A. Kučera, Jana Rosíková, J. Pechacek, P. Dundek, D. Vavříček
Abstract The research paper with character of case study deals with the influence of amelioration on soil as well as the Norway spruce nutrition and growth, with the focus on dolomitic limestone and combined fertilizer applications. The study was performed in the 7-year-old forest stand (Nízký Jeseník Mountains, Czech Republic, 100% Norway spruce, podzol, mor humus form, slightly undulated slope, 770 m a.s.l.). The soil properties (soil reaction, nutrient status, C/N ratio and cation exchange capacity), the plant nutrition, the plant biomass production and the health status were measured. Neither the expected significant increase in pH due to liming in the root zone nor the increase in calcium and magnesium in the soil was confirmed. In the dolomitic limestone treatment, the highest hydrolytic acidity reaching 260 mmol+/kg, the worst development of assimilatory organs, the growth and health status of individuals were ascertained one year after the usage. The application of combined fertilizers resulted in the highest response in the needle biomass production (0.35 g/100 needles compared to less than 0.30 g/100 needles in the dolomitic limestone treatment), in the potassium and phosphorus nutrition status (suboptimal 4–4.5% of potassium in dolomitic limestone and the control treatment compared to optimal 5.5–7.5% in the combined fertilizers treatments) and simultaneously to the optimization of the health status. Specifically, in forest stands, the effect of dolomitic limestone is rather overestimated and furthermore, chemical amelioration requires the detailed knowledge of the forest site.
{"title":"Combined fertilizers versus dolomitic limestone: A comparative study from a forest habitat with Norway spruce","authors":"A. Kučera, Jana Rosíková, J. Pechacek, P. Dundek, D. Vavříček","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research paper with character of case study deals with the influence of amelioration on soil as well as the Norway spruce nutrition and growth, with the focus on dolomitic limestone and combined fertilizer applications. The study was performed in the 7-year-old forest stand (Nízký Jeseník Mountains, Czech Republic, 100% Norway spruce, podzol, mor humus form, slightly undulated slope, 770 m a.s.l.). The soil properties (soil reaction, nutrient status, C/N ratio and cation exchange capacity), the plant nutrition, the plant biomass production and the health status were measured. Neither the expected significant increase in pH due to liming in the root zone nor the increase in calcium and magnesium in the soil was confirmed. In the dolomitic limestone treatment, the highest hydrolytic acidity reaching 260 mmol+/kg, the worst development of assimilatory organs, the growth and health status of individuals were ascertained one year after the usage. The application of combined fertilizers resulted in the highest response in the needle biomass production (0.35 g/100 needles compared to less than 0.30 g/100 needles in the dolomitic limestone treatment), in the potassium and phosphorus nutrition status (suboptimal 4–4.5% of potassium in dolomitic limestone and the control treatment compared to optimal 5.5–7.5% in the combined fertilizers treatments) and simultaneously to the optimization of the health status. Specifically, in forest stands, the effect of dolomitic limestone is rather overestimated and furthermore, chemical amelioration requires the detailed knowledge of the forest site.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"141 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45388987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Advanced remote sensing technologies has recently become an effective tool for monitoring of forest ecosystems. However, there is a growing need for online dissemination of geospatial data from these activities. We developed and assessed a framework which integrates (1) an algorithm for estimation of forest stand variables based on remote sensing data and (2) a web-map application for 2D and 3D visualisation of geospatial data. The performance of proposed framework was assessed in a Forest Management Unit Vígľaš (Slovakia, Central Europe) covering a total area of 12,472 ha. The mean error of remote sensing-based estimations of forest resources reached values of 16.4%, 12.1%, –26.8%, and –35.4% for the mean height, mean diameter, volume per hectare, and trees per hectare, respectively. The web-map application is stable and allows real-time visualization of digital terrain model, aerial imagery, thematic maps used in forestry or geology, and 968,217 single trees at forest management unit level.
