Abstract Serbian spruce (Picea omorika [Pančić] Purk.) is a Balkan endemic coniferous species, the expansion of which is restricted by limited knowledge. This literature review paper compiles findings from 176 scientific papers and presents a summary of research results that pertain to the Serbian spruce potential in general, with a specific focus on European forests from 1951 to 2022. It summarizes the importance of its taxonomy, biological and ecological characteristics, site demands, production and silviculture, risks and pests, as well as the potential of this tree species in relation to global climate change. Serbian spruce is very resistant to the negative effect of air pollution and extreme heat waves compared to other spruce species, especially the most economically important spruce species in Europe– Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Moreover, its radial growth shows highly balanced annual increments, and the density and technical parameters of the wood are comparable with Norway spruce. On the other hand, the highest weakness may be the limited genetic variability. Despite its rather limited natural range, Serbian spruce can be considered one of the most adaptable spruces to anthropogenic factors and climate change, and a valuable tree species for urban landscapes. Its production potential of wood on acidic, dry and extreme sites makes it attractive for forestry, through its introduction.
{"title":"Challenges and risks of Serbian spruce (Picea omorika [pančić] purk.) in the time of climate change – a literature review","authors":"Z. Vacek, S. Vacek","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Serbian spruce (Picea omorika [Pančić] Purk.) is a Balkan endemic coniferous species, the expansion of which is restricted by limited knowledge. This literature review paper compiles findings from 176 scientific papers and presents a summary of research results that pertain to the Serbian spruce potential in general, with a specific focus on European forests from 1951 to 2022. It summarizes the importance of its taxonomy, biological and ecological characteristics, site demands, production and silviculture, risks and pests, as well as the potential of this tree species in relation to global climate change. Serbian spruce is very resistant to the negative effect of air pollution and extreme heat waves compared to other spruce species, especially the most economically important spruce species in Europe– Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Moreover, its radial growth shows highly balanced annual increments, and the density and technical parameters of the wood are comparable with Norway spruce. On the other hand, the highest weakness may be the limited genetic variability. Despite its rather limited natural range, Serbian spruce can be considered one of the most adaptable spruces to anthropogenic factors and climate change, and a valuable tree species for urban landscapes. Its production potential of wood on acidic, dry and extreme sites makes it attractive for forestry, through its introduction.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"152 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44361989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukáš Sahula, P. Šedivka, Tadeáš Zachara, V. Borůvka
Abstract As a result of climate change, the species structure of forest stands is gradually changing when the growing share of core species of deciduous trees at the expense of conifers places demands on its future efficient processing into final products. This study evaluates the influence of the surface modification of the heartwood of oak (Quercus robur) with five selected chemical modifiers on the strength of the glued joint with the used one-component PUR adhesive for interior and exterior structural applications. Samples of test bodies produced according to the standards were exposed to the given environment and subsequently subjected to a test using the method of determining the longitudinal shear strength under tensile stress. By applying a chemical modification to the surface layers of the glued surfaces of oak wood, the tannins in the surface layers were neutralized, increasing the adhesion of the glued surface. The resulting values of the strength of the glued joints with the applied chemical modification of the heartwood surface also confirmed this.
