a global epidemic.

Aim: This narrative review aims to examine the evidence in the literature linking exclusive breastfeeding with reduction in obesity in children.

Literature search: Using appropriate search terms, PubMed database was searched for relevant articles that met the review objective.

Results: Evidence for the protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against childhood obesity have been provided by studies which explored 5 physiologic mechanisms and those that established the causality between breastfeeding and lower risk of obesity. The few studies that disputed this relationship highlighted the influence of confounding factors. A new insight on molecular mechanisms, however, points to a direct and indirect effect of human milk oligosaccharides on the prevention of overweight and obesity.

Conclusions: The preponderance of current evidence strongly suggests that exclusivity in breastfeeding can prevent the development of obesity in children.

背景:婴儿从受孕到第二个生日的前1000天喂养模式对儿童的生长轨迹有显著影响。纯母乳喂养与儿童肥胖风险较低之间的关系引起了很大的科学兴趣,因为这种形式的营养不良正在成为一种全球流行病。目的:这篇叙述性综述的目的是研究文献中的证据,将纯母乳喂养与儿童肥胖的减少联系起来。文献检索:使用合适的检索词在PubMed数据库中检索符合综述目标的相关文章。结果:纯母乳喂养对儿童肥胖有保护作用的证据已被研究提供,这些研究探索了5种生理机制,并确立了母乳喂养与较低肥胖风险之间的因果关系。少数对这种关系提出质疑的研究强调了混杂因素的影响。然而,一项关于分子机制的新见解指出了母乳低聚糖对预防超重和肥胖的直接和间接作用。结论:目前的大量证据强烈表明,纯母乳喂养可以预防儿童肥胖的发展。
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引用次数: 68
Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Infants and Children with Sepsis-Related Conditions with or without Acute Renal Dysfunction. 伴有或不伴有急性肾功能不全的败血症相关疾病的婴儿和儿童血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂钙素
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2016-08-08 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMPed.S39452
Mohammed Farouk M Afify, Sheren Esam Maher, Nora Mohamed Ibrahim, Waleed Mahamoud Abd El-Hamied

Purpose: To validate serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as an early biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis-related conditions and its predictive and prognostic values.

Patients and methods: This study included 65 patients, who were clinically evaluated for sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock, and 20 apparently healthy served as controls. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (AKI-sepsis): 65 newly admitted patients diagnosed as sepsis, who were further divided into three subgroups according to the severity: systemic inflammatory response syndrome, severe sepsis, and septic shock, and Group II (control group): 20 apparently healthy subjects matched for age and sex, serum creatinine and serum NGAL concentrations were estimated initially within 24 hours of admission and after 72 hours of admission in all patients and control groups.

Results: Serum NGAL increased significantly with increasing severity of renal impairment. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis suggested that serum NGAL cutoff value of 40 ng/mL within the first 24 hours of admission is highly specific and sensitive for predicting AKI, with sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 75.8%.

Conclusion: We concluded that early measurement of serum NGAL level in sepsis can serve as a clinically useful marker for early prediction of AKI and for grading of its severity.

目的:验证血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂钙蛋白(NGAL)作为败血症相关疾病急性肾损伤(AKI)的早期生物标志物及其预测和预后价值。患者和方法:本研究包括65例临床评估为败血症、严重败血症或感染性休克的患者,20例表面健康的患者作为对照。将患者分为两组:第一组(aki -脓毒症):65例确诊为脓毒症的新入院患者,根据严重程度分为全身炎症反应综合征、严重脓毒症、脓毒症休克3个亚组;第二组(对照组):在所有患者和对照组中,20名年龄和性别匹配的明显健康受试者,在入院24小时内和入院72小时后测定血清肌酐和血清NGAL浓度。结果:血清NGAL随肾功能损害程度的增加而显著升高。受体工作特征分析提示,入院前24小时血清NGAL临界值40 ng/mL对预测AKI具有高度特异性和敏感性,敏感性为90.9%,特异性为75.8%。结论:我们得出结论,脓毒症患者早期检测血清NGAL水平可作为早期预测AKI及其严重程度分级的临床有用指标。
{"title":"Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Infants and Children with Sepsis-Related Conditions with or without Acute Renal Dysfunction.","authors":"Mohammed Farouk M Afify,&nbsp;Sheren Esam Maher,&nbsp;Nora Mohamed Ibrahim,&nbsp;Waleed Mahamoud Abd El-Hamied","doi":"10.4137/CMPed.S39452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMPed.S39452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To validate serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as an early biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis-related conditions and its predictive and prognostic values.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This study included 65 patients, who were clinically evaluated for sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock, and 20 apparently healthy served as controls. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (AKI-sepsis): 65 newly admitted patients diagnosed as sepsis, who were further divided into three subgroups according to the severity: systemic inflammatory response syndrome, severe sepsis, and septic shock, and Group II (control group): 20 apparently healthy subjects matched for age and sex, serum creatinine and serum NGAL concentrations were estimated initially within 24 hours of admission and after 72 hours of admission in all patients and control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum NGAL increased significantly with increasing severity of renal impairment. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis suggested that serum NGAL cutoff value of 40 ng/mL within the first 24 hours of admission is highly specific and sensitive for predicting AKI, with sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 75.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We concluded that early measurement of serum NGAL level in sepsis can serve as a clinically useful marker for early prediction of AKI and for grading of its severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45027,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics","volume":"10 ","pages":"85-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/CMPed.S39452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34324940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Antenatal and Postnatal Aspects. 宫内生长受限:产前和产后方面。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2016-07-14 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMPed.S40070
Deepak Sharma, Sweta Shastri, Pradeep Sharma

