Jesús Barrena-González, Javier Lozano‐Parra, Alberto Alfonso-Torreño, C. Lozano-Fondón, Mohamed Amine Abdennour, A. Cerdà, Manuel Pulido-Fernández
Abstract Chestnut cultivation is a type of traditional centennial exploitation in southern areas of Extremadura. Currently, chestnut is in danger of extinction due to the effects of climate change, some diseases (e.g. Cryphonectria parasitica) and land mismanagement. The high temporal variability of rainfall leads to soil erosion in chestnut cultivation. New forms of management are proposed to try, among other things, to reduce soil losses. This study quantifies soil losses in areas under tree canopies and open areas considering two different age plantations; 1990s and 1960s. To achieve the proposed goal 18 erosion plots were installed as paired plots under tree canopies and open areas in both plantations. The total amount of rainfall per event, tree cover, bare soil, runoff coefficient and sediment concentration were also measured in every plot. The results showed that the highest percentage of bare soil (> 45%) coincides with the period of greatest tree cover (> 75%). The open areas and the youngest plantation showed soil losses higher than the areas under the tree and the oldest plantation. In addition, soil losses increase as higher percentages of bare soil are recorded. We conclude that the size of the trees and a better soil stability in older plantations help reduce soil losses.
{"title":"Soil erosion in Mediterranean chestnut tree plantations at risk due to climate change and land abandonment","authors":"Jesús Barrena-González, Javier Lozano‐Parra, Alberto Alfonso-Torreño, C. Lozano-Fondón, Mohamed Amine Abdennour, A. Cerdà, Manuel Pulido-Fernández","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chestnut cultivation is a type of traditional centennial exploitation in southern areas of Extremadura. Currently, chestnut is in danger of extinction due to the effects of climate change, some diseases (e.g. Cryphonectria parasitica) and land mismanagement. The high temporal variability of rainfall leads to soil erosion in chestnut cultivation. New forms of management are proposed to try, among other things, to reduce soil losses. This study quantifies soil losses in areas under tree canopies and open areas considering two different age plantations; 1990s and 1960s. To achieve the proposed goal 18 erosion plots were installed as paired plots under tree canopies and open areas in both plantations. The total amount of rainfall per event, tree cover, bare soil, runoff coefficient and sediment concentration were also measured in every plot. The results showed that the highest percentage of bare soil (> 45%) coincides with the period of greatest tree cover (> 75%). The open areas and the youngest plantation showed soil losses higher than the areas under the tree and the oldest plantation. In addition, soil losses increase as higher percentages of bare soil are recorded. We conclude that the size of the trees and a better soil stability in older plantations help reduce soil losses.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"85 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42124650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Gömöry, D. Krajmerová, Matúš Hrivnák, R. Longauer
Abstract Climate change is currently perceived as the most important challenge faced globally by ecosystems and human society. The predicted changes of temperature and precipitation patterns are expected to alter the environmental conditions to which forest trees in Europe are adapted, and expose them to new pests and pathogens. This would unavoidably lead to a huge loss of ecosystem services provided to society, and at the local scale may potentially endanger the very existence of forests. In this study, we reviewed biological background and limits of mechanisms by which tree populations may cope with climate change: adaptation by natural selection, gene flow, epigenetic phenomena and phenotypic plasticity, as well as forest management strategies, which rely on these mechanisms. We argue that maintaining genetic diversity is important in the long-term view but natural selection cannot ensure sufficiently rapid response to environmental change. On the other hand, epigenetic memory effects may change adaptively relevant traits within a single generation, while close-to-nature forestry practices are the basic requirement to make use of epigenetics. Assisted migration, as a frequently suggested mitigation option, relies primarily on the knowledge gained from provenance research; the review analyses potential pitfalls of this strategy. We suggest that all approaches, i.e., leaving a part of forests without management, close-to-nature forestry, and transfer of forest reproductive materials from sources presumably adapted to future climates are combined across the landscape in an integrative manner.