{"title":"The effect of chemical modification of the surface of the glued surface on the strength of the structural joint of oak wood","authors":"Lukáš Sahula, P. Šedivka, Tadeáš Zachara, V. Borůvka","doi":"10.2478/forj-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As a result of climate change, the species structure of forest stands is gradually changing when the growing share of core species of deciduous trees at the expense of conifers places demands on its future efficient processing into final products. This study evaluates the influence of the surface modification of the heartwood of oak (Quercus robur) with five selected chemical modifiers on the strength of the glued joint with the used one-component PUR adhesive for interior and exterior structural applications. Samples of test bodies produced according to the standards were exposed to the given environment and subsequently subjected to a test using the method of determining the longitudinal shear strength under tensile stress. By applying a chemical modification to the surface layers of the glued surfaces of oak wood, the tannins in the surface layers were neutralized, increasing the adhesion of the glued surface. The resulting values of the strength of the glued joints with the applied chemical modification of the heartwood surface also confirmed this.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"120 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47803770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ondřej Dvořák, M. Kvietková, P. Horák, Kryštof Kubista, M. Pánek, Irena Štěrbová
Abstract Wood is a natural material and is subject to degradation due to weather, UV radiation, and humidity. Wood is composed of many components. The basic structural elements of wood include cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Furthermore, these are accompanying substances, which also include extractive substances. Specifically, these substances, together with lignin, have a negative effect on its life thanks to their chemical reactions, which are initiated mainly by UV radiation (so-called photodegradation). This study evaluates the effect of controlled degradation of extractives and lignin on the surface of the wood before the application of the coating system and also on its overall service life. Samples of larch wood (Larix decidua Mill.) were exposed to exterior natural influences in Prague (Czech Republic) according to EN 927–3 (2020) for 10 and 20 weeks. Subsequently, the samples were sterilized in an autoclave, due to possible contamination of the surface with fungi. The specimens were then treated with two oil–coating systems (V–420 and V–429). Subsequently, they were exposed to artificial aging in a UV chamber according to EN 927–6 (2019). Testing occurred at predetermined time intervals of 0, 1, 3, and 6 weeks, roughly corresponding to 0, 2, 6, and 12 months outdoors. The evaluated factors were the change in color, gloss, and surface wettability. The results showed a slightly positive effect of surface washout lasting ten weeks before applying the coating system.
{"title":"Effect of larch wood extractive leaching on accelerated weathering aging durability of oil-based coatings","authors":"Ondřej Dvořák, M. Kvietková, P. Horák, Kryštof Kubista, M. Pánek, Irena Štěrbová","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wood is a natural material and is subject to degradation due to weather, UV radiation, and humidity. Wood is composed of many components. The basic structural elements of wood include cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Furthermore, these are accompanying substances, which also include extractive substances. Specifically, these substances, together with lignin, have a negative effect on its life thanks to their chemical reactions, which are initiated mainly by UV radiation (so-called photodegradation). This study evaluates the effect of controlled degradation of extractives and lignin on the surface of the wood before the application of the coating system and also on its overall service life. Samples of larch wood (Larix decidua Mill.) were exposed to exterior natural influences in Prague (Czech Republic) according to EN 927–3 (2020) for 10 and 20 weeks. Subsequently, the samples were sterilized in an autoclave, due to possible contamination of the surface with fungi. The specimens were then treated with two oil–coating systems (V–420 and V–429). Subsequently, they were exposed to artificial aging in a UV chamber according to EN 927–6 (2019). Testing occurred at predetermined time intervals of 0, 1, 3, and 6 weeks, roughly corresponding to 0, 2, 6, and 12 months outdoors. The evaluated factors were the change in color, gloss, and surface wettability. The results showed a slightly positive effect of surface washout lasting ten weeks before applying the coating system.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"126 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45883456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Culik, Blanka Giertliova, P. Alac, I. Hajduchova
Abstract The main aim of the paper is to propose formalised decision-making model for the selection of suitable parts of raw wood for the production of musical instruments and to decrease uncertainty in the purchasing process. It deals with the problem which was never solved before. The paper presents the methodology of input evaluation, considering the principles of sustainable development. We present by means of a supplier selection example and criteria evaluation, that an outranking approach may be very well suited as a decision-making tool for initial purchasing decisions. We have identified this step from the scientific point of view and from the questionnaire sent to musical instrument producers. There were used the following methods: questionnaire, decision tree and statistical methods of questionnaire processing. Our proposed decision tool/methodology could help on both sides of supply chain – as on the side of raw wood supply as on the side of raw wood demand. Based on the results of scientific research we can say that all assessed hypotheses were confirmed and, in the following, it was designed decision-making model by the method of decision tree. We have developed a conceptual model of buyer’s decision-making uncertainty can be reduced by the buyer’s perceptions of supplier trust, supplier commitment, and supplier dependence. Based on data collected from a questionnaire, our study confirms the negative effect of buyers’ trust in the supplier on their uncertainty in purchase decisions. It helps to optimise the identification, specification and evaluation of key factors for a wood as an input into the production of musical instruments. From the economic point of view, our proposals could help to increase value added in the production of wooden musical instruments and at the same time it could decrease possible waste from the undesirable raw wood input.