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of fetal growth that is less than normal in light of the growth potential of that specific infant. Usually, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) are used interchangeably in literature, even though there exist minute differences between them. SGA has been defined as having birth weight less than two standard deviations below the mean or less than the 10th percentile of a population-specific birth weight for specific gestational age. These infants have many acute neonatal problems that include perinatal asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia. The likely long-term complications that are prone to develop when IUGR infants grow up includes growth retardation, major and subtle neurodevelopmental handicaps, and developmental origin of health and disease. In this review, we have covered various antenatal and postnatal aspects of IUGR.

宫内生长受限(IUGR)是由于各种原因造成的一种疾病,是导致胎儿和新生儿发病和死亡的重要原因。它被定义为胎儿的生长速度低于正常婴儿的生长潜力。通常,IUGR 和小于胎龄儿(SGA)在文献中交替使用,尽管两者之间存在细微差别。SGA 被定义为出生体重低于平均值两个标准差或低于特定胎龄人群出生体重第 10 百分位数。这些婴儿有许多急性新生儿问题,包括围产期窒息、低体温、低血糖和多血症。IUGR 婴儿长大后可能出现的长期并发症包括生长发育迟缓、重大和细微的神经发育障碍以及健康和疾病的发育起源。本综述涵盖了 IUGR 的产前和产后各方面。
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引用次数: 0
One Center's Guide to Outpatient Management of Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Acute Pulmonary Exacerbation. 一个中心的小儿囊性纤维化急性肺部恶化门诊治疗指南》。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2016-07-12 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMPed.S38336
Corinne A Muirhead, Jillian N Sanford, Benjamin G McCullar, Dawn Nolt, Kelvin D MacDonald

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disorder characterized by acute pulmonary exacerbations that comprise increased cough, chest congestion, increased mucus production, shortness of breath, weight loss, and fatigue. Typically, severe episodes are treated in the inpatient setting and include intravenous antimicrobials, airway clearance therapy, and nutritional support. Children with less-severe findings can often be managed as outpatients with oral antimicrobials and increased airway clearance therapy at home without visiting the specialty CF center to begin treatment. Selection of specific antimicrobial agents is dependent on pathogens found in surveillance culture, activity of an agent in patients with CF, and the unique physiology of these patients. In this pediatric review, we present our practice for defining acute pulmonary exacerbation, deciding treatment location, initiating treatment either in-person or remotely, determining the frequency of airway clearance, selecting antimicrobial therapy, recommending timing for follow-up visit, and recognizing and managing treatment failures.

囊性纤维化(CF)是一种慢性疾病,以急性肺部恶化为特征,包括咳嗽加重、胸部充血、粘液分泌增多、呼吸急促、体重减轻和疲劳。通常情况下,病情严重的患者需要住院治疗,包括静脉注射抗菌素、气道清理疗法和营养支持。病情较轻的患儿通常可在门诊接受口服抗菌药物和在家加强气道通畅治疗,而无需前往 CF 专科中心开始治疗。特定抗菌药的选择取决于监测培养中发现的病原体、抗菌药在 CF 患者体内的活性以及这些患者的独特生理机能。在这篇儿科综述中,我们介绍了我们在以下方面的做法:定义急性肺部恶化、决定治疗地点、亲自或远程开始治疗、确定气道清理频率、选择抗菌药物治疗、建议复诊时间以及识别和处理治疗失败。
{"title":"One Center's Guide to Outpatient Management of Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Acute Pulmonary Exacerbation.","authors":"Corinne A Muirhead, Jillian N Sanford, Benjamin G McCullar, Dawn Nolt, Kelvin D MacDonald","doi":"10.4137/CMPed.S38336","DOIUrl":"10.4137/CMPed.S38336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disorder characterized by acute pulmonary exacerbations that comprise increased cough, chest congestion, increased mucus production, shortness of breath, weight loss, and fatigue. Typically, severe episodes are treated in the inpatient setting and include intravenous antimicrobials, airway clearance therapy, and nutritional support. Children with less-severe findings can often be managed as outpatients with oral antimicrobials and increased airway clearance therapy at home without visiting the specialty CF center to begin treatment. Selection of specific antimicrobial agents is dependent on pathogens found in surveillance culture, activity of an agent in patients with CF, and the unique physiology of these patients. In this pediatric review, we present our practice for defining acute pulmonary exacerbation, deciding treatment location, initiating treatment either in-person or remotely, determining the frequency of airway clearance, selecting antimicrobial therapy, recommending timing for follow-up visit, and recognizing and managing treatment failures. </p>","PeriodicalId":45027,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics","volume":"10 ","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34740102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification and Treatment of Pathophysiological Comorbidities of Autism Spectrum Disorder to Achieve Optimal Outcomes. 识别和治疗自闭症谱系障碍的病理生理合并症以达到最佳结果。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2016-06-15 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMPed.S38337
Richard E Frye, Daniel A Rossignol