{"title":"Assisted migration vs. close-to-nature forestry: what are the prospects for tree populations under climate change?","authors":"D. Gömöry, D. Krajmerová, Matúš Hrivnák, R. Longauer","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is currently perceived as the most important challenge faced globally by ecosystems and human society. The predicted changes of temperature and precipitation patterns are expected to alter the environmental conditions to which forest trees in Europe are adapted, and expose them to new pests and pathogens. This would unavoidably lead to a huge loss of ecosystem services provided to society, and at the local scale may potentially endanger the very existence of forests. In this study, we reviewed biological background and limits of mechanisms by which tree populations may cope with climate change: adaptation by natural selection, gene flow, epigenetic phenomena and phenotypic plasticity, as well as forest management strategies, which rely on these mechanisms. We argue that maintaining genetic diversity is important in the long-term view but natural selection cannot ensure sufficiently rapid response to environmental change. On the other hand, epigenetic memory effects may change adaptively relevant traits within a single generation, while close-to-nature forestry practices are the basic requirement to make use of epigenetics. Assisted migration, as a frequently suggested mitigation option, relies primarily on the knowledge gained from provenance research; the review analyses potential pitfalls of this strategy. We suggest that all approaches, i.e., leaving a part of forests without management, close-to-nature forestry, and transfer of forest reproductive materials from sources presumably adapted to future climates are combined across the landscape in an integrative manner.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"63 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48887230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) has higher tolerance to dry periods and to lower soil nutrient content. It seems to be more resistant to tracheomycosis and therefore it should be considered as a promising species on selected forest sites. The research plots are situated in the Louny region with significant rainfall deficit; good model area for future expected climatic changes. New plantation of northern red oak and sessile oak on together 10 subplots with 500 plants were measured between 2015 and 2019. Results proved significant level (α = 0.05) of better height growth of northern red oak as well as higher resistance to dry periods (lower mortality). Lang’s Rain Factor proved to be a good indicator of difficult climatic condition during growing seasons and therefore could be used for realistic evaluation of possible success or failure of artificial regeneration.
{"title":"Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) as a species suitable for the upcoming seasons with frequent dry periods","authors":"I. Kupka, Lenka Vopálka-Melicharová","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) has higher tolerance to dry periods and to lower soil nutrient content. It seems to be more resistant to tracheomycosis and therefore it should be considered as a promising species on selected forest sites. The research plots are situated in the Louny region with significant rainfall deficit; good model area for future expected climatic changes. New plantation of northern red oak and sessile oak on together 10 subplots with 500 plants were measured between 2015 and 2019. Results proved significant level (α = 0.05) of better height growth of northern red oak as well as higher resistance to dry periods (lower mortality). Lang’s Rain Factor proved to be a good indicator of difficult climatic condition during growing seasons and therefore could be used for realistic evaluation of possible success or failure of artificial regeneration.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"103 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44294716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Andreieva, O. Korma, O. Zhytova, I. Martynchuk, A. Vyshnevskyi
Abstract This study focused on the occurrence of xylophagous beetles and nematodes in the different parts of Pinus sylvestris L. trees of different health condition in the pure stands in Zhytomyr region (Central Polissya). Stem fragments with thin, thick and transitional bark, branches and twigs were examined in each of 12 model trees. Xylophagous beetles were identified by adults or by galleries. Nematodes were isolated from wood samples in the laboratory using the Baermann method and identified by morphometric characteristics. Among 10 species of xylophagous beetles, Ips acuminatus (frequency 16.7%; dominance 17.9%) and I. sexdentatus (frequency 11.1%, dominance 54.6%) dominated, which prefer the fragments with thin and thick bark respectively. No xylophagous beetle was found in the healthy and slightly weakened trees. Among 15 nematode species, 40% were saproxylic, 33.3% entomophilic, 13.3% phytophagous, and by 6.7% predators and species associated with fungi. An entomophilic nematodes Cryptaphelenchus macrogaster f. acuminati was common in all parts of stem and branches (frequency of occurrence 25–33.3%). An entomophilic nematodes Parasitorhabditis acuminati and a predator Fuchsia buetschlii acuminati had the highest frequency of occurrence (41.7%) under the thin bark and in the branches. The frequency of these species in colonized with xylophagous insects stem fragments with thin bark was significantly higher than in respective not colonized fragments.