{"title":"An integrated framework for Web-based visualisation of forest resources estimated from remote sensing data","authors":"R. Cibula, Ivan Sačkov","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Advanced remote sensing technologies has recently become an effective tool for monitoring of forest ecosystems. However, there is a growing need for online dissemination of geospatial data from these activities. We developed and assessed a framework which integrates (1) an algorithm for estimation of forest stand variables based on remote sensing data and (2) a web-map application for 2D and 3D visualisation of geospatial data. The performance of proposed framework was assessed in a Forest Management Unit Vígľaš (Slovakia, Central Europe) covering a total area of 12,472 ha. The mean error of remote sensing-based estimations of forest resources reached values of 16.4%, 12.1%, –26.8%, and –35.4% for the mean height, mean diameter, volume per hectare, and trees per hectare, respectively. The web-map application is stable and allows real-time visualization of digital terrain model, aerial imagery, thematic maps used in forestry or geology, and 968,217 single trees at forest management unit level.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"170 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42240255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Sultanova, M. Martynova, S. Konashova, E. Khanova, Vasilina Yanbaeva
Abstract The right timing for replacing mature and over-mature forest stands with a young generation of trees is evident as it ensures continuity in forest management. The study aimed to assess the efficiency of cutting practices in mature stands of Tilia cordata Mill. Mono-dominant and poly-dominant, even- and different-aged linden tree forests in the southern Urals were studied. The study found that in the first years following the small scale forest cutting practices (the Murakhtanov method), retention trees of Tilia cordata Mill. showed longer crowns (by 0.3 ± 0.01 m) and higher crown diameter indices (by 0.11 ± 0.04 m). A single selection showed that nectar secretion potential was 2.1 ± 0.06 mg/flower in the first assessment year, the index was 1.8 ± 0.03 mg/flower in the control forest area where no trees were cut. In the third assessment year, nectar secretion potential rose to 4.1 ± 0.04 mg/flower, while the index fell to 2.0 ± 0.01 mg/flower in the control forest area. The comparative analysis of the shoot growth capacity in stools of different diameters showed that shoots regrew from 82% of stumps. Shoots did not regrow from stumps affected by rot, those ones destroyed in the cutting process, and also from stumps of 59 – 62 cm in diameter.
{"title":"Cutting practices in mature stands of Tilia cordata Mill.","authors":"R. Sultanova, M. Martynova, S. Konashova, E. Khanova, Vasilina Yanbaeva","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The right timing for replacing mature and over-mature forest stands with a young generation of trees is evident as it ensures continuity in forest management. The study aimed to assess the efficiency of cutting practices in mature stands of Tilia cordata Mill. Mono-dominant and poly-dominant, even- and different-aged linden tree forests in the southern Urals were studied. The study found that in the first years following the small scale forest cutting practices (the Murakhtanov method), retention trees of Tilia cordata Mill. showed longer crowns (by 0.3 ± 0.01 m) and higher crown diameter indices (by 0.11 ± 0.04 m). A single selection showed that nectar secretion potential was 2.1 ± 0.06 mg/flower in the first assessment year, the index was 1.8 ± 0.03 mg/flower in the control forest area where no trees were cut. In the third assessment year, nectar secretion potential rose to 4.1 ± 0.04 mg/flower, while the index fell to 2.0 ± 0.01 mg/flower in the control forest area. The comparative analysis of the shoot growth capacity in stools of different diameters showed that shoots regrew from 82% of stumps. Shoots did not regrow from stumps affected by rot, those ones destroyed in the cutting process, and also from stumps of 59 – 62 cm in diameter.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"151 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47927886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Konôpka, J. Pajtík, V. Šebeň, K. Merganičová, P. Surový
Abstract In the conditions of Central Europe, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) has so far not been an important species for commercial purposes but might be relevant from ecological point of view. For instance, prompt succession by birch and other pioneer tree species at large-scale post-disturbance areas is necessary to compensate for previous carbon losses by natural disasters. Therefore, our attention was focused on 14-year-old birch trees growing at the wind-thrown area in the High Tatra Mts. (northern Slovakia). We sampled aboveground biomass of 20 silver birch trees representing four classes of crown competition: 0 – competition free crowns, 1 – crowns under mild competition, 2 – crowns under moderate competition, 3 – crowns under severe competition. We studied biomass allocated to stems, branches and foliage, and basic properties of stems and foliage. The crown-competition free birches were nearly 13 m high, and their aboveground tree biomass was 150 kg. The biomass of birches under severe competition was five times lower. Crown competition modified biomass ratios of foliage to branch as well as of branch to stem. Our results showed that birches under severe competition stress invest more in height than in diameter. At the same time, crown competition modified foliage weight and specific leaf area (SLA), which was clear mostly in the upper part of the crowns. However, foliage area was influenced by crown competition only to a negligible extent. Our main finding is that foliage position (upper, middle or lower third of crown) affected foliage properties more than intraspecific crown competition. Finally, we pointed out that silver birch is a rather productive species that is not ecologically demanding. Therefore, it might be a prospective tree species under the ongoing climate change and the present period of intensification in renewable resources utilisation.