Despite the fact that the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to rise, no effective medical treatments have become standard of care. In this paper we review some of the pathophysiological abnormalities associated with ASD and their potential associated treatments. Overall, there is evidence for some children with ASD being affected by seizure and epilepsy, neurotransmitter dysfunction, sleep disorders, metabolic abnormalities, including abnormalities in folate, cobalamin, tetrahydrobiopterin, carnitine, redox and mitochondrial metabolism, and immune and gastrointestinal disorders. Although evidence for an association between these pathophysiological abnormalities and ASD exists, the exact relationship to the etiology of ASD and its associated symptoms remains to be further defined in many cases. Despite these limitations, treatments targeting some of these pathophysiological abnormalities have been studied in some cases with high-quality studies, whereas treatments for other pathophysiological abnormalities have not been well studied in many cases. There are some areas of more promising treatments specific for ASD including neurotransmitter abnormalities, particularly imbalances in glutamate and acetylcholine, sleep onset disorder (with behavioral therapy and melatonin), and metabolic abnormalities in folate, cobalamin, tetrahydrobiopterin, carnitine, and redox pathways. There is some evidence for treatments of epilepsy and seizures, mitochondrial and immune disorders, and gastrointestinal abnormalities, particularly imbalances in the enteric microbiome, but further clinical studies are needed in these areas to better define treatments specific to children with ASD. Clearly, there are some promising areas of ASD research that could lead to novel treatments that could become standard of care in the future, but more research is needed to better define subgroups of children with ASD who are affected by specific pathophysiological abnormalities and the optimal treatments for these abnormalities.

尽管自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的患病率持续上升,但没有有效的医学治疗方法成为标准的护理方法。在本文中,我们回顾了一些与ASD相关的病理生理异常及其潜在的相关治疗。总体而言,有证据表明,一些自闭症儿童受到癫痫发作和癫痫、神经递质功能障碍、睡眠障碍、代谢异常(包括叶酸、钴胺素、四氢生物蝶呤、肉碱、氧化还原和线粒体代谢异常)以及免疫和胃肠道疾病的影响。虽然有证据表明这些病理生理异常与ASD之间存在关联,但在许多情况下,与ASD病因及其相关症状的确切关系仍有待进一步确定。尽管存在这些局限性,针对某些病理生理异常的治疗方法已经在一些病例中进行了高质量的研究,而针对其他病理生理异常的治疗方法在许多病例中还没有得到很好的研究。有一些针对ASD的更有前景的治疗领域包括神经递质异常,特别是谷氨酸和乙酰胆碱失衡,睡眠障碍(使用行为治疗和褪黑激素),叶酸、钴胺素、四氢生物蝶呤、肉碱和氧化还原途径的代谢异常。有一些证据表明治疗癫痫和癫痫发作、线粒体和免疫疾病以及胃肠道异常,特别是肠道微生物群失衡,但需要在这些领域进行进一步的临床研究,以更好地确定针对自闭症儿童的治疗方法。显然,ASD研究有一些有前景的领域,可能会导致新的治疗方法,并在未来成为标准的治疗方法,但需要更多的研究来更好地定义受特定病理生理异常影响的ASD儿童亚群,以及针对这些异常的最佳治疗方法。
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引用次数: 79
Universal Pulse Oximetry Screening for Early Detection of Critical Congenital Heart Disease. 通用脉搏血氧仪筛查早期发现危重先天性心脏病。
IF 1.5 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2016-06-01 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMPed.S33086
Praveen Kumar

Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a major cause of infant death and morbidity worldwide. An early diagnosis and timely intervention can significantly reduce the likelihood of an adverse outcome. However, studies from the United States and other developed countries have shown that as many as 30%-50% of infants with CCHD are discharged after birth without being identified. This diagnostic gap is likely to be even higher in low-resource countries. Several large randomized trials have shown that the use of universal pulse-oximetry screening (POS) at the time of discharge from birth hospital can help in early diagnosis of these infants. The objective of this review is to share data to show that the use of POS for early detection of CCHD meets the criteria necessary for inclusion to the universal newborn screening panel and could be adopted worldwide.

重症先天性心脏病(CCHD)是世界范围内婴儿死亡和发病的主要原因。早期诊断和及时干预可以显著降低不良后果的可能性。然而,美国等发达国家的研究表明,多达30%-50%的CCHD婴儿在出生后未被确诊出院。在资源匮乏的国家,这种诊断差距可能更大。几项大型随机试验表明,在出生医院出院时使用通用脉搏血氧仪筛查(POS)有助于这些婴儿的早期诊断。本综述的目的是分享数据,以表明使用POS进行CCHD的早期检测符合纳入新生儿普遍筛查小组的必要标准,并且可以在全球范围内采用。
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引用次数: 22
期刊
Clinical Medicine Insights-Pediatrics
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