{"title":"Beetles and nematodes associated with wither Scots pines","authors":"O. Andreieva, O. Korma, O. Zhytova, I. Martynchuk, A. Vyshnevskyi","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focused on the occurrence of xylophagous beetles and nematodes in the different parts of Pinus sylvestris L. trees of different health condition in the pure stands in Zhytomyr region (Central Polissya). Stem fragments with thin, thick and transitional bark, branches and twigs were examined in each of 12 model trees. Xylophagous beetles were identified by adults or by galleries. Nematodes were isolated from wood samples in the laboratory using the Baermann method and identified by morphometric characteristics. Among 10 species of xylophagous beetles, Ips acuminatus (frequency 16.7%; dominance 17.9%) and I. sexdentatus (frequency 11.1%, dominance 54.6%) dominated, which prefer the fragments with thin and thick bark respectively. No xylophagous beetle was found in the healthy and slightly weakened trees. Among 15 nematode species, 40% were saproxylic, 33.3% entomophilic, 13.3% phytophagous, and by 6.7% predators and species associated with fungi. An entomophilic nematodes Cryptaphelenchus macrogaster f. acuminati was common in all parts of stem and branches (frequency of occurrence 25–33.3%). An entomophilic nematodes Parasitorhabditis acuminati and a predator Fuchsia buetschlii acuminati had the highest frequency of occurrence (41.7%) under the thin bark and in the branches. The frequency of these species in colonized with xylophagous insects stem fragments with thin bark was significantly higher than in respective not colonized fragments.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"49 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41692465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The goal of the present research is to analyze parameters of a bundle of logs for various models of forwarders in the Pryazha division of forestry of the Republic of Karelia. The investigated parameters were mass and volume of a bundle of logs, stacking factor of the bundle and the number of wood assortments in the bundle. The following models of forwarders have been investigated: John Deere 1210E, John Deere 1110E, Ponsse Elk, Ponsse Wisent, Amkodor 2661-01, Rottne F13D, Rottne F15D, Rottne F18D. We estimated the parameters of bundles formed from spruce sawlog 6.1 m long and bundles formed from spruce pulpwood 4 m long. Data on stem forms from harvester recorders have been collected to assess the parameters of a bundle of logs. Parameters of bundles have been determined based on computer experiment. The experiment consists of the following steps: random selection of the stem from the database; simulation of the cut-to-length process; simulation of log stacking process; calculation of parameters of a bundle of logs. We found that parameters of bundles vary to a quite substantial extent. Average variability of a bundle of logs formed of 6.1 m long spruce sawlog is 4.5 t, variability of the volume is 5.8 m3, and variability of the number of wood assortments in a bundle is 49 pcs. For a bundle made up of 4 m long spruce pulpwood variability of mass is on average 2.8 t, that of volume – 2.09 m3, that of the number of wood assortments – 57 pc. The presented results can inform transportation of wood on cutting areas, planning timber harvesting, as well as development new logging machines.