{"title":"Silver birch aboveground biomass allocation pattern, stem and foliage traits with regard to intraspecific crown competition","authors":"B. Konôpka, J. Pajtík, V. Šebeň, K. Merganičová, P. Surový","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the conditions of Central Europe, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) has so far not been an important species for commercial purposes but might be relevant from ecological point of view. For instance, prompt succession by birch and other pioneer tree species at large-scale post-disturbance areas is necessary to compensate for previous carbon losses by natural disasters. Therefore, our attention was focused on 14-year-old birch trees growing at the wind-thrown area in the High Tatra Mts. (northern Slovakia). We sampled aboveground biomass of 20 silver birch trees representing four classes of crown competition: 0 – competition free crowns, 1 – crowns under mild competition, 2 – crowns under moderate competition, 3 – crowns under severe competition. We studied biomass allocated to stems, branches and foliage, and basic properties of stems and foliage. The crown-competition free birches were nearly 13 m high, and their aboveground tree biomass was 150 kg. The biomass of birches under severe competition was five times lower. Crown competition modified biomass ratios of foliage to branch as well as of branch to stem. Our results showed that birches under severe competition stress invest more in height than in diameter. At the same time, crown competition modified foliage weight and specific leaf area (SLA), which was clear mostly in the upper part of the crowns. However, foliage area was influenced by crown competition only to a negligible extent. Our main finding is that foliage position (upper, middle or lower third of crown) affected foliage properties more than intraspecific crown competition. Finally, we pointed out that silver birch is a rather productive species that is not ecologically demanding. Therefore, it might be a prospective tree species under the ongoing climate change and the present period of intensification in renewable resources utilisation.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"159 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43344269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In November 2004, the windstorm Alžbeta damaged over 12 thousand ha of forests in the High Tatra Mts. It was the largest wind disaster in the modern forestry history of Slovakia. The process of forest regeneration at the post-disturbance area has to be monitored together with the effectiveness of implemented forestry measures. Therefore, we focused on tree measurements at 90 monitoring plots (MP) in 1 × 1 km net placed in the post-disturbance area in the Tatra National Park. We recorded tree species, number of trees (density) and tree heights. Besides that, stem diameters of trees with breast height diameter over 7 cm were measured. The field work was performed in the growing season of 2019, i.e. about 15 years after the wind disturbance. In total, 20 tree species, 15 broadleaves and 5 coniferous ones, were recorded at MP. The most frequent (28.9% of all trees) species was Norway spruce followed by silver birch (18.6%), rowan (16.9%) and goat willow (15.2%). Four species, i.e. European larch, wild cherry, grey alder and common alder contributed to the total number of trees between 1.8 and 4.8% each. Share of all other species together was about 5%. Tree height frequency was left-sided for the whole sampling set (all species together), as well as for individual species. Most of young trees were less than 1m high, but some of them exceeded 10 m. Further, tree density of over 100 individuals per are (100 m2) was found at 1/3 of all MPs. As many as 25% of MPs were characterized with tree densities between 61 and 90 individuals. At 23% of MPs, the number of trees was up to 30 individuals per are, and 20% of MPs had between 31 and 60 small trees per are. The results suggested that the post-disturbance forest stands in the High Tatras would be more resistant to wind storms and very probably also to bark beetles after reaching maturity than those, which were destructed and declined at the beginning of 21st century.