{"title":"Decision-making model for the specification of wood as an input for the production of wooden musical instruments","authors":"M. Culik, Blanka Giertliova, P. Alac, I. Hajduchova","doi":"10.2478/forj-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main aim of the paper is to propose formalised decision-making model for the selection of suitable parts of raw wood for the production of musical instruments and to decrease uncertainty in the purchasing process. It deals with the problem which was never solved before. The paper presents the methodology of input evaluation, considering the principles of sustainable development. We present by means of a supplier selection example and criteria evaluation, that an outranking approach may be very well suited as a decision-making tool for initial purchasing decisions. We have identified this step from the scientific point of view and from the questionnaire sent to musical instrument producers. There were used the following methods: questionnaire, decision tree and statistical methods of questionnaire processing. Our proposed decision tool/methodology could help on both sides of supply chain – as on the side of raw wood supply as on the side of raw wood demand. Based on the results of scientific research we can say that all assessed hypotheses were confirmed and, in the following, it was designed decision-making model by the method of decision tree. We have developed a conceptual model of buyer’s decision-making uncertainty can be reduced by the buyer’s perceptions of supplier trust, supplier commitment, and supplier dependence. Based on data collected from a questionnaire, our study confirms the negative effect of buyers’ trust in the supplier on their uncertainty in purchase decisions. It helps to optimise the identification, specification and evaluation of key factors for a wood as an input into the production of musical instruments. From the economic point of view, our proposals could help to increase value added in the production of wooden musical instruments and at the same time it could decrease possible waste from the undesirable raw wood input.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"69 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49083262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manggar Arum Aristri, M. A. R. Lubis, R. Sari, Ľ. Krišťák, A. H. Iswanto, E. Mardawati, L. S. Hua
Abstract The purpose of this research was to create bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (Bio-NIPU) resins derived from the tannin of Acacia mangium Willd. bark for the impregnation of ramie fibres (Boehmeria nivea L.) and to investigate the properties of impregnated fibres. Tannin was extracted from the bark of A. mangium using hot water. Tannin-bio-NIPU resin was created using dimethyl carbonate and hexamine. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that tannin extract from the bark of Acacia mangium can be used effectively as a renewable alternative to toxic polyols in the development of tannin-Bio-NIPU resins. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the urethane bond formed on the tannin-Bio-NIPU resins. Thermal and mechanical analysis were used to investigate the properties of tannin-Bio-NIPU resins and ramie fibres before and after impregnation. This study shows that the impregnation time of ramie fiber using tannin-Bio-NIPU resins is 30 minutes. The reaction between tannin-Bio-NIPU resins with ramie fiber forms the C=O urethane group as confirmed by FTIR Spectroscopy. The characterization results show that tannin-Bio-NIPU resins has ability to modify ramie fiber via impregnation in order to increase its mechanical properties, thus enhancing its potential for wider industrial application as a functional material.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of non-isocyanate polyurethane resins derived from tannin of Acacia mangium bark for the modification of ramie fibers","authors":"Manggar Arum Aristri, M. A. R. Lubis, R. Sari, Ľ. Krišťák, A. H. Iswanto, E. Mardawati, L. S. Hua","doi":"10.2478/forj-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this research was to create bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (Bio-NIPU) resins derived from the tannin of Acacia mangium Willd. bark for the impregnation of ramie fibres (Boehmeria nivea L.) and to investigate the properties of impregnated fibres. Tannin was extracted from the bark of A. mangium using hot water. Tannin-bio-NIPU resin was created using dimethyl carbonate and hexamine. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that tannin extract from the bark of Acacia mangium can be used effectively as a renewable alternative to toxic polyols in the development of tannin-Bio-NIPU resins. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the urethane bond formed on the tannin-Bio-NIPU resins. Thermal and mechanical analysis were used to investigate the properties of tannin-Bio-NIPU resins and ramie fibres before and after impregnation. This study shows that the impregnation time of ramie fiber using tannin-Bio-NIPU resins is 30 minutes. The reaction between tannin-Bio-NIPU resins with ramie fiber forms the C=O urethane group as confirmed by FTIR Spectroscopy. The characterization results show that tannin-Bio-NIPU resins has ability to modify ramie fiber via impregnation in order to increase its mechanical properties, thus enhancing its potential for wider industrial application as a functional material.