{"title":"Variability of forwarder truckload parameters in the Pryazha forestry division of the Republic of Karelia (Russia): A computer experiment","authors":"P. Budnik, I. Shegelman, V. Baklagin","doi":"10.2478/forj-2019-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The goal of the present research is to analyze parameters of a bundle of logs for various models of forwarders in the Pryazha division of forestry of the Republic of Karelia. The investigated parameters were mass and volume of a bundle of logs, stacking factor of the bundle and the number of wood assortments in the bundle. The following models of forwarders have been investigated: John Deere 1210E, John Deere 1110E, Ponsse Elk, Ponsse Wisent, Amkodor 2661-01, Rottne F13D, Rottne F15D, Rottne F18D. We estimated the parameters of bundles formed from spruce sawlog 6.1 m long and bundles formed from spruce pulpwood 4 m long. Data on stem forms from harvester recorders have been collected to assess the parameters of a bundle of logs. Parameters of bundles have been determined based on computer experiment. The experiment consists of the following steps: random selection of the stem from the database; simulation of the cut-to-length process; simulation of log stacking process; calculation of parameters of a bundle of logs. We found that parameters of bundles vary to a quite substantial extent. Average variability of a bundle of logs formed of 6.1 m long spruce sawlog is 4.5 t, variability of the volume is 5.8 m3, and variability of the number of wood assortments in a bundle is 49 pcs. For a bundle made up of 4 m long spruce pulpwood variability of mass is on average 2.8 t, that of volume – 2.09 m3, that of the number of wood assortments – 57 pc. The presented results can inform transportation of wood on cutting areas, planning timber harvesting, as well as development new logging machines.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"12 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42557028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vahur Kurvits, K. Ots, A. Kangur, H. Korjus, P. Muiste
Abstract The properties of biomass-based fuel and combustion tests showed that logging residues are promising renewable energy sources. The data used in this study were collected from four clear-felling areas in Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest Centre, Southeast Estonia in 2013–2014. Logging was carried out by harvesters in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) dominated stands with a small admixture of other tree species according to the cut-to-length method and logging residues were placed in heaps. The aim of this research is to assess different characteristics of logging residues (quantity, moisture content, energetic potential, ash content and amount) in clear-felling areas. The highest load of slash was measured on the birch dominated study site, where the dry weight of the logging residues was 29 t ha−1. Only the branch fraction moisture content on the black alder dominated site (35.4%) was clearly different from respective values on other sites (21.6–25.4%). The highest calorific value of the residues was assessed with the residues from the birch dominated site, where in moist sample it was 365 GJ ha−1 and in dry matter 585 GJ ha−1. The heating value of the fresh residues is highest in coniferous trees. The highest ash content in branch segments was registered for the black alder dominated site. Järvselja data indicate higher quality in conifer dominated sites, yet a higher load of logging residues in broadleaf dominated stands.
摘要生物质燃料的特性和燃烧试验表明，伐木残留物是一种很有前途的可再生能源。本研究中使用的数据是2013-2014年从爱沙尼亚东南部Järvselja培训和实验森林中心的四个砍伐区收集的。伐木机在苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris L.）、挪威云杉（Picea abies[L.]Karst。本研究的目的是评估砍伐区伐木残留物的不同特征（数量、水分含量、能量潜力、灰分含量和数量）。在以桦树为主的研究地点测得的斜杠负荷最高，那里的伐木残留物干重为29 t ha−1。只有以黑杨木为主的地点的枝条部分水分含量（35.4%）与其他地点的相应值（21.6–25.4%）明显不同。残留物的最高热值是用桦树为主的地点残留物评估的，在潮湿样品中为365 GJ ha−1，在干物质中为585 GJ ha-1。新鲜残留物的热值在针叶树中最高。树枝段的灰分含量最高的是以黑杨木为主的场地。Järvselja数据表明，针叶树为主的林分质量更高，但阔叶林为主的林分的伐木残留物含量更高。
{"title":"Assessment of load and quality of logging residues from clear-felling areas in Järvselja: a case study from Southeast Estonia","authors":"Vahur Kurvits, K. Ots, A. Kangur, H. Korjus, P. Muiste","doi":"10.2478/forj-2019-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The properties of biomass-based fuel and combustion tests showed that logging residues are promising renewable energy sources. The data used in this study were collected from four clear-felling areas in Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest Centre, Southeast Estonia in 2013–2014. Logging was carried out by harvesters in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) dominated stands with a small admixture of other tree species according to the cut-to-length method and logging residues were placed in heaps. The aim of this research is to assess different characteristics of logging residues (quantity, moisture content, energetic potential, ash content and amount) in clear-felling areas. The highest load of slash was measured on the birch dominated study site, where the dry weight of the logging residues was 29 t ha−1. Only the branch fraction moisture content on the black alder dominated site (35.4%) was clearly different from respective values on other sites (21.6–25.4%). The highest calorific value of the residues was assessed with the residues from the birch dominated site, where in moist sample it was 365 GJ ha−1 and in dry matter 585 GJ ha−1. The heating value of the fresh residues is highest in coniferous trees. The highest ash content in branch segments was registered for the black alder dominated site. Järvselja data indicate higher quality in conifer dominated sites, yet a higher load of logging residues in broadleaf dominated stands.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"11 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48914435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Tkach, Oksana Tarnopilska, O. Kobets, V. Luk’yanets, M. Rumiantsev, Iryna Obolonyk, S. Musienko