{"title":"Tree height and species composition of young forest stands fifteen years after the large-scale wind disturbance in Tatra National Park","authors":"V. Šebeň, B. Konôpka","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In November 2004, the windstorm Alžbeta damaged over 12 thousand ha of forests in the High Tatra Mts. It was the largest wind disaster in the modern forestry history of Slovakia. The process of forest regeneration at the post-disturbance area has to be monitored together with the effectiveness of implemented forestry measures. Therefore, we focused on tree measurements at 90 monitoring plots (MP) in 1 × 1 km net placed in the post-disturbance area in the Tatra National Park. We recorded tree species, number of trees (density) and tree heights. Besides that, stem diameters of trees with breast height diameter over 7 cm were measured. The field work was performed in the growing season of 2019, i.e. about 15 years after the wind disturbance. In total, 20 tree species, 15 broadleaves and 5 coniferous ones, were recorded at MP. The most frequent (28.9% of all trees) species was Norway spruce followed by silver birch (18.6%), rowan (16.9%) and goat willow (15.2%). Four species, i.e. European larch, wild cherry, grey alder and common alder contributed to the total number of trees between 1.8 and 4.8% each. Share of all other species together was about 5%. Tree height frequency was left-sided for the whole sampling set (all species together), as well as for individual species. Most of young trees were less than 1m high, but some of them exceeded 10 m. Further, tree density of over 100 individuals per are (100 m2) was found at 1/3 of all MPs. As many as 25% of MPs were characterized with tree densities between 61 and 90 individuals. At 23% of MPs, the number of trees was up to 30 individuals per are, and 20% of MPs had between 31 and 60 small trees per are. The results suggested that the post-disturbance forest stands in the High Tatras would be more resistant to wind storms and very probably also to bark beetles after reaching maturity than those, which were destructed and declined at the beginning of 21st century.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"131 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49311699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) is the most common utilized introduced tree species in the tem-is the most common utilized introduced tree species in the temperate zone, planted in many European countries. Also, in the Czech Republic it represents the most planted exotic species as well. Its planted area exceeds 6,000 ha and represents 0.25% of the forest area of the country. In the last years, this species is supposed as convenient substitution for declining Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands under current climatic change (extreme drought, bark beetle outbreak). The changed species composition affects also soil dynamic processes, including litter decomposition and transformation. In the presented study, the respiration rate and nitrification intensity were compared in the stand parts dominated by Norway spruce and Douglas-fir in comparable site conditions (410 m a.s.l., 650 mm, 8 ºC, gleyic Luvisol, fresh oak-fir site with Oxalis acetosella, age 97 years). Analyses were performed in laboratory conditions by standard methods determining actual (basal) and potential respiration activity and intensity of ammonia and nitrate ion production. Admixture of Douglas-fir considerably intensified decomposition activities (soil respiration) and profoundly increased the nitrification rate in the surface humus and uppermost mineral soil layer – Ah horizon. Increased interest in the Douglas-fir silviculture needs increased care for forest soil dynamics with respect of nitrogen balance.
摘要花旗松（Pseudotsuga menziesii[Mirb.]Franco）是世界上最常见的引种树种，也是温带最常见的引进树种，在许多欧洲国家都有种植。此外，在捷克共和国，它也是种植最多的外来物种。其种植面积超过6000公顷，占全国森林面积的0.25%。在过去的几年里，该物种被认为是在当前气候变化（极端干旱、树皮甲虫爆发）下衰落的挪威云杉（Picea abies[L.]Karst.）的方便替代品。物种组成的变化也影响土壤的动态过程，包括枯枝落叶的分解和转化。在本研究中，比较了以挪威云杉和花旗松为主的林分部分在类似场地条件下（410 m a.s.l.，650 mm，8ºC，gleyic Luvisol，新鲜橡树冷杉场地，含乙酰乙酸草，年龄97岁）的呼吸速率和硝化强度。通过测定实际（基础）和潜在呼吸活性以及氨和硝酸根离子产生强度的标准方法，在实验室条件下进行分析。花旗松的掺合物显著增强了分解活性（土壤呼吸），并显著提高了表层腐殖质和最上层矿物土层（Ah层）的硝化速率。人们对花旗松造林的兴趣越来越大，需要更多地关注氮平衡方面的森林土壤动态。
{"title":"Substitution of Norway spruce for Douglas-fir: changes of soil microbial activities as climate change induced shift in species composition – a case study","authors":"V. Podrázský, I. Kupka, H. Prknová","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) is the most common utilized introduced tree species in the tem-is the most common utilized introduced tree species in the temperate zone, planted in many European countries. Also, in the Czech Republic it represents the most planted exotic species as well. Its planted area exceeds 6,000 ha and represents 0.25% of the forest area of the country. In the last years, this species is supposed as convenient substitution for declining Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands under current climatic change (extreme drought, bark beetle outbreak). The changed species composition affects also soil dynamic processes, including litter decomposition and transformation. In the presented study, the respiration rate and nitrification intensity were compared in the stand parts dominated by Norway spruce and Douglas-fir in comparable site conditions (410 m a.s.l., 650 mm, 8 ºC, gleyic Luvisol, fresh oak-fir site with Oxalis acetosella, age 97 years). Analyses were performed in laboratory conditions by standard methods determining actual (basal) and potential respiration activity and intensity of ammonia and nitrate ion production. Admixture of Douglas-fir considerably intensified decomposition activities (soil respiration) and profoundly increased the nitrification rate in the surface humus and uppermost mineral soil layer – Ah horizon. Increased interest in the Douglas-fir silviculture needs increased care for forest soil dynamics with respect of nitrogen balance.