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"77 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42744207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Accurate qualitative evaluation of grown and harvested wood is a key issue from the point of view of its subsequent economic evaluation. With the current trend of global climate change and large volumes of wood damaged by harmful agents, automated methods of wood quality assessment are becoming more and more important. The work aimed to verify the applicability and significance of the results of using the acoustic tomograph for the qualitative assessment of selected tree species logs. Ten samples of log sections of non-coniferous and coniferous trees were evaluated, on which an image analysis of qualitative features was performed on a cross-section from their digital photograph and the image output of an acoustic tomograph software. The results were compared with each other and the accuracy of qualitative feature identification by acoustic tomograph was evaluated. At the same time, the results of the image analysis of the qualitative feature were compared with its assessment through STN EN 1309-3. It was shown that, when evaluated according to the Standard, qualitative features were overestimated by an average of 29.19% compared to the acoustic tomograph and by 28.22% compared to the digital photograph. The use of the acoustic tomograph confirmed a good level of accuracy in the identification of qualitative features even on logs of harvested wood, although it is primarily intended for the qualitative evaluation of standing trees.
从其后续经济评价的角度来看，对生长和采伐木材进行准确的定性评价是一个关键问题。随着当前全球气候变化的趋势和木材受到有害物质的大量破坏，木材质量的自动化评估方法变得越来越重要。本文旨在验证声波层析成像结果对选定树种原木进行定性评价的适用性和意义。对非针叶树和针叶树的10个原木样本进行了评估，并对其数字照片的横截面和声学断层成像软件的图像输出进行了定性特征的图像分析。对结果进行了比较，评价了声层析成像定性特征识别的准确性。同时，将定性特征的图像分析结果与通过STN EN 1309-3进行的定性特征评估结果进行比较。结果表明，当根据标准进行评估时，定性特征与声学层析成像相比平均高估了29.19%，与数字照片相比平均高估了28.22%。声波层析成像仪的使用证实，即使在采伐木材的原木上也能很准确地识别质量特征，尽管它主要是为了对直立树木进行质量评价。
{"title":"The use of the acoustic tomograph and digital image analysis in the qualitative assessment of harvested timber – case study","authors":"M. Gejdoš, Katarína Michajlová, Dominik Gretsch","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accurate qualitative evaluation of grown and harvested wood is a key issue from the point of view of its subsequent economic evaluation. With the current trend of global climate change and large volumes of wood damaged by harmful agents, automated methods of wood quality assessment are becoming more and more important. The work aimed to verify the applicability and significance of the results of using the acoustic tomograph for the qualitative assessment of selected tree species logs. Ten samples of log sections of non-coniferous and coniferous trees were evaluated, on which an image analysis of qualitative features was performed on a cross-section from their digital photograph and the image output of an acoustic tomograph software. The results were compared with each other and the accuracy of qualitative feature identification by acoustic tomograph was evaluated. At the same time, the results of the image analysis of the qualitative feature were compared with its assessment through STN EN 1309-3. It was shown that, when evaluated according to the Standard, qualitative features were overestimated by an average of 29.19% compared to the acoustic tomograph and by 28.22% compared to the digital photograph. The use of the acoustic tomograph confirmed a good level of accuracy in the identification of qualitative features even on logs of harvested wood, although it is primarily intended for the qualitative evaluation of standing trees.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"106 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45556128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Berendt, Iman Bajalan, Charlett Wenig, Charlotte Hinds, L. Blasko, T. Cremer
Abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in the world. In Germany, as in many other European countries, it is a very important species both culturally and economically. Few studies have focused on bark volumes being delivered to the wood industry together with the roundwood, being potentially a valuable resource for material or energetic utilization. Therefore, logs from six different forest sites were collected and bark variables including double bark thickness (DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of missing bark) were measured and analyzed in order to model bark volume (Vbark) and bark mass (Mbark). The correlation analysis using Pearson’s method showed that the highest correlation coefficients were observed from the correlation between DBT and Vbark, as well as between DBT and Mbark. Also, results demonstrated that with DBT greater than 20 mm, the percentage of Vbark exceeded 20%. Finally, different linear regression models were recommended to predict Vbark and Mbark based on the other variables. The results of this study can be used in different wood industries in order to predict bark volume and bark mass of e.g. truckloads or roundwood stacks.