Abstract The study was conducted in pure Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests and mixed forests of Scots pine and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) within the Chernihiv Polissya physiographic region of Ukraine. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of forest mensuration characteristics and health condition of pine and mixed pine-birch stands planted on formerly arable lands and cutover areas after pine stands infected by annosum root rot. It was found that in pine stands planted on formerly arable land, the average diameter of living trees in the root rot disease focus was 1–6% larger and the average diameter of dead trees was 11–23% larger than those outside the disease focus. Due to the pathological loss inside the disease foci, the pine stand density was much lower – by 14–38% and the growing stock volume was 16–35% less as compared to the outside areas. Mixed pine-birch stands (with a predominance of pine trees), established on the cutover areas after pine stands affected by root rot, had a 20% greater stock volume and the birch-pine stands (with birch predominance) in the clear-cuts had 18% greater stock volume than pure pine stands inside the root rot disease area. The pine trees were assessed as “weakened” in the mixed stands and as “severely weakened” in the pure pine stand inside the disease focus. The birch trees in mixed stands were characterized as “healthy”.
{"title":"Harmfulness of root rot in the stands planted on formerly arable land and clear-cuts after annosum-infected pine forests in Chernihiv Polissya physiographic region of Ukraine","authors":"V. Tkach, Oksana Tarnopilska, O. Kobets, V. Luk’yanets, M. Rumiantsev, Iryna Obolonyk, S. Musienko","doi":"10.2478/forj-2019-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study was conducted in pure Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests and mixed forests of Scots pine and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) within the Chernihiv Polissya physiographic region of Ukraine. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of forest mensuration characteristics and health condition of pine and mixed pine-birch stands planted on formerly arable lands and cutover areas after pine stands infected by annosum root rot. It was found that in pine stands planted on formerly arable land, the average diameter of living trees in the root rot disease focus was 1–6% larger and the average diameter of dead trees was 11–23% larger than those outside the disease focus. Due to the pathological loss inside the disease foci, the pine stand density was much lower – by 14–38% and the growing stock volume was 16–35% less as compared to the outside areas. Mixed pine-birch stands (with a predominance of pine trees), established on the cutover areas after pine stands affected by root rot, had a 20% greater stock volume and the birch-pine stands (with birch predominance) in the clear-cuts had 18% greater stock volume than pure pine stands inside the root rot disease area. The pine trees were assessed as “weakened” in the mixed stands and as “severely weakened” in the pure pine stand inside the disease focus. The birch trees in mixed stands were characterized as “healthy”.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"37 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mikulenka, A. Prokůpková, Z. Vacek, S. Vacek, Daniel Bulušek, J. Simon, Václav Šimůnek, Vojtěch Hájek
Abstract Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) are main tree species of Central Europe that are currently highly vulnerable in times of global climate change. The research deals with the effect of climate and air pollution on radial growth of silver fir and Norway spruce in mixed age-varied (56 – 146 years) forests in the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area, the Czech Republic. The objectives were to evaluate biodiversity, structure and production, specifically interaction of radial growth of fir and spruce to air pollution (SO2, NOX, tropospheric ozone) and climatic factors (precipitation, air temperature). Concentration of SO2 and NOX had negative effect on radial growth of fir, while radial growth of spruce was more negatively influenced by tropospheric ozone. Fir showed higher variability in radial growth and was more sensitive to climatic factors compared to spruce. On the other hand, fir was relatively adaptable tree species that regenerated very well when the pressure of stress factors subsided (air pollution load, Caucasian bark beetle, frost damage). Low temperature was a limiting factor of radial growth in the study mountainous area, especially for fir. Fir was significantly sensitive to late frost, respectively, spruce to winter desiccation and spring droughts with synergism of air pollution load. Generally, older forest stands were more negatively influenced by air pollution load and climatic extremes compared to young trees.