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"71 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41566426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the context of climate change, the crucial question is how silvicultural treatments should be modified, in order to reach favourable conditions for initiating natural regeneration of forest stands. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of clear-cutting, basal area reduction (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) and soil preparation (milling cutter, forestry mulcher, brush rake and control variant without soil preparation) on the regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the conditions of natural pine sites (Northern Bohemia). Seedling numbers, heights and crown widths were recorded on transects representing all combinations of stand densities treatments and soil preparations variants three years after the silvicultural operations. Seed traps were installed to determine the numbers of seeds from 2016 to 2018. Soil water potential (Delmhorst Instrument Company) and soil temperature (sensor Pt1000 A–class sensors, EMS Brno) were measured. All variants of soil preparation had higher numbers of seedlings compared to control variant. When comparing stand densities, total numbers of seedlings were the highest in stand density 0.4 (cutter 32,402 ± 34,208 S.D. ind.ha−1; mulcher 26,832 ± 24,088 S.D. ind.ha−1; rake 24,496 ± 22,913 S.D. ind.ha−1). This stand density was also beneficial with respect to seed numbers, seedling characteristics and soil moisture and temperature characteristics. We conclude that shelterwood regeneration on natural Scots pine sites is promising silvicultural approach and may become an important tool in mitigating negative effects of climate change in the future.
{"title":"Does shelterwood regeneration on natural Scots pine sites under changing environmental conditions represent a viable alternative to traditional clear-cut management?","authors":"Jakub Brichta, L. Bílek, R. Linda, J. Vítámvás","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the context of climate change, the crucial question is how silvicultural treatments should be modified, in order to reach favourable conditions for initiating natural regeneration of forest stands. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of clear-cutting, basal area reduction (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) and soil preparation (milling cutter, forestry mulcher, brush rake and control variant without soil preparation) on the regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the conditions of natural pine sites (Northern Bohemia). Seedling numbers, heights and crown widths were recorded on transects representing all combinations of stand densities treatments and soil preparations variants three years after the silvicultural operations. Seed traps were installed to determine the numbers of seeds from 2016 to 2018. Soil water potential (Delmhorst Instrument Company) and soil temperature (sensor Pt1000 A–class sensors, EMS Brno) were measured. All variants of soil preparation had higher numbers of seedlings compared to control variant. When comparing stand densities, total numbers of seedlings were the highest in stand density 0.4 (cutter 32,402 ± 34,208 S.D. ind.ha−1; mulcher 26,832 ± 24,088 S.D. ind.ha−1; rake 24,496 ± 22,913 S.D. ind.ha−1). This stand density was also beneficial with respect to seed numbers, seedling characteristics and soil moisture and temperature characteristics. We conclude that shelterwood regeneration on natural Scots pine sites is promising silvicultural approach and may become an important tool in mitigating negative effects of climate change in the future.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"104 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42385140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial to the thematic issue: Silviculture and forest production under climate change","authors":"Z. Vacek, I. Štefančík","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"61 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44836702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Vacek, A. Prokůpková, S. Vacek, Jan Cukor, L. Bílek, Josef Gallo, Daniel Bulušek
Abstract In Europe, warming, droughts and the rise of extreme climate events have an increasing significant negative effect on forest stands. Therefore, it is necessary to create appropriate adaptation strategies of silviculture to mitigate the impacts of global climate change on forest ecosystems in Central Europe. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate stand production, structure and diversity on eight experimental research plots in the Krkonoše Mountains. Subsequently, three variants of management were compared in mixed stands at the age of 17 – 20 years originating from natural regeneration: A) control variant (stands before thinning), B) applied newly designed thinning in the context of climate change adaptation and C) simulative thinning from below. Number of trees decreased from 3,256 trees ha−1 by 32% after adaptation thinning and by 36% after thinning from below. The basal area decreased in variant B by 22% and in variant C by 12%. Structural diversity and tree species richness increased after application of adaptation thinning, while decrease of diameter differentiation and total diversity was observed after thinning from below. Moreover, horizontal structure changed from aggregated spatial pattern to random distribution after the interventions, especially under adaptation thinning. The newly designed structuralizing adaptation thinning method seems to be a more suitable option in given habitat and stand conditions compared to the commonly performed thinning from below. In future, this issue will certainly require further close cooperation of forestry experts in order to arrive at optimal variants of solutions differentiated according to specific conditions.