{"title":"Estimation of Scots pine bark biomass delivered to the wood industry in Northern Germany","authors":"F. Berendt, Iman Bajalan, Charlett Wenig, Charlotte Hinds, L. Blasko, T. Cremer","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in the world. In Germany, as in many other European countries, it is a very important species both culturally and economically. Few studies have focused on bark volumes being delivered to the wood industry together with the roundwood, being potentially a valuable resource for material or energetic utilization. Therefore, logs from six different forest sites were collected and bark variables including double bark thickness (DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of missing bark) were measured and analyzed in order to model bark volume (Vbark) and bark mass (Mbark). The correlation analysis using Pearson’s method showed that the highest correlation coefficients were observed from the correlation between DBT and Vbark, as well as between DBT and Mbark. Also, results demonstrated that with DBT greater than 20 mm, the percentage of Vbark exceeded 20%. Finally, different linear regression models were recommended to predict Vbark and Mbark based on the other variables. The results of this study can be used in different wood industries in order to predict bark volume and bark mass of e.g. truckloads or roundwood stacks.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"89 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44931439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Klement, Rastislav Igaz, T. Gergeľ, Tatiana Vilkovská, Jennifer Drugdová
Abstract The subject of this paper is the analysis of the influence of laser cutting of oak wood on its drying process. The subject of the research was the comparison of the drying process and the quality of the dried wood in samples cut by classical technology (sawing) and samples cut with the use of laser. The research was carried out on two sets of samples which were subjected to an identical drying process. Continuous moisture loss and final moisture attained, moisture gradients before and after drying, and internal tensions before and after drying were monitored by means of the fork test and the cut-test. The final moisture content at the end of drying was 8.09% for the saw-cut samples and 8.22% for the laser-cut samples, a difference of only 0.13%. The analysis of the individual characteristics observed showed that the influence of the cutting technology did not have a significant effect on the drying process or the quality of the dried oak sawn timber.
{"title":"Effect of laser cutting of oak wood on the drying process","authors":"I. Klement, Rastislav Igaz, T. Gergeľ, Tatiana Vilkovská, Jennifer Drugdová","doi":"10.2478/forj-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The subject of this paper is the analysis of the influence of laser cutting of oak wood on its drying process. The subject of the research was the comparison of the drying process and the quality of the dried wood in samples cut by classical technology (sawing) and samples cut with the use of laser. The research was carried out on two sets of samples which were subjected to an identical drying process. Continuous moisture loss and final moisture attained, moisture gradients before and after drying, and internal tensions before and after drying were monitored by means of the fork test and the cut-test. The final moisture content at the end of drying was 8.09% for the saw-cut samples and 8.22% for the laser-cut samples, a difference of only 0.13%. The analysis of the individual characteristics observed showed that the influence of the cutting technology did not have a significant effect on the drying process or the quality of the dried oak sawn timber.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"98 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48410387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hitka, S. Lorincová, Jana Kajanová, P. Štarchoň, M. Sydor
Abstract In the field of interior and furniture, the pursuit of comfort has always been based on the anthropometric dimensions of the user. When optimizing the dimensions of the bed for the needs of today’s population, we start from the forecasted values of the relevant body dimensions, i.e. height and weight. Based on previous research, we can conclude that the anthropometric dimensions of the adult Slovak population after reaching the age of adulthood have increased statistically significantly by approx. 4.5–5% since the last measurements in 1987, from the point of view of the body growth process. In connection with the aforementioned findings, it is necessary for furniture companies producing bed furniture to adjust their calculation procedures for price formation depending on the needs of users, in order to forecast their financial situation. The goal of the work is to determine the cost increase for bariatric respondents, based on the determined dimensions of the wooden bed compared to a standard manufactured bed, and to determine the calculation formula for single-piece production. The results show that increasing the dimensions of the bed will increase the total costs by approximately 70%.