摘要挪威云杉（Picea abies[L.]Karst.）和银杉（abies alba Mill.）是中欧的主要树种，目前在全球气候变化时期非常脆弱。这项研究探讨了气候和空气污染对捷克共和国耶森尼基保护景观区不同年龄（56-146年）的银杉和挪威云杉径向生长的影响。目标是评估生物多样性、结构和生产，特别是冷杉和云杉的径向生长与空气污染（SO2、NOX、对流层臭氧）和气候因素（降水、气温）的相互作用。SO2和NOX浓度对杉木径向生长有负面影响，而对流层臭氧对云杉径向生长的负面影响更大。与云杉相比，冷杉在径向生长方面表现出更高的可变性，并且对气候因素更敏感。另一方面，冷杉是适应性相对较强的树种，当压力因素（空气污染负荷、高加索树皮甲虫、霜冻）消退时，冷杉的再生效果很好。低温是研究山区径向生长的一个限制因素，尤其是冷杉。冷杉对晚霜的敏感性显著，云杉对冬季干旱和春季干旱的敏感性显著。一般来说，与幼树相比，较老的林分更容易受到空气污染负荷和极端气候的负面影响。
{"title":"Effect of climate and air pollution on radial growth of mixed forests: Abies alba Mill. vs. Picea abies (L.) Karst.","authors":"P. Mikulenka, A. Prokůpková, Z. Vacek, S. Vacek, Daniel Bulušek, J. Simon, Václav Šimůnek, Vojtěch Hájek","doi":"10.2478/forj-2019-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) are main tree species of Central Europe that are currently highly vulnerable in times of global climate change. The research deals with the effect of climate and air pollution on radial growth of silver fir and Norway spruce in mixed age-varied (56 – 146 years) forests in the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area, the Czech Republic. The objectives were to evaluate biodiversity, structure and production, specifically interaction of radial growth of fir and spruce to air pollution (SO2, NOX, tropospheric ozone) and climatic factors (precipitation, air temperature). Concentration of SO2 and NOX had negative effect on radial growth of fir, while radial growth of spruce was more negatively influenced by tropospheric ozone. Fir showed higher variability in radial growth and was more sensitive to climatic factors compared to spruce. On the other hand, fir was relatively adaptable tree species that regenerated very well when the pressure of stress factors subsided (air pollution load, Caucasian bark beetle, frost damage). Low temperature was a limiting factor of radial growth in the study mountainous area, especially for fir. Fir was significantly sensitive to late frost, respectively, spruce to winter desiccation and spring droughts with synergism of air pollution load. Generally, older forest stands were more negatively influenced by air pollution load and climatic extremes compared to young trees.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"23 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41577865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Usoltsev, K. Merganičová, B. Konôpka, A. Osmirko, I. S. Tsepordey, V. Chasovskikh
Abstract Climate change, especially modified courses of temperature and precipitation, has a significant impact on forest functioning and productivity. Moreover, some alterations in tree biomass allocation (e.g. root to shoot ratio, foliage to wood parts) might be expected in these changing ecological conditions. Therefore, we attempted to model fir stand biomass (t ha−1) along the trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients using the data from 272 forest stands. The model outputs suggested that all biomass components, except for the crown mass, change in a common pattern, but in different ratios. Specifically, in the range of mean January temperature and precipitation of −30°C to +10°C and 300 to 900 mm, fir stand biomass increases with both increasing temperature and precipitation. Under an assumed increase of January temperature by 1°C, biomass of roots and of all components of the aboveground biomass of fir stands increased (under the assumption that the precipitation level did not change). Similarly, an assumed increase in precipitation by 100 mm resulted in the increased biomass of roots and of all aboveground components. We conclude that fir seems to be a perspective taxon from the point of its productive properties in the ongoing process of climate change.