{"title":"Silviculture as a tool to support stability and diversity of forests under climate change: study from Krkonoše Mountains","authors":"Z. Vacek, A. Prokůpková, S. Vacek, Jan Cukor, L. Bílek, Josef Gallo, Daniel Bulušek","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Europe, warming, droughts and the rise of extreme climate events have an increasing significant negative effect on forest stands. Therefore, it is necessary to create appropriate adaptation strategies of silviculture to mitigate the impacts of global climate change on forest ecosystems in Central Europe. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate stand production, structure and diversity on eight experimental research plots in the Krkonoše Mountains. Subsequently, three variants of management were compared in mixed stands at the age of 17 – 20 years originating from natural regeneration: A) control variant (stands before thinning), B) applied newly designed thinning in the context of climate change adaptation and C) simulative thinning from below. Number of trees decreased from 3,256 trees ha−1 by 32% after adaptation thinning and by 36% after thinning from below. The basal area decreased in variant B by 22% and in variant C by 12%. Structural diversity and tree species richness increased after application of adaptation thinning, while decrease of diameter differentiation and total diversity was observed after thinning from below. Moreover, horizontal structure changed from aggregated spatial pattern to random distribution after the interventions, especially under adaptation thinning. The newly designed structuralizing adaptation thinning method seems to be a more suitable option in given habitat and stand conditions compared to the commonly performed thinning from below. In future, this issue will certainly require further close cooperation of forestry experts in order to arrive at optimal variants of solutions differentiated according to specific conditions.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"116 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42059568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The use of Douglas fir (DF) is on the increase in the Czech Republic. This tree species shows a good production and also a beneficial impact on soil to some extent. We studied both amount and properties of litterfall in 18 to 20-year-old stands with DF in 2011. Two experimental plots were DF-dominated and one showed ca. 20 – 30% share of Scots pine (SP) at the beginning of observation. The experiments consisted of two treatments such as unthinned control and 50 – 62% trees’ density reduction accounting for 43 – 59% basal area reduction. Litterfall was collected using litter traps of 0.25 m2 area in 3 – 4 traps per treatment. Forest floor L and F were taken in 2011 and 2018 to investigate the development of their amount after thinning. Both whole-period sum and mean annual litterfall were reduced after thinning compared to controls. The mean annual litterfall totaled ca. 3 t ha−1 in 20-year-old DF–dominated stands. This amount represents an annual nutrient return of 30 – 40 kg N, 1 – 3 kg P, 3 – 5 kg K, 12 – 30 kg Ca and 1 – 2 kg Mg per one hectare. The reduction of the annual litterfall was more pronounced in DF–dominated stands. All thinned plots showed increased decomposition rates reflected in lower total L+F amounts in both DF–dominated plots whereas unthinned plots accumulated more L+F at the end. The mixed DF–SP plot showed reduced L and increased F layer amounts in both unthinned and thinned treatments with only minor change to L+F sum between 2011 and 2018.
{"title":"Litterfall nutrient return in thinned young stands with Douglas fir","authors":"J. Novák, D. Kacálek, D. Dušek","doi":"10.2478/forj-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of Douglas fir (DF) is on the increase in the Czech Republic. This tree species shows a good production and also a beneficial impact on soil to some extent. We studied both amount and properties of litterfall in 18 to 20-year-old stands with DF in 2011. Two experimental plots were DF-dominated and one showed ca. 20 – 30% share of Scots pine (SP) at the beginning of observation. The experiments consisted of two treatments such as unthinned control and 50 – 62% trees’ density reduction accounting for 43 – 59% basal area reduction. Litterfall was collected using litter traps of 0.25 m2 area in 3 – 4 traps per treatment. Forest floor L and F were taken in 2011 and 2018 to investigate the development of their amount after thinning. Both whole-period sum and mean annual litterfall were reduced after thinning compared to controls. The mean annual litterfall totaled ca. 3 t ha−1 in 20-year-old DF–dominated stands. This amount represents an annual nutrient return of 30 – 40 kg N, 1 – 3 kg P, 3 – 5 kg K, 12 – 30 kg Ca and 1 – 2 kg Mg per one hectare. The reduction of the annual litterfall was more pronounced in DF–dominated stands. All thinned plots showed increased decomposition rates reflected in lower total L+F amounts in both DF–dominated plots whereas unthinned plots accumulated more L+F at the end. The mixed DF–SP plot showed reduced L and increased F layer amounts in both unthinned and thinned treatments with only minor change to L+F sum between 2011 and 2018.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"78 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42247429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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