{"title":"Price calculation of wooden bariatric beds","authors":"M. Hitka, S. Lorincová, Jana Kajanová, P. Štarchoň, M. Sydor","doi":"10.2478/forj-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the field of interior and furniture, the pursuit of comfort has always been based on the anthropometric dimensions of the user. When optimizing the dimensions of the bed for the needs of today’s population, we start from the forecasted values of the relevant body dimensions, i.e. height and weight. Based on previous research, we can conclude that the anthropometric dimensions of the adult Slovak population after reaching the age of adulthood have increased statistically significantly by approx. 4.5–5% since the last measurements in 1987, from the point of view of the body growth process. In connection with the aforementioned findings, it is necessary for furniture companies producing bed furniture to adjust their calculation procedures for price formation depending on the needs of users, in order to forecast their financial situation. The goal of the work is to determine the cost increase for bariatric respondents, based on the determined dimensions of the wooden bed compared to a standard manufactured bed, and to determine the calculation formula for single-piece production. The results show that increasing the dimensions of the bed will increase the total costs by approximately 70%.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"112 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44896172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakub Brichta, S. Vacek, Z. Vacek, Jan Cukor, M. Mikeska, L. Bílek, Václav Šimůnek, Josef Gallo, Pavel Brabec
Abstract We are currently witnessing significant global changes in climate conditions. We cannot change the natural conditions, but with regard to sustainable landscape management, we can increase our knowledge of tree species and adapt forest management to them. Surprisingly, one of the most affected tree species in Central Europe today is Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The following literature review summarizes over 200 studies from 1952–2022 regarding Scots pine across its entire range while addressing various topics in the ecology and management of this taxon. It is a tree species with a large natural range, nearly covering the entire Eurasian area. In the Czech Republic, it is the second most important tree species in terms of industrial wood production. Scots pine is characterized not only by a significant genetic variability of its populations but also by its wide ecological plasticity. Typically, it grows on sandy soils, poor habitats, and stony scree–but also in peat bogs. The wide habitat valence justifies the economic significance of this species, both in terms of its high production potential (mean annual increment of up to 10.8 m3 ha-1 yr-1) but also its wide range of use. However, in the light of climate variations, the practices of Scots pine silviculture are also gradually transforming from the traditional reforestation by clear-cutting to a more natural system–shelterwood felling. In view of climate change, its range of distribution is changing, as with other species, but Scots pine remains a very resistant tree species, depending on the habitat.
{"title":"Importance and potential of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in 21st century","authors":"Jakub Brichta, S. Vacek, Z. Vacek, Jan Cukor, M. Mikeska, L. Bílek, Václav Šimůnek, Josef Gallo, Pavel Brabec","doi":"10.2478/forj-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We are currently witnessing significant global changes in climate conditions. We cannot change the natural conditions, but with regard to sustainable landscape management, we can increase our knowledge of tree species and adapt forest management to them. Surprisingly, one of the most affected tree species in Central Europe today is Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The following literature review summarizes over 200 studies from 1952–2022 regarding Scots pine across its entire range while addressing various topics in the ecology and management of this taxon. It is a tree species with a large natural range, nearly covering the entire Eurasian area. In the Czech Republic, it is the second most important tree species in terms of industrial wood production. Scots pine is characterized not only by a significant genetic variability of its populations but also by its wide ecological plasticity. Typically, it grows on sandy soils, poor habitats, and stony scree–but also in peat bogs. The wide habitat valence justifies the economic significance of this species, both in terms of its high production potential (mean annual increment of up to 10.8 m3 ha-1 yr-1) but also its wide range of use. However, in the light of climate variations, the practices of Scots pine silviculture are also gradually transforming from the traditional reforestation by clear-cutting to a more natural system–shelterwood felling. In view of climate change, its range of distribution is changing, as with other species, but Scots pine remains a very resistant tree species, depending on the habitat.","PeriodicalId":45042,"journal":{"name":"Central European Forestry Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"3 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42499221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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