气候变化，特别是温度和降水的变化过程，对森林功能和生产力有着重要的影响。此外，在这些变化的生态条件下，树木生物量分配(如根与梢比、叶与木部分)可能会发生一些变化。因此，我们试图利用272个林分的数据，沿跨欧亚热液梯度模拟冷杉林分生物量(t ha - 1)。模型结果表明，除树冠质量外，所有生物量组分的变化规律相同，但变化比例不同。具体而言，在1月平均气温和降水量为- 30℃~ +10℃、300 ~ 900 mm范围内，杉木林分生物量随气温和降水量的增加而增加。假设1月气温升高1℃，杉木林分根系生物量和地上生物量各组分均增加(假设降水量不变)。同样，假定降水增加100毫米会导致根系和所有地上成分的生物量增加。从杉木在气候变化过程中的生产特性来看，杉木似乎是一个有前景的分类单元。
{"title":"Fir (Abies spp.) stand biomass additive model for Eurasia sensitive to winter temperature and annual precipitation","authors":"V. Usoltsev, K. Merganičová, B. Konôpka, A. Osmirko, I. S. Tsepordey, V. Chasovskikh","doi":"10.2478/forj-2019-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change, especially modified courses of temperature and precipitation, has a significant impact on forest functioning and productivity. Moreover, some alterations in tree biomass allocation (e.g. root to shoot ratio, foliage to wood parts) might be expected in these changing ecological conditions. Therefore, we attempted to model fir stand biomass (t ha−1) along the trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients using the data from 272 forest stands. The model outputs suggested that all biomass components, except for the crown mass, change in a common pattern, but in different ratios. Specifically, in the range of mean January temperature and precipitation of −30°C to +10°C and 300 to 900 mm, fir stand biomass increases with both increasing temperature and precipitation. Under an assumed increase of January temperature by 1°C, biomass of roots and of all components of the aboveground biomass of fir stands increased (under the assumption that the precipitation level did not change). Similarly, an assumed increase in precipitation by 100 mm resulted in the increased biomass of roots and of all aboveground components. We conclude that fir seems to be a perspective taxon from the point of its productive properties in the ongoing process of climate change.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"166 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper focuses on the marketing support of decision-making at the forest enterprise on the example of forestry products, concretely, of roundwood assortments on the chosen state forest enterprise in the Slovak Republic. The most used marketing decision-making models as SWOT, BCG, and GE matrices with support of ABC analysis were used for chosen research purpose. Additionally, these models were compared to confirm their reliability and expressing power for marketing management of forest enterprise. The conclusions confirm that the use of these models build a strong framework for the decision-making support of forest enterprise management. The outcomes of models contribute to each other and they do not contradict. However, it is necessary to have a strong base of forestry practice knowledge due to the correct interpretation of these models. In contrast to other industrial companies, forest sector is a very specific regarding the long rotation and payback period. The main pillar of the product portfolio and forest enterprise either are assortments of the III. qualitative class and broadleaf pulpwood with the 86% share on total revenues. Concerning the prevalence of threats and company strengths, it is necessary to choose diversification management approach for the product portfolio.
{"title":"Marketing support of decision-making at the forest enterprise: A case study on roundwood assortments portfolio","authors":"D. Halaj","doi":"10.2478/forj-2019-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on the marketing support of decision-making at the forest enterprise on the example of forestry products, concretely, of roundwood assortments on the chosen state forest enterprise in the Slovak Republic. The most used marketing decision-making models as SWOT, BCG, and GE matrices with support of ABC analysis were used for chosen research purpose. Additionally, these models were compared to confirm their reliability and expressing power for marketing management of forest enterprise. The conclusions confirm that the use of these models build a strong framework for the decision-making support of forest enterprise management. The outcomes of models contribute to each other and they do not contradict. However, it is necessary to have a strong base of forestry practice knowledge due to the correct interpretation of these models. In contrast to other industrial companies, forest sector is a very specific regarding the long rotation and payback period. The main pillar of the product portfolio and forest enterprise either are assortments of the III. qualitative class and broadleaf pulpwood with the 86% share on total revenues. Concerning the prevalence of threats and company strengths, it is necessary to choose diversification management approach for the product portfolio.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"223 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